static void
AddScaledImages(PIXA         *pixa,
                const char   *fname,
                l_int32       width)
{
l_int32    i, w;
l_float32  scalefactor;
PIX       *pixs, *pixt1, *pixt2, *pix32;

    pixs = pixRead(fname);
    w = pixGetWidth(pixs);
    for (i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
        scalefactor = (l_float32)width / (FACTOR[i] * (l_float32)w);
        pixt1 = pixScale(pixs, FACTOR[i], FACTOR[i]);
        pixt2 = pixScale(pixt1, scalefactor, scalefactor);
        pix32 = pixConvertTo32(pixt2);
        if (i == 0)
            pixSaveTiled(pix32, pixa, 1.0, 1, SPACE, 32);
        else
            pixSaveTiled(pix32, pixa, 1.0, 0, SPACE, 32);
        pixDestroy(&pixt1);
        pixDestroy(&pixt2);
        pixDestroy(&pix32);
    }
    pixDestroy(&pixs);
    return;
}

/*!
 * \brief   recogShowPath()
 *
 * \param[in]    recog with LUT's pre-computed
 * \param[in]    select 0 for Viterbi; 1 for rescored
 * \return  pix debug output), or NULL on error
 */
static PIX *
recogShowPath(L_RECOG  *recog,
              l_int32   select)
{
char       textstr[16];
l_int32    i, n, index, xloc, dely;
l_float32  score;
L_BMF     *bmf;
NUMA      *natempl_s, *nascore_s, *naxloc_s, *nadely_s;
PIX       *pixs, *pix0, *pix1, *pix2, *pix3, *pix4, *pix5;
L_RDID    *did;

    PROCNAME("recogShowPath");

    if (!recog)
        return (PIX *)ERROR_PTR("recog not defined", procName, NULL);
    if ((did = recogGetDid(recog)) == NULL)
        return (PIX *)ERROR_PTR("did not defined", procName, NULL);

    bmf = bmfCreate(NULL, 8);
    pixs = pixScale(did->pixs, 4.0, 4.0);
    pix0 = pixAddBorderGeneral(pixs, 0, 0, 0, 40, 0);
    pix1 = pixConvertTo32(pix0);
    if (select == 0) {  /* Viterbi */
        natempl_s = did->natempl;
        nascore_s = did->nascore;
        naxloc_s = did->naxloc;
        nadely_s = did->nadely;
    } else {  /* rescored */
        natempl_s = did->natempl_r;
        nascore_s = did->nascore_r;
        naxloc_s = did->naxloc_r;
        nadely_s = did->nadely_r;
    }

    n = numaGetCount(natempl_s);
    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        numaGetIValue(natempl_s, i, &index);
        pix2 = pixaGetPix(recog->pixa_u, index, L_CLONE);
        pix3 = pixScale(pix2, 4.0, 4.0);
        pix4 = pixErodeBrick(NULL, pix3, 5, 5);
        pixXor(pix4, pix4, pix3);
        numaGetFValue(nascore_s, i, &score);
        snprintf(textstr, sizeof(textstr), "%5.3f", score);
        pix5 = pixAddTextlines(pix4, bmf, textstr, 1, L_ADD_BELOW);
        numaGetIValue(naxloc_s, i, &xloc);
        numaGetIValue(nadely_s, i, &dely);
        pixPaintThroughMask(pix1, pix5, 4 * xloc, 4 * dely, 0xff000000);
        pixDestroy(&pix2);
        pixDestroy(&pix3);
        pixDestroy(&pix4);
        pixDestroy(&pix5);
    }
    pixDestroy(&pixs);
    pixDestroy(&pix0);
    bmfDestroy(&bmf);
    return pix1;
}

int main(int    argc,
         char **argv)
{
BOX          *box;
PIX          *pixt1, *pixt2, *pix1, *pix2, *pix3;
L_REGPARAMS  *rp;

    if (regTestSetup(argc, argv, &rp))
        return 1;

    pixt1 = pixRead("feyn.tif");  /* 300 ppi */
    box = boxCreate(19, 774, 2247, 2025);
    pix1 = pixClipRectangle(pixt1, box, NULL);
    pixDestroy(&pixt1);
    pixt1 = pixRead("lucasta.150.jpg");
    pixt2 = pixConvertTo1(pixt1, 128);  /* 150 ppi */
    pix2 = pixScale(pixt2, 2.2, 2.2);   /* 300 ppi */
    pixDestroy(&pixt1);
    pixDestroy(&pixt2);
    pixt1 = pixRead("zanotti-78.jpg");
    pixt2 = pixConvertTo1(pixt1, 128);  /* 150 ppi */
    pix3 = pixScale(pixt2, 2.0, 2.0);   /* 300 ppi */
    pixDestroy(&pixt1);
    pixDestroy(&pixt2);
    boxDestroy(&box);

        /* Make word boxes using pixWordMaskByDilation() */
    MakeWordBoxes1(pix1, 20, rp);  /* 0 */
    MakeWordBoxes1(pix2, 20, rp);  /* 1 */
    MakeWordBoxes1(pix3, 20, rp);  /* 2 */

        /* Make word boxes using the higher-level functions
         * pixGetWordsInTextlines() and pixGetWordBoxesInTextlines() */
    MakeWordBoxes2(pix1, 1, rp);  /* 3, 4 */
    MakeWordBoxes2(pix2, 1, rp);  /* 5, 6 */
    MakeWordBoxes2(pix3, 1, rp);  /* 7, 8 */

        /* Make word boxes using the higher-level functions
         * pixGetWordsInTextlines() and pixGetWordBoxesInTextlines() */
    MakeWordBoxes2(pix1, 2, rp);  /* 9, 10 */
    MakeWordBoxes2(pix2, 2, rp);  /* 11, 12 */
    MakeWordBoxes2(pix3, 2, rp);  /* 13, 14 */

    pixDestroy(&pix1);
    pixDestroy(&pix2);
    pixDestroy(&pix3);
    return regTestCleanup(rp);
}

/* static */
void Input::PreparePixInput(const StaticShape& shape, const Pix* pix,
                            TRand* randomizer, NetworkIO* input) {
  bool color = shape.depth() == 3;
  Pix* var_pix = const_cast<Pix*>(pix);
  int depth = pixGetDepth(var_pix);
  Pix* normed_pix = nullptr;
  // On input to BaseAPI, an image is forced to be 1, 8 or 24 bit, without
  // colormap, so we just have to deal with depth conversion here.
  if (color) {
    // Force RGB.
    if (depth == 32)
      normed_pix = pixClone(var_pix);
    else
      normed_pix = pixConvertTo32(var_pix);
  } else {
    // Convert non-8-bit images to 8 bit.
    if (depth == 8)
      normed_pix = pixClone(var_pix);
    else
      normed_pix = pixConvertTo8(var_pix, false);
  }
  int height = pixGetHeight(normed_pix);
  int target_height = shape.height();
  if (target_height == 1) target_height = shape.depth();
  if (target_height != 0 && target_height != height) {
    // Get the scaled image.
    float im_factor = static_cast<float>(target_height) / height;
    Pix* scaled_pix = pixScale(normed_pix, im_factor, im_factor);
    pixDestroy(&normed_pix);
    normed_pix = scaled_pix;
  }
  input->FromPix(shape, normed_pix, randomizer);
  pixDestroy(&normed_pix);
}

/*!
 *  pixDisplayWriteFormat()
 *
 *      Input:  pix (1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 bpp)
 *              reduction (-1 to reset/erase; 0 to disable;
 *                         otherwise this is a reduction factor)
 *              format (IFF_PNG or IFF_JFIF_JPEG)
 *      Return: 0 if OK; 1 on error
 *
 *  Notes:
 *      (1) This writes files if reduction > 0.  These can be displayed using
 *            pixDisplayMultiple("/tmp/junk_write_display*");
 *      (2) All previously written files can be erased by calling with
 *          reduction < 0; the value of pixs is ignored.
 *      (3) If reduction > 1 and depth == 1, this does a scale-to-gray
 *          reduction.
 *      (4) This function uses a static internal variable to number
 *          output files written by a single process.  Behavior
 *          with a shared library may be unpredictable.
 *      (5) Output file format is as follows:
 *            format == IFF_JFIF_JPEG:
 *                png if d < 8 or d == 16 or if the output pix
 *                has a colormap.   Otherwise, output is jpg.
 *            format == IFF_PNG:
 *                png (lossless) on all images.
 *      (6) For 16 bpp, the choice of full dynamic range with log scale
 *          is the best for displaying these images.  Alternative outputs are
 *             pix8 = pixMaxDynamicRange(pixt, L_LINEAR_SCALE);
 *             pix8 = pixConvert16To8(pixt, 0);  // low order byte
 *             pix8 = pixConvert16To8(pixt, 1);  // high order byte
 */
l_int32
pixDisplayWriteFormat(PIX     *pixs,
                      l_int32  reduction,
                      l_int32  format)
{
char            buffer[L_BUF_SIZE];
l_float32       scale;
PIX            *pixt, *pix8;
static l_int32  index = 0;  /* caution: not .so or thread safe */

    PROCNAME("pixDisplayWriteFormat");

    if (reduction == 0) return 0;

    if (reduction < 0) {
        index = 0;  /* reset; this will cause erasure at next call to write */
        return 0;
    }

    if (format != IFF_JFIF_JPEG && format != IFF_PNG)
        return ERROR_INT("invalid format", procName, 1);
    if (!pixs)
        return ERROR_INT("pixs not defined", procName, 1);

    if (index == 0) {
        snprintf(buffer, L_BUF_SIZE,
           "rm -f /tmp/junk_write_display.*.png /tmp/junk_write_display.*.jpg");
        system(buffer);
    }
    index++;

    if (reduction == 1)
        pixt = pixClone(pixs);
    else {
        scale = 1. / (l_float32)reduction;
        if (pixGetDepth(pixs) == 1)
            pixt = pixScaleToGray(pixs, scale);
        else
            pixt = pixScale(pixs, scale, scale);
    }

    if (pixGetDepth(pixt) == 16) {
        pix8 = pixMaxDynamicRange(pixt, L_LOG_SCALE);
        snprintf(buffer, L_BUF_SIZE, "/tmp/junk_write_display.%03d.png", index);
        pixWrite(buffer, pix8, IFF_PNG);
        pixDestroy(&pix8);
    }
    else if (pixGetDepth(pixt) < 8 || pixGetColormap(pixt) ||
             format == IFF_PNG) {
        snprintf(buffer, L_BUF_SIZE, "/tmp/junk_write_display.%03d.png", index);
        pixWrite(buffer, pixt, IFF_PNG);
    }
    else {
        snprintf(buffer, L_BUF_SIZE, "/tmp/junk_write_display.%03d.jpg", index);
        pixWrite(buffer, pixt, format);
    }
    pixDestroy(&pixt);

    return 0;
}

jint Java_com_googlecode_leptonica_android_Scale_nativeScale(JNIEnv *env, jclass clazz,
                                                             jint nativePix, jfloat scaleX,
                                                             jfloat scaleY) {
  PIX *pixs = (PIX *) nativePix;
  PIX *pixd = pixScale(pixs, (l_float32) scaleX, (l_float32) scaleY);

  return (jint) pixd;
}

image_object::image_object( const char* fileName, const char* lang )
  : image( pixScale( pixRead( fileName ), PIXSCALE, PIXSCALE ) ){
  assert( image != NULL );  // TODO: Find a better way to fail.
  tesseract.Init( TESSDATAPATH, lang );
  tesseract.SetImage( image );
  tesseract.SetVariable( "tessedit_char_whitelist",
    "+-#~/:(),<>&* _0123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz" );
} //image_object (constructor)

main(int    argc,
     char **argv)
{
    char        *filein, *fileout;
    l_int32      d;
    l_float32    scalex, scaley;
    PIX         *pixs, *pixd;
    static char  mainName[] = "scaletest1";

    if (argc != 5)
        return ERROR_INT(" Syntax:  scaletest1 filein scalex scaley fileout",
                         mainName, 1);

    filein = argv[1];
    scalex = atof(argv[2]);
    scaley = atof(argv[3]);
    fileout = argv[4];

    if ((pixs = pixRead(filein)) == NULL)
        return ERROR_INT("pixs not made", mainName, 1);

    /* choose type of scaling operation */
#if 1
    pixd = pixScale(pixs, scalex, scaley);
#elif 0
    pixd = pixScaleLI(pixs, scalex, scaley);
#elif 0
    pixd = pixScaleSmooth(pixs, scalex, scaley);
#elif 0
    pixd = pixScaleAreaMap(pixs, scalex, scaley);
#elif 0
    pixd = pixScaleBySampling(pixs, scalex, scaley);
#else
    pixd = pixScaleToGray(pixs, scalex);
#endif

    d = pixGetDepth(pixd);

#if 1
    if (d <= 8)
        pixWrite(fileout, pixd, IFF_PNG);
    else
        pixWrite(fileout, pixd, IFF_JFIF_JPEG);
#else
    pixWrite(fileout, pixd, IFF_PNG);
#endif

    pixDestroy(&pixs);
    pixDestroy(&pixd);
    return 0;
}

Pix* upscale(Pix* pix) {
    l_int32 pixPixelCount = pixGetWidth(pix)* pixGetHeight(pix);
    const l_int32 MIN_PIXEL_COUNT = 3 * 1024*1024;
    if (pixPixelCount < MIN_PIXEL_COUNT) {
        l_float32 scale = ((double) MIN_PIXEL_COUNT) / pixPixelCount;
        scale = sqrt(scale);
        Pix* scaled = pixScale(pix, scale,scale);
        l_int32 xres, yres;
        pixGetResolution(pix, &xres, &yres);
        pixSetResolution(scaled, 600, 600);
        return scaled;
    }
    return pixClone(pix);
}

unsigned long long getImagePhash_px( PIX *pix_orig, char *tmpFilename ) {

  int free_8 = 0;

  // Convert colour images down to grey
  PIX *pix8;
  if( pixGetDepth(pix_orig) > 8 ) {
    pix8 = pixScaleRGBToGrayFast( pix_orig, 1, COLOR_GREEN );
    if( pix8 == NULL ) {
      printf("Covertion to 8bit, did not go well.");
      return  0;
    }
    free_8 = 1;
  }
  else {
    // already gray
    free_8 = 0;
    pix8 = pix_orig;
  }

  int width = pixGetWidth( pix8 );
  int height = pixGetHeight( pix8 );
  BOX* box = boxCreate(1, 1, width-2, height-2);
  PIX* pixc = pixClipRectangle(pix8, box, NULL);
  if(free_8 == 1) {
    pixDestroy( &pix8 );
  }


  PIX *pix8s = pixScale(pixc, 0.2, 0.2);
  pixDestroy( &pixc );

  // Convert image down to binary (no gray)
/*  PIX *pix1 = pixThresholdToBinary( pix8s, 200 );
  if( pix1 == NULL ) {
    printf( "Covertion to 1bit, did not go well.");
    pixDestroy( &pix8s );
    return 0;
  }
  pixDestroy( &pix8s );
*/
  // Save the file for pHash processnig
  pixWrite( tmpFilename, pix8s, IFF_JFIF_JPEG);
  pixDestroy( &pix8s );

  unsigned long long ret = calculateImagePhash( tmpFilename );
  //unlink(tmpFilename);

  return ret;
}

PIXA *
GenerateSetOfMargePix(void)
{
l_float32  factor;
BOX   *box;
PIX   *pixs, *pixt1, *pixt2, *pixt3, *pixt4;
PIXA  *pixa;

    pixs = pixRead("marge.jpg");
    box = boxCreate(130, 93, 263, 253);
    factor = sqrt(2.0);
    pixt1 = pixClipRectangle(pixs, box, NULL);  /* 266 KB */
    pixt2 = pixScale(pixt1, factor, factor);    /* 532 KB */
    pixt3 = pixScale(pixt2, factor, factor);    /* 1064 KB */
    pixt4 = pixScale(pixt3, factor, factor);    /* 2128 KB */
    pixa = pixaCreate(4);
    pixaAddPix(pixa, pixt1, L_INSERT);
    pixaAddPix(pixa, pixt2, L_INSERT);
    pixaAddPix(pixa, pixt3, L_INSERT);
    pixaAddPix(pixa, pixt4, L_INSERT);
    boxDestroy(&box);
    pixDestroy(&pixs);
    return pixa;
}

// Gets anything and everything with a non-NULL pointer, prescaled to a
// given target_height (if 0, then the original image height), and aligned.
// Also returns (if not NULL) the width and height of the scaled image.
// The return value is the scale factor that was applied to the image to
// achieve the target_height.
float ImageData::PreScale(int target_height, Pix** pix,
                          int* scaled_width, int* scaled_height,
                          GenericVector<TBOX>* boxes) const {
  int input_width = 0;
  int input_height = 0;
  Pix* src_pix = GetPix();
  ASSERT_HOST(src_pix != NULL);
  input_width = pixGetWidth(src_pix);
  input_height = pixGetHeight(src_pix);
  if (target_height == 0)
    target_height = input_height;
  float im_factor = static_cast<float>(target_height) / input_height;
  if (scaled_width != NULL)
    *scaled_width = IntCastRounded(im_factor * input_width);
  if (scaled_height != NULL)
    *scaled_height = target_height;
  if (pix != NULL) {
    // Get the scaled image.
    pixDestroy(pix);
    *pix = pixScale(src_pix, im_factor, im_factor);
    if (*pix == NULL) {
      tprintf("Scaling pix of size %d, %d by factor %g made null pix!!\n",
              input_width, input_height, im_factor);
    }
    if (scaled_width != NULL)
      *scaled_width = pixGetWidth(*pix);
    if (scaled_height != NULL)
      *scaled_height = pixGetHeight(*pix);
  }
  pixDestroy(&src_pix);
  if (boxes != NULL) {
    // Get the boxes.
    boxes->truncate(0);
    for (int b = 0; b < boxes_.size(); ++b) {
      TBOX box = boxes_[b];
      box.scale(im_factor);
      boxes->push_back(box);
    }
    if (boxes->empty()) {
      // Make a single box for the whole image.
      TBOX box(0, 0, im_factor * input_width, target_height);
      boxes->push_back(box);
    }
  }
  return im_factor;
}

// Gets anything and everything with a non-NULL pointer, prescaled to a
// given target_height (if 0, then the original image height), and aligned.
// Also returns (if not NULL) the width and height of the scaled image.
void ImageData::PreScale(int target_height, Pix** pix,
                         int* scaled_width, int* scaled_height,
                         GenericVector<TBOX>* boxes) const {
  int input_width = 0;
  int input_height = 0;
  Pix* src_pix = GetPix();
  ASSERT_HOST(src_pix != NULL);
  input_width = pixGetWidth(src_pix);
  input_height = pixGetHeight(src_pix);
  if (target_height == 0)
    target_height = input_height;
  float im_factor = static_cast<float>(target_height) / input_height;
  if (scaled_width != NULL)
    *scaled_width = IntCastRounded(im_factor * input_width);
  if (scaled_height != NULL)
    *scaled_height = target_height;
  if (pix != NULL) {
    // Get the scaled image.
    pixDestroy(pix);
    *pix = pixScale(src_pix, im_factor, im_factor);
    if (scaled_width != NULL)
      *scaled_width = pixGetWidth(*pix);
    if (scaled_height != NULL)
      *scaled_height = pixGetHeight(*pix);
  }
  pixDestroy(&src_pix);
  if (boxes != NULL) {
    // Get the boxes.
    boxes->truncate(0);
    for (int b = 0; b < boxes_.size(); ++b) {
      TBOX box = boxes_[b];
      box.scale(im_factor);
      boxes->push_back(box);
    }
  }
}

/*!
 *  pixDisplayWithTitle()
 *
 *      Input:  pix (1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 bpp)
 *              x, y  (location of display frame)
 *              title (<optional> on frame; can be NULL);
 *              dispflag (1 to write, else disabled)
 *      Return: 0 if OK; 1 on error
 *
 *  Notes:
 *      (1) See notes for pixDisplay().
 *      (2) This displays the image if dispflag == 1.
 */
l_int32
pixDisplayWithTitle(PIX         *pixs,
                    l_int32      x,
                    l_int32      y,
                    const char  *title,
                    l_int32      dispflag)
{
char           *tempname;
char            buffer[L_BUF_SIZE];
static l_int32  index = 0;  /* caution: not .so or thread safe */
l_int32         w, h, d, spp, maxheight, opaque, threeviews, ignore;
l_float32       ratw, rath, ratmin;
PIX            *pix0, *pix1, *pix2;
PIXCMAP        *cmap;
#ifndef _WIN32
l_int32         wt, ht;
#else
char           *pathname;
char            fullpath[_MAX_PATH];
#endif  /* _WIN32 */

    PROCNAME("pixDisplayWithTitle");

    if (dispflag != 1) return 0;
    if (!pixs)
        return ERROR_INT("pixs not defined", procName, 1);
    if (var_DISPLAY_PROG != L_DISPLAY_WITH_XZGV &&
        var_DISPLAY_PROG != L_DISPLAY_WITH_XLI &&
        var_DISPLAY_PROG != L_DISPLAY_WITH_XV &&
        var_DISPLAY_PROG != L_DISPLAY_WITH_IV &&
        var_DISPLAY_PROG != L_DISPLAY_WITH_OPEN) {
        return ERROR_INT("no program chosen for display", procName, 1);
    }

        /* Display with three views if either spp = 4 or if colormapped
         * and the alpha component is not fully opaque */
    opaque = TRUE;
    if ((cmap = pixGetColormap(pixs)) != NULL)
        pixcmapIsOpaque(cmap, &opaque);
    spp = pixGetSpp(pixs);
    threeviews = (spp == 4 || !opaque) ? TRUE : FALSE;

        /* If colormapped and not opaque, remove the colormap to RGBA */
    if (!opaque)
        pix0 = pixRemoveColormap(pixs, REMOVE_CMAP_WITH_ALPHA);
    else
        pix0 = pixClone(pixs);

        /* Scale if necessary; this will also remove a colormap */
    pixGetDimensions(pix0, &w, &h, &d);
    maxheight = (threeviews) ? MAX_DISPLAY_HEIGHT / 3 : MAX_DISPLAY_HEIGHT;
    if (w <= MAX_DISPLAY_WIDTH && h <= maxheight) {
        if (d == 16)  /* take MSB */
            pix1 = pixConvert16To8(pix0, 1);
        else
            pix1 = pixClone(pix0);
    } else {
        ratw = (l_float32)MAX_DISPLAY_WIDTH / (l_float32)w;
        rath = (l_float32)maxheight / (l_float32)h;
        ratmin = L_MIN(ratw, rath);
        if (ratmin < 0.125 && d == 1)
            pix1 = pixScaleToGray8(pix0);
        else if (ratmin < 0.25 && d == 1)
            pix1 = pixScaleToGray4(pix0);
        else if (ratmin < 0.33 && d == 1)
            pix1 = pixScaleToGray3(pix0);
        else if (ratmin < 0.5 && d == 1)
            pix1 = pixScaleToGray2(pix0);
        else
            pix1 = pixScale(pix0, ratmin, ratmin);
    }
    pixDestroy(&pix0);
    if (!pix1)
        return ERROR_INT("pix1 not made", procName, 1);

        /* Generate the three views if required */
    if (threeviews)
        pix2 = pixDisplayLayersRGBA(pix1, 0xffffff00, 0);
    else
        pix2 = pixClone(pix1);

    if (index == 0) {
        lept_rmdir("disp");
        lept_mkdir("disp");
    }

    index++;
//.........这里部分代码省略.........

/*!
 *  pixSaveTiledOutline()
 *
 *      Input:  pixs (1, 2, 4, 8, 32 bpp)
 *              pixa (the pix are accumulated here)
 *              scalefactor (0.0 to disable; otherwise this is a scale factor)
 *              newrow (0 if placed on the same row as previous; 1 otherwise)
 *              space (horizontal and vertical spacing, in pixels)
 *              linewidth (width of added outline for image; 0 for no outline)
 *              dp (depth of pixa; 8 or 32 bpp; only used on first call)
 *      Return: 0 if OK, 1 on error.
 *
 *  Notes:
 *      (1) Before calling this function for the first time, use
 *          pixaCreate() to make the @pixa that will accumulate the pix.
 *          This is passed in each time pixSaveTiled() is called.
 *      (2) @scalefactor scales the input image.  After scaling and
 *          possible depth conversion, the image is saved in the input
 *          pixa, along with a box that specifies the location to
 *          place it when tiled later.  Disable saving the pix by
 *          setting @scalefactor == 0.0.
 *      (3) @newrow and @space specify the location of the new pix
 *          with respect to the last one(s) that were entered.
 *      (4) @dp specifies the depth at which all pix are saved.  It can
 *          be only 8 or 32 bpp.  Any colormap is removed.  This is only
 *          used at the first invocation.
 *      (5) This function uses two variables from call to call.
 *          If they were static, the function would not be .so or thread
 *          safe, and furthermore, there would be interference with two or
 *          more pixa accumulating images at a time.  Consequently,
 *          we use the first pix in the pixa to store and obtain both
 *          the depth and the current position of the bottom (one pixel
 *          below the lowest image raster line when laid out using
 *          the boxa).  The bottom variable is stored in the input format
 *          field, which is the only field available for storing an int.
 */
l_int32
pixSaveTiledOutline(PIX       *pixs,
                    PIXA      *pixa,
                    l_float32  scalefactor,
                    l_int32    newrow,
                    l_int32    space,
                    l_int32    linewidth,
                    l_int32    dp)
{
l_int32  n, top, left, bx, by, bw, w, h, depth, bottom;
BOX     *box;
PIX     *pix1, *pix2, *pix3, *pix4;

    PROCNAME("pixSaveTiledOutline");

    if (scalefactor == 0.0) return 0;

    if (!pixs)
        return ERROR_INT("pixs not defined", procName, 1);
    if (!pixa)
        return ERROR_INT("pixa not defined", procName, 1);

    n = pixaGetCount(pixa);
    if (n == 0) {
        bottom = 0;
        if (dp != 8 && dp != 32) {
            L_WARNING("dp not 8 or 32 bpp; using 32\n", procName);
            depth = 32;
        } else {
            depth = dp;
        }
    } else {  /* extract the depth and bottom params from the first pix */
        pix1 = pixaGetPix(pixa, 0, L_CLONE);
        depth = pixGetDepth(pix1);
        bottom = pixGetInputFormat(pix1);  /* not typical usage! */
        pixDestroy(&pix1);
    }

        /* Remove colormap if it exists; otherwise a copy.  This
         * guarantees that pix4 is not a clone of pixs. */
    pix1 = pixRemoveColormapGeneral(pixs, REMOVE_CMAP_BASED_ON_SRC, L_COPY);

        /* Scale and convert to output depth */
    if (scalefactor == 1.0) {
        pix2 = pixClone(pix1);
    } else if (scalefactor > 1.0) {
        pix2 = pixScale(pix1, scalefactor, scalefactor);
    } else if (scalefactor < 1.0) {
        if (pixGetDepth(pix1) == 1)
            pix2 = pixScaleToGray(pix1, scalefactor);
        else
            pix2 = pixScale(pix1, scalefactor, scalefactor);
    }
    pixDestroy(&pix1);
    if (depth == 8)
        pix3 = pixConvertTo8(pix2, 0);
    else
        pix3 = pixConvertTo32(pix2);
    pixDestroy(&pix2);

        /* Add black outline */
    if (linewidth > 0)
        pix4 = pixAddBorder(pix3, linewidth, 0);
    else
//.........这里部分代码省略.........

//.........这里部分代码省略.........
    pixDisplay(pixd, 600, 200);
    pixWrite("/tmp/filter.png", pixd, IFF_PNG);
    pixDestroy(&pixd);

        /* Get results for dilation */
    startTimer();
    pixt1 = pixDilateGray(pixs, 15, 15);
    t = stopTimer();
    fprintf(stderr, "Dilation time =  %7.3f sec\n", t);

        /* Get results for erosion */
    pixt2 = pixErodeGray(pixs, 15, 15);

        /* Get results using the rank filter for rank = 0.0 and 1.0.
         * Don't use 0.0 or 1.0, because those are dispatched
         * automatically to erosion and dilation! */
    pixt3 = pixRankFilterGray(pixs, 15, 15, 0.0001);
    pixt4 = pixRankFilterGray(pixs, 15, 15, 0.9999);

        /* Compare */
    pixEqual(pixt1, pixt4, &same);
    if (same)
        fprintf(stderr, "Correct: dilation results same as rank 1.0\n");
    else
        fprintf(stderr, "Error: dilation results differ from rank 1.0\n");
    pixEqual(pixt2, pixt3, &same);
    if (same)
        fprintf(stderr, "Correct: erosion results same as rank 0.0\n");
    else
        fprintf(stderr, "Error: erosion results differ from rank 0.0\n");
    pixDestroy(&pixt1);
    pixDestroy(&pixt2);
    pixDestroy(&pixt3);
    pixDestroy(&pixt4);

    fprintf(stderr, "\n----------------------------------------\n");
    fprintf(stderr, "The next part takes about 30 seconds\n");
    fprintf(stderr, "----------------------------------------\n\n");

    nax = numaMakeSequence(1, 1, SIZE);
    nay1 = numaCreate(SIZE);
    nay2 = numaCreate(SIZE);
    gplot = gplotCreate("/tmp/rankroot", GPLOT_X11, "sec/MPix vs filter size",
                        "size", "time");
    for (i = 1; i <= SIZE; i++) {
        t1 = t2 = 0.0;
        for (j = 0; j < 5; j++) {
            startTimer();
            pixt1 = pixRankFilterGray(pixs, i, SIZE + 1, 0.5);
            t1 += stopTimer();
            pixDestroy(&pixt1);
            startTimer();
            pixt1 = pixRankFilterGray(pixs, SIZE + 1, i, 0.5);
            t2 += stopTimer();
            if (j == 0)
                pixDisplayWrite(pixt1, 1);
            pixDestroy(&pixt1);
        }
        numaAddNumber(nay1, 1000000. * t1 / (5. * w * h));
        numaAddNumber(nay2, 1000000. * t2 / (5. * w * h));
    }
    gplotAddPlot(gplot, nax, nay1, GPLOT_LINES, "vertical");
    gplotAddPlot(gplot, nax, nay2, GPLOT_LINES, "horizontal");
    gplotMakeOutput(gplot);
    gplotDestroy(&gplot);

        /* Display tiled */
    pixa = pixaReadFiles("/tmp/display", "file");
    pixd = pixaDisplayTiledAndScaled(pixa, 8, 250, 5, 0, 25, 2);
    pixWrite("/tmp/tiles.jpg", pixd, IFF_JFIF_JPEG);
    pixDestroy(&pixd);
    pixaDestroy(&pixa);
    pixDestroy(&pixs);

    pixDisplayWrite(NULL, -1);  /* clear out */

    pixs = pixRead("test8.jpg");
    for (i = 1; i <= 4; i++) {
        pixt1 = pixScaleGrayRank2(pixs, i);
        pixDisplay(pixt1, 300 * (i - 1), 100);
        pixDestroy(&pixt1);
    }
    pixDestroy(&pixs);

    pixs = pixRead("test24.jpg");
    pixt1 = pixConvertRGBToLuminance(pixs);
    pixt2 = pixScale(pixt1, 1.5, 1.5);
    for (i = 1; i <= 4; i++) {
        for (j = 1; j <= 4; j++) {
            pixt3 = pixScaleGrayRankCascade(pixt2, i, j, 0, 0);
            pixDisplayWrite(pixt3, 1);
            pixDestroy(&pixt3);
        }
    }
    pixDestroy(&pixt1);
    pixDestroy(&pixt2);
    pixDestroy(&pixs);
    pixDisplayMultiple("/tmp/display/file*");
    return 0;
}

/*!
 *  pixaDisplayTiledAndScaled()
 *
 *      Input:  pixa
 *              outdepth (output depth: 1, 8 or 32 bpp)
 *              tilewidth (each pix is scaled to this width)
 *              ncols (number of tiles in each row)
 *              background (0 for white, 1 for black; this is the color
 *                 of the spacing between the images)
 *              spacing  (between images, and on outside)
 *              border (width of additional black border on each image;
 *                      use 0 for no border)
 *      Return: pix of tiled images, or null on error
 *
 *  Notes:
 *      (1) This can be used to tile a number of renderings of
 *          an image that are at different scales and depths.
 *      (2) Each image, after scaling and optionally adding the
 *          black border, has width 'tilewidth'.  Thus, the border does
 *          not affect the spacing between the image tiles.  The
 *          maximum allowed border width is tilewidth / 5.
 */
PIX *
pixaDisplayTiledAndScaled(PIXA    *pixa,
                          l_int32  outdepth,
                          l_int32  tilewidth,
                          l_int32  ncols,
                          l_int32  background,
                          l_int32  spacing,
                          l_int32  border)
{
l_int32    x, y, w, h, wd, hd, d;
l_int32    i, n, nrows, maxht, ninrow, irow, bordval;
l_int32   *rowht;
l_float32  scalefact;
PIX       *pix, *pixn, *pixt, *pixb, *pixd;
PIXA      *pixan;

    PROCNAME("pixaDisplayTiledAndScaled");

    if (!pixa)
        return (PIX *)ERROR_PTR("pixa not defined", procName, NULL);
    if (outdepth != 1 && outdepth != 8 && outdepth != 32)
        return (PIX *)ERROR_PTR("outdepth not in {1, 8, 32}", procName, NULL);
    if (border < 0 || border > tilewidth / 5)
        border = 0;
    
    if ((n = pixaGetCount(pixa)) == 0)
        return (PIX *)ERROR_PTR("no components", procName, NULL);

        /* Normalize scale and depth for each pix; optionally add border */
    pixan = pixaCreate(n);
    bordval = (outdepth == 1) ? 1 : 0;
    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        if ((pix = pixaGetPix(pixa, i, L_CLONE)) == NULL)
            continue;

        pixGetDimensions(pix, &w, &h, &d);
        scalefact = (l_float32)(tilewidth - 2 * border) / (l_float32)w;
        if (d == 1 && outdepth > 1 && scalefact < 1.0)
            pixt = pixScaleToGray(pix, scalefact);
        else
            pixt = pixScale(pix, scalefact, scalefact);

        if (outdepth == 1)
            pixn = pixConvertTo1(pixt, 128);
        else if (outdepth == 8)
            pixn = pixConvertTo8(pixt, FALSE);
        else  /* outdepth == 32 */
            pixn = pixConvertTo32(pixt);
        pixDestroy(&pixt);

        if (border)
            pixb = pixAddBorder(pixn, border, bordval);
        else
            pixb = pixClone(pixn);

        pixaAddPix(pixan, pixb, L_INSERT);
        pixDestroy(&pix);
        pixDestroy(&pixn);
    }
    if ((n = pixaGetCount(pixan)) == 0) { /* should not have changed! */
        pixaDestroy(&pixan);
        return (PIX *)ERROR_PTR("no components", procName, NULL);
    }

        /* Determine the size of each row and of pixd */
    wd = tilewidth * ncols + spacing * (ncols + 1);
    nrows = (n + ncols - 1) / ncols;
    if ((rowht = (l_int32 *)CALLOC(nrows, sizeof(l_int32))) == NULL)
        return (PIX *)ERROR_PTR("rowht array not made", procName, NULL);
    maxht = 0;
    ninrow = 0;
    irow = 0;
    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        pix = pixaGetPix(pixan, i, L_CLONE);
        ninrow++;
        pixGetDimensions(pix, &w, &h, NULL);
        maxht = L_MAX(h, maxht);
        if (ninrow == ncols) {
//.........这里部分代码省略.........

int main(int    argc,
         char **argv)
{
char          bufname[256];
l_int32       i, w, h;
l_float32    *mat1, *mat2, *mat3, *mat1i, *mat2i, *mat3i, *matdinv;
l_float32     matd[9], matdi[9];
BOXA         *boxa, *boxa2;
PIX          *pix, *pixs, *pixb, *pixg, *pixc, *pixcs;
PIX          *pixd, *pix1, *pix2, *pix3;
PIXA         *pixa;
PTA          *ptas, *ptad;
L_REGPARAMS  *rp;

    if (regTestSetup(argc, argv, &rp))
        return 1;

    pix = pixRead("feyn.tif");
    pixs = pixScale(pix, 0.22, 0.22);
    pixDestroy(&pix);

#if ALL
        /* Test invertability of sequential. */
    fprintf(stderr, "Test invertability of sequential\n");
    pixa = pixaCreate(0);
    for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
        pixb = pixAddBorder(pixs, ADDED_BORDER_PIXELS, 0);
        MakePtas(i, &ptas, &ptad);
        pix1 = pixAffineSequential(pixb, ptad, ptas, 0, 0);
        regTestWritePixAndCheck(rp, pix1, IFF_PNG);  /* 0,3,6 */
        pixaAddPix(pixa, pix1, L_INSERT);
        pix2 = pixAffineSequential(pix1, ptas, ptad, 0, 0);
        regTestWritePixAndCheck(rp, pix2, IFF_PNG);  /* 1,4,7 */
        pixaAddPix(pixa, pix2, L_INSERT);
        pixd = pixRemoveBorder(pix2, ADDED_BORDER_PIXELS);
        pixXor(pixd, pixd, pixs);
        regTestWritePixAndCheck(rp, pixd, IFF_PNG);  /* 2,5,8 */
        pixaAddPix(pixa, pixd, L_INSERT);
        pixDestroy(&pixb);
        ptaDestroy(&ptas);
        ptaDestroy(&ptad);
    }

    pix1 = pixaDisplayTiledInColumns(pixa, 3, 1.0, 20, 3);
    pix2 = pixScaleToGray(pix1, 0.2);
    regTestWritePixAndCheck(rp, pix2, IFF_PNG);  /* 9 */
    pixDisplayWithTitle(pix2, 0, 100, NULL, rp->display);
    pixDestroy(&pix1);
    pixDestroy(&pix2);
    pixaDestroy(&pixa);
#endif

#if ALL
        /* Test invertability of sampling */
    fprintf(stderr, "Test invertability of sampling\n");
    pixa = pixaCreate(0);
    for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
        pixb = pixAddBorder(pixs, ADDED_BORDER_PIXELS, 0);
        MakePtas(i, &ptas, &ptad);
        pix1 = pixAffineSampledPta(pixb, ptad, ptas, L_BRING_IN_WHITE);
        regTestWritePixAndCheck(rp, pix1, IFF_PNG);  /* 10,13,16 */
        pixaAddPix(pixa, pix1, L_INSERT);
        pix2 = pixAffineSampledPta(pix1, ptas, ptad, L_BRING_IN_WHITE);
        regTestWritePixAndCheck(rp, pix2, IFF_PNG);  /* 11,14,17 */
        pixaAddPix(pixa, pix2, L_INSERT);
        pixd = pixRemoveBorder(pix2, ADDED_BORDER_PIXELS);
        pixXor(pixd, pixd, pixs);
        regTestWritePixAndCheck(rp, pixd, IFF_PNG);  /* 12,15,18 */
        pixaAddPix(pixa, pixd, L_INSERT);
        pixDestroy(&pixb);
        ptaDestroy(&ptas);
        ptaDestroy(&ptad);
    }

    pix1 = pixaDisplayTiledInColumns(pixa, 3, 1.0, 20, 3);
    pix2 = pixScaleToGray(pix1, 0.2);
    regTestWritePixAndCheck(rp, pix2, IFF_PNG);  /* 19 */
    pixDisplayWithTitle(pix2, 200, 100, NULL, rp->display);
    pixDestroy(&pix1);
    pixDestroy(&pix2);
    pixDestroy(&pixs);
    pixaDestroy(&pixa);
#endif

#if ALL
        /* Test invertability of interpolation on grayscale */
    fprintf(stderr, "Test invertability of grayscale interpolation\n");
    pix = pixRead("feyn.tif");
    pixg = pixScaleToGray3(pix);
    pixDestroy(&pix);
    pixa = pixaCreate(0);
    for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
        pixb = pixAddBorder(pixg, ADDED_BORDER_PIXELS / 3, 255);
        MakePtas(i, &ptas, &ptad);
        pix1 = pixAffinePta(pixb, ptad, ptas, L_BRING_IN_WHITE);
        regTestWritePixAndCheck(rp, pix1, IFF_JFIF_JPEG);  /* 20,23,26 */
        pixaAddPix(pixa, pix1, L_INSERT);
        pix2 = pixAffinePta(pix1, ptas, ptad, L_BRING_IN_WHITE);
        regTestWritePixAndCheck(rp, pix2, IFF_JFIF_JPEG);  /* 21,24,27 */
        pixaAddPix(pixa, pix2, L_INSERT);
//.........这里部分代码省略.........

main(int    argc,
     char **argv)
{
    l_float32     scalefact;
    L_BMF        *bmf, *bmftop;
    L_KERNEL     *kel, *kelx, *kely;
    PIX          *pixs, *pixg, *pixt, *pixd;
    PIX          *pix1, *pix2, *pix3, *pix4, *pix5, *pix6, *pix7, *pix8;
    PIXA         *pixa;
    L_REGPARAMS  *rp;

    if (regTestSetup(argc, argv, &rp))
        return 1;

    /* ----------------- Test on 8 bpp grayscale ---------------------*/
    pixa = pixaCreate(5);
    bmf = bmfCreate("./fonts", 6);
    bmftop = bmfCreate("./fonts", 10);
    pixs = pixRead("lucasta-47.jpg");
    pixg = pixScale(pixs, 0.4, 0.4);  /* 8 bpp grayscale */
    pix1 = pixConvertTo32(pixg);  /* 32 bpp rgb */
    AddTextAndSave(pixa, pix1, 1, bmf, textstr[0], L_ADD_BELOW, 0xff000000);
    pix2 = pixConvertGrayToSubpixelRGB(pixs, 0.4, 0.4, L_SUBPIXEL_ORDER_RGB);
    AddTextAndSave(pixa, pix2, 0, bmf, textstr[1], L_ADD_BELOW, 0x00ff0000);
    pix3 = pixConvertGrayToSubpixelRGB(pixs, 0.4, 0.4, L_SUBPIXEL_ORDER_BGR);
    AddTextAndSave(pixa, pix3, 0, bmf, textstr[2], L_ADD_BELOW, 0x0000ff00);
    pix4 = pixConvertGrayToSubpixelRGB(pixs, 0.4, 0.4, L_SUBPIXEL_ORDER_VRGB);
    AddTextAndSave(pixa, pix4, 0, bmf, textstr[3], L_ADD_BELOW, 0x00ff0000);
    pix5 = pixConvertGrayToSubpixelRGB(pixs, 0.4, 0.4, L_SUBPIXEL_ORDER_VBGR);
    AddTextAndSave(pixa, pix5, 0, bmf, textstr[4], L_ADD_BELOW, 0x0000ff00);

    pixt = pixaDisplay(pixa, 0, 0);
    pixd = pixAddSingleTextblock(pixt, bmftop,
                                 "Regression test for subpixel scaling: gray",
                                 0xff00ff00, L_ADD_ABOVE, NULL);
    regTestWritePixAndCheck(rp, pixd, IFF_JFIF_JPEG);  /* 0 */
    pixDisplayWithTitle(pixd, 50, 50, NULL, rp->display);
    pixaDestroy(&pixa);
    pixDestroy(&pixs);
    pixDestroy(&pixg);
    pixDestroy(&pixt);
    pixDestroy(&pixd);
    pixDest