int main(int argc, char** argv) {
  const char* lang = "eng";
  const char* image = NULL;
  const char* outputbase = NULL;
  const char* datapath = NULL;
  bool list_langs = false;
  bool print_parameters = false;
  int arg_i = 1;
  tesseract::PageSegMode pagesegmode = tesseract::PSM_AUTO;
  tesseract::OcrEngineMode enginemode = tesseract::OEM_DEFAULT;
  /* main() calls functions like ParseArgs which call exit().
   * This results in memory leaks if vars_vec and vars_values are
   * declared as auto variables (destructor is not called then). */
  static GenericVector<STRING> vars_vec;
  static GenericVector<STRING> vars_values;

#if !defined(DEBUG)
  // Disable debugging and informational messages from Leptonica.
  setMsgSeverity(L_SEVERITY_WARNING);
#endif

#if defined(HAVE_TIFFIO_H) && defined(_WIN32)
  /* Show libtiff warnings on console (not in GUI). */
  TIFFSetWarningHandler(Win32WarningHandler);
#endif /* HAVE_TIFFIO_H &&  _WIN32 */

  ParseArgs(argc, argv, &lang, &image, &outputbase, &datapath, &list_langs,
            &print_parameters, &vars_vec, &vars_values, &arg_i, &pagesegmode,
            &enginemode);

  bool banner = false;
  if (outputbase != NULL && strcmp(outputbase, "-") &&
      strcmp(outputbase, "stdout")) {
    banner = true;
  }

  PERF_COUNT_START("Tesseract:main")
  tesseract::TessBaseAPI api;

  api.SetOutputName(outputbase);

  int init_failed = api.Init(datapath, lang, enginemode, &(argv[arg_i]),
                             argc - arg_i, &vars_vec, &vars_values, false);
  if (init_failed) {
    fprintf(stderr, "Could not initialize tesseract.\n");
    exit(1);
  }

  SetVariablesFromCLArgs(&api, argc, argv);

  if (list_langs) {
    PrintLangsList(&api);
    exit(0);
  }

  if (print_parameters) {
     FILE* fout = stdout;
     fprintf(stdout, "Tesseract parameters:\n");
     api.PrintVariables(fout);
     api.End();
     exit(0);
  }

  FixPageSegMode(&api, pagesegmode);

  if (pagesegmode == tesseract::PSM_AUTO_ONLY) {
    int ret_val = 0;

    Pix* pixs = pixRead(image);
    if (!pixs) {
      fprintf(stderr, "Cannot open input file: %s\n", image);
      exit(2);
    }

    api.SetImage(pixs);

    tesseract::Orientation orientation;
    tesseract::WritingDirection direction;
    tesseract::TextlineOrder order;
    float deskew_angle;

    tesseract::PageIterator* it = api.AnalyseLayout();
    if (it) {
      it->Orientation(&orientation, &direction, &order, &deskew_angle);
      tprintf(
          "Orientation: %d\nWritingDirection: %d\nTextlineOrder: %d\n"
          "Deskew angle: %.4f\n",
          orientation, direction, order, deskew_angle);
    } else {
      ret_val = 1;
    }

    delete it;

    pixDestroy(&pixs);
    exit(ret_val);
  }

  // set in_training_mode to true when using one of these configs:
  // ambigs.train, box.train, box.train.stderr, linebox, rebox
//.........这里部分代码省略.........

int main(int    argc,
         char **argv)
{
l_int32   i, j, sindex, wb, hb, ws, hs, delx, dely, x, y, y0;
PIX      *pixs, *pixb, *pix1, *pix2;
PIXA     *pixa;
PIXCMAP  *cmap;

    setLeptDebugOK(1);
    lept_mkdir("lept/blend");
    pixa = pixaCreate(0);

    pixs = pixRead("rabi.png");  /* blendee */
    pixb = pixRead("weasel4.11c.png");   /* blender */

        /* Fade the blender */
    pixcmapShiftIntensity(pixGetColormap(pixb), FADE_FRACTION);

        /* Downscale the input */
    wb = pixGetWidth(pixb);
    hb = pixGetHeight(pixb);
    pix1 = pixScaleToGray4(pixs);

        /* Threshold to 5 levels, 4 bpp */
    ws = pixGetWidth(pix1);
    hs = pixGetHeight(pix1);
    pix2 = pixThresholdTo4bpp(pix1, 5, 1);
    pixaAddPix(pixa, pix2, L_COPY);
    pixaAddPix(pixa, pixb, L_COPY);
    cmap = pixGetColormap(pix2);
    pixcmapWriteStream(stderr, cmap);

        /* Overwrite the white pixels (at sindex in pix2) */
    pixcmapGetIndex(cmap, 255, 255, 255, &sindex);

        /* Blend the weasel 20 times */
    delx = ws / NX;
    dely = hs / NY;
    for (i = 0; i < NY; i++) {
        y = 20 + i * dely;
        if (y >= hs + hb)
            continue;
        for (j = 0; j < NX; j++) {
            x = 30 + j * delx;
            y0 = y;
            if (j & 1) {
                y0 = y + dely / 2;
                if (y0 >= hs + hb)
                    continue;
            }
            if (x >= ws + wb)
                continue;
            pixBlendCmap(pix2, pixb, x, y0, sindex);
        }
    }

    pixaAddPix(pixa, pix2, L_COPY);
    cmap = pixGetColormap(pix2);
    pixcmapWriteStream(stderr, cmap);
    fprintf(stderr, "Writing to: /tmp/lept/blend/blendcmap.pdf\n");
    pixaConvertToPdf(pixa, 0, 1.0, L_FLATE_ENCODE, 0, "cmap-blendtest",
                     "/tmp/lept/blend/blendcmap.pdf");

    pixDestroy(&pixs);
    pixDestroy(&pixb);
    pixDestroy(&pix1);
    pixDestroy(&pix2);
    pixaDestroy(&pixa);
    return 0;
}

/**********************************************************************
 *  main()
 *
 **********************************************************************/
int main(int argc, char **argv) {
  const char* lang = "eng";
  const char* image = NULL;
  const char* outputbase = NULL;
  const char* datapath = NULL;
  bool list_langs = false;
  bool print_parameters = false;
  GenericVector<STRING> vars_vec, vars_values;
  int arg_i = 1;
  tesseract::PageSegMode pagesegmode = tesseract::PSM_AUTO;

  ParseArgs(argc, argv,
          &lang, &image, &outputbase, &datapath,
          &list_langs, &print_parameters,
          &vars_vec, &vars_values, &arg_i, &pagesegmode);

  bool banner = false;
  if (outputbase != NULL && strcmp(outputbase, "-") &&
      strcmp(outputbase, "stdout")) {
    banner = true;
  }

  PERF_COUNT_START("Tesseract:main")
  tesseract::TessBaseAPI api;

  api.SetOutputName(outputbase);

  int init_failed = api.Init(datapath, lang, tesseract::OEM_DEFAULT,
                &(argv[arg_i]), argc - arg_i, &vars_vec, &vars_values, false);
  if (init_failed) {
    fprintf(stderr, "Could not initialize tesseract.\n");
    exit(1);
  }

  SetVariablesFromCLArgs(&api, argc, argv);

  if (list_langs) {
     PrintLangsList(&api);
     exit(0);
  }

  if (print_parameters) {
     FILE* fout = stdout;
     fprintf(stdout, "Tesseract parameters:\n");
     api.PrintVariables(fout);
     api.End();
     exit(0);
  }

  FixPageSegMode(&api, pagesegmode);

  if (pagesegmode == tesseract::PSM_AUTO_ONLY) {
    int ret_val = 0;

    Pix* pixs = pixRead(image);
    if (!pixs) {
      fprintf(stderr, "Cannot open input file: %s\n", image);
      exit(2);
    }

    api.SetImage(pixs);

    tesseract::Orientation orientation;
    tesseract::WritingDirection direction;
    tesseract::TextlineOrder order;
    float deskew_angle;

    tesseract::PageIterator* it =  api.AnalyseLayout();
    if (it) {
      it->Orientation(&orientation, &direction, &order, &deskew_angle);
      tprintf("Orientation: %d\nWritingDirection: %d\nTextlineOrder: %d\n" \
             "Deskew angle: %.4f\n",
              orientation, direction, order, deskew_angle);
    } else {
      ret_val = 1;
    }

    delete it;

    pixDestroy(&pixs);
    exit(ret_val);
  }

  // set in_training_mode to true when using one of these configs:
  // ambigs.train, box.train, box.train.stderr, linebox, rebox
  bool b = false;
  bool in_training_mode =
        (api.GetBoolVariable("tessedit_ambigs_training", &b) && b) ||
        (api.GetBoolVariable("tessedit_resegment_from_boxes", &b) && b) ||
        (api.GetBoolVariable("tessedit_make_boxes_from_boxes", &b) && b);

  tesseract::PointerVector<tesseract::TessResultRenderer> renderers;



  if (in_training_mode) {
//.........这里部分代码省略.........

/*!
 * \brief   jbWordsInTextlines()
 *
 * \param[in]    dirin directory of input pages
 * \param[in]    reduction 1 for full res; 2 for half-res
 * \param[in]    maxwidth of word mask components, to be kept
 * \param[in]    maxheight of word mask components, to be kept
 * \param[in]    thresh on correlation; 0.80 is reasonable
 * \param[in]    weight for handling thick text; 0.6 is reasonable
 * \param[out]   pnatl numa with textline index for each component
 * \param[in]    firstpage 0-based
 * \param[in]    npages use 0 for all pages in dirin
 * \return  classer for the set of pages
 *
 * <pre>
 * Notes:
 *      (1) This is a high-level function.  See prog/jbwords for example
 *          of usage.
 *      (2) Typically, words can be found reasonably well at a resolution
 *          of about 150 ppi.  For highest accuracy, you should use 300 ppi.
 *          Assuming that the input images are 300 ppi, use reduction = 1
 *          for finding words at full res, and reduction = 2 for finding
 *          them at 150 ppi.
 * </pre>
 */
JBCLASSER *
jbWordsInTextlines(const char  *dirin,
                   l_int32      reduction,
                   l_int32      maxwidth,
                   l_int32      maxheight,
                   l_float32    thresh,
                   l_float32    weight,
                   NUMA       **pnatl,
                   l_int32      firstpage,
                   l_int32      npages)
{
char       *fname;
l_int32     nfiles, i, w, h;
BOXA       *boxa;
JBCLASSER  *classer;
NUMA       *nai, *natl;
PIX        *pix;
PIXA       *pixa;
SARRAY     *safiles;

    PROCNAME("jbWordsInTextlines");

    if (!pnatl)
        return (JBCLASSER *)ERROR_PTR("&natl not defined", procName, NULL);
    *pnatl = NULL;
    if (!dirin)
        return (JBCLASSER *)ERROR_PTR("dirin not defined", procName, NULL);
    if (reduction != 1 && reduction != 2)
        return (JBCLASSER *)ERROR_PTR("reduction not in {1,2}", procName, NULL);

    safiles = getSortedPathnamesInDirectory(dirin, NULL, firstpage, npages);
    nfiles = sarrayGetCount(safiles);

        /* Classify components */
    classer = jbCorrelationInit(JB_WORDS, maxwidth, maxheight, thresh, weight);
    classer->safiles = sarrayCopy(safiles);
    natl = numaCreate(0);
    *pnatl = natl;
    for (i = 0; i < nfiles; i++) {
        fname = sarrayGetString(safiles, i, L_NOCOPY);
        if ((pix = pixRead(fname)) == NULL) {
            L_WARNING("image file %d not read\n", procName, i);
            continue;
        }
        pixGetDimensions(pix, &w, &h, NULL);
        if (reduction == 1) {
            classer->w = w;
            classer->h = h;
        } else {  /* reduction == 2 */
            classer->w = w / 2;
            classer->h = h / 2;
        }
        pixGetWordsInTextlines(pix, reduction, JB_WORDS_MIN_WIDTH,
                               JB_WORDS_MIN_HEIGHT, maxwidth, maxheight,
                               &boxa, &pixa, &nai);
        jbAddPageComponents(classer, pix, boxa, pixa);
        numaJoin(natl, nai, 0, -1);
        pixDestroy(&pix);
        numaDestroy(&nai);
        boxaDestroy(&boxa);
        pixaDestroy(&pixa);
    }

    sarrayDestroy(&safiles);
    return classer;
}

main(int    argc,
char **argv)
{
l_float32     sum, sumx, sumy, diff;
L_DEWARP     *dew;
L_DEWARPA    *dewa;
FPIX         *fpixs, *fpixs2, *fpixs3, *fpixs4, *fpixg, *fpixd;
FPIX         *fpix1, *fpix2, *fpixt1, *fpixt2;
DPIX         *dpix, *dpix2;
L_KERNEL     *kel, *kelx, *kely;
PIX          *pixs, *pixs2, *pixs3, *pixt, *pixd, *pixg, *pixb, *pixn;
PIX          *pixt1, *pixt2, *pixt3, *pixt4, *pixt5, *pixt6;
PIXA         *pixa;
PTA          *ptas, *ptad;
L_REGPARAMS  *rp;

    if (regTestSetup(argc, argv, &rp))
        return 1;

    pixa = pixaCreate(0);

        /* Gaussian kernel */
    kel = makeGaussianKernel(5, 5, 3.0, 4.0);
    kernelGetSum(kel, &sum);
    if (rp->display) fprintf(stderr, "Sum for 2d gaussian kernel = %f\n", sum);
    pixt = kernelDisplayInPix(kel, 41, 2);
    regTestWritePixAndCheck(rp, pixt, IFF_PNG);  /* 0 */
    pixSaveTiled(pixt, pixa, 1, 1, 20, 8);
    pixDestroy(&pixt);

        /* Separable gaussian kernel */
    makeGaussianKernelSep(5, 5, 3.0, 4.0, &kelx, &kely);
    kernelGetSum(kelx, &sumx);
    if (rp->display) fprintf(stderr, "Sum for x gaussian kernel = %f\n", sumx);
    kernelGetSum(kely, &sumy);
    if (rp->display) fprintf(stderr, "Sum for y gaussian kernel = %f\n", sumy);
    if (rp->display) fprintf(stderr, "Sum for x * y gaussian kernel = %f\n",
                         sumx * sumy);
    pixt = kernelDisplayInPix(kelx, 41, 2);
    regTestWritePixAndCheck(rp, pixt, IFF_PNG);  /* 1 */
    pixSaveTiled(pixt, pixa, 1, 0, 20, 8);
    pixDestroy(&pixt);
    pixt = kernelDisplayInPix(kely, 41, 2);
    regTestWritePixAndCheck(rp, pixt, IFF_PNG);  /* 2 */
    pixSaveTiled(pixt, pixa, 1, 0, 20, 8);
    pixDestroy(&pixt);

        /* Use pixRasterop() to generate source image */
    pixs = pixRead("test8.jpg");
    pixs2 = pixRead("karen8.jpg");
    pixRasterop(pixs, 150, 125, 150, 100, PIX_SRC, pixs2, 75, 100);
    regTestWritePixAndCheck(rp, pixs, IFF_JFIF_JPEG);  /* 3 */

        /* Convolution directly with pix */
    pixt1 = pixConvolve(pixs, kel, 8, 1);
    regTestWritePixAndCheck(rp, pixt1, IFF_JFIF_JPEG);  /* 4 */
    pixSaveTiled(pixt1, pixa, 1, 1, 20, 8);
    pixt2 = pixConvolveSep(pixs, kelx, kely, 8, 1);
    regTestWritePixAndCheck(rp, pixt2, IFF_JFIF_JPEG);  /* 5 */
    pixSaveTiled(pixt2, pixa, 1, 0, 20, 8);

        /* Convolution indirectly with fpix, using fpixRasterop()
         * to generate the source image. */
    fpixs = pixConvertToFPix(pixs, 3);
    fpixs2 = pixConvertToFPix(pixs2, 3);
    fpixRasterop(fpixs, 150, 125, 150, 100, fpixs2, 75, 100);
    fpixt1 = fpixConvolve(fpixs, kel, 1);
    pixt3 = fpixConvertToPix(fpixt1, 8, L_CLIP_TO_ZERO, 1);
    regTestWritePixAndCheck(rp, pixt3, IFF_JFIF_JPEG);  /* 6 */
    pixSaveTiled(pixt3, pixa, 1, 1, 20, 8);
    fpixt2 = fpixConvolveSep(fpixs, kelx, kely, 1);
    pixt4 = fpixConvertToPix(fpixt2, 8, L_CLIP_TO_ZERO, 1);
    regTestWritePixAndCheck(rp, pixt4, IFF_JFIF_JPEG);  /* 7 */
    pixSaveTiled(pixt4, pixa, 1, 0, 20, 8);
    pixDestroy(&pixs2);
    fpixDestroy(&fpixs2);
    fpixDestroy(&fpixt1);
    fpixDestroy(&fpixt2);

        /* Comparison of results */
    pixCompareGray(pixt1, pixt2, L_COMPARE_ABS_DIFF, 0, NULL,
                   &diff, NULL, NULL);
    if (rp->display)
        fprintf(stderr, "Ave diff of pixConvolve and pixConvolveSep: %f\n",
                diff);
    pixCompareGray(pixt3, pixt4, L_COMPARE_ABS_DIFF, 0, NULL,
                   &diff, NULL, NULL);
    if (rp->display)
        fprintf(stderr, "Ave diff of fpixConvolve and fpixConvolveSep: %f\n",
                diff);
    pixCompareGray(pixt1, pixt3, L_COMPARE_ABS_DIFF, 0, NULL,
                   &diff, NULL, NULL);
    if (rp->display)
        fprintf(stderr, "Ave diff of pixConvolve and fpixConvolve: %f\n", diff);
    pixCompareGray(pixt2, pixt4, L_COMPARE_ABS_DIFF, GPLOT_PNG, NULL,
                   &diff, NULL, NULL);
    if (rp->display)
        fprintf(stderr, "Ave diff of pixConvolveSep and fpixConvolveSep: %f\n",
                diff);
    pixDestroy(&pixt1);
//.........这里部分代码省略.........

int main(int    argc,
         char **argv)
{
char         label[512];
l_int32      rval, gval, bval, w, h, i, j, rwhite, gwhite, bwhite, count;
l_uint32     pixel;
GPLOT       *gplot1, *gplot2;
NUMA        *naseq, *na;
NUMAA       *naa1, *naa2;
PIX         *pixs, *pixt, *pixt0, *pixt1, *pixt2;
PIX         *pixr, *pixg, *pixb;
PIXA        *pixa;
PIXCMAP     *cmap;
static char  mainName[] = "colorspacetest";

    if (argc != 2)
        return ERROR_INT(" Syntax:  colorspacetest filein", mainName, 1);

    if ((pixs = pixRead(argv[1])) == NULL)
        return ERROR_INT("pixs not made", mainName, 1);

        /* Generate colors by sampling hue with max sat and value.
         * This was used to make the color strip 19-colors.png.  */
    pixa = pixaCreate(19);
    for (i = 0; i < 19; i++) {
        convertHSVToRGB((240 * i / 18), 255, 255, &rval, &gval, &bval);
        composeRGBPixel(rval, gval, bval, &pixel);
        pixt1 = pixCreate(50, 100, 32);
        pixSetAllArbitrary(pixt1, pixel);
        pixaAddPix(pixa, pixt1, L_INSERT);
    }
    pixt2 = pixaDisplayTiledInRows(pixa, 32, 1100, 1.0, 0, 0, 0);
    pixDisplayWrite(pixt2, 1);
    pixDestroy(&pixt2);
    pixaDestroy(&pixa);

        /* Colorspace conversion in rgb */
    pixDisplayWrite(pixs, 1);
    pixt = pixConvertRGBToHSV(NULL, pixs);
    pixDisplayWrite(pixt, 1);
    pixConvertHSVToRGB(pixt, pixt);
    pixDisplayWrite(pixt, 1);
    pixDestroy(&pixt);

        /* Colorspace conversion on a colormap */
    pixt = pixOctreeQuantNumColors(pixs, 25, 0);
    pixDisplayWrite(pixt, 1);
    cmap = pixGetColormap(pixt);
    pixcmapWriteStream(stderr, cmap);
    pixcmapConvertRGBToHSV(cmap);
    pixcmapWriteStream(stderr, cmap);
    pixDisplayWrite(pixt, 1);
    pixcmapConvertHSVToRGB(cmap);
    pixcmapWriteStream(stderr, cmap);
    pixDisplayWrite(pixt, 1);
    pixDestroy(&pixt);

        /* Color content extraction */
    pixColorContent(pixs, 0, 0, 0, 0, &pixr, &pixg, &pixb);
    pixDisplayWrite(pixr, 1);
    pixDisplayWrite(pixg, 1);
    pixDisplayWrite(pixb, 1);
    pixDestroy(&pixr);
    pixDestroy(&pixg);
    pixDestroy(&pixb);

        /* Color content measurement */
    pixa = pixaCreate(20);
    naseq = numaMakeSequence(100, 5, 20);
    naa1 = numaaCreate(6);
    naa2 = numaaCreate(6);
    for (i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
        na = numaCreate(20);
        numaaAddNuma(naa1, na, L_COPY);
        numaaAddNuma(naa2, na, L_INSERT);
    }
    pixGetDimensions(pixs, &w, &h, NULL);
    for (i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
        rwhite = 100 + 5 * i;
        gwhite = 200 - 5 * i;
        bwhite = 150;
        pixt0 = pixGlobalNormRGB(NULL, pixs, rwhite, gwhite, bwhite, 255);
        pixaAddPix(pixa, pixt0, L_INSERT);
        pixt1 = pixColorMagnitude(pixs, rwhite, gwhite, bwhite,
                                  L_MAX_DIFF_FROM_AVERAGE_2);
        for (j = 0; j < 6; j++) {
            pixt2 = pixThresholdToBinary(pixt1, 30 + 10 * j);
            pixInvert(pixt2, pixt2);
            pixCountPixels(pixt2, &count, NULL);
            na = numaaGetNuma(naa1, j, L_CLONE);
            numaAddNumber(na, (l_float32)count / (l_float32)(w * h));
            numaDestroy(&na);
            pixDestroy(&pixt2);
        }
        pixDestroy(&pixt1);
        pixt1 = pixColorMagnitude(pixs, rwhite, gwhite, bwhite,
                                  L_MAX_MIN_DIFF_FROM_2);
        for (j = 0; j < 6; j++) {
            pixt2 = pixThresholdToBinary(pixt1, 30 + 10 * j);
            pixInvert(pixt2, pixt2);
//.........这里部分代码省略.........

/*!
 *  regTestCheckFile()
 *
 *      Input:  rp (regtest parameters)
 *              localname (name of output file from reg test)
 *      Return: 0 if OK, 1 on error (a failure in comparison is not an error)
 *
 *  Notes:
 *      (1) This function does one of three things, depending on the mode:
 *           * "generate": makes a "golden" file as a copy @localname.
 *           * "compare": compares @localname contents with the golden file
 *           * "display": makes the @localname file but does no comparison
 *      (2) The canonical format of the golden filenames is:
 *            /tmp/golden/<root of main name>_golden.<index>.<ext of localname>
 *          e.g.,
 *             /tmp/golden/maze_golden.0.png
 *          It is important to add an extension to the local name, because
 *          the extension is added to the name of the golden file.
 */
l_int32
regTestCheckFile(L_REGPARAMS  *rp,
                 const char   *localname)
{
char    *ext;
char     namebuf[256];
l_int32  ret, same, format;
PIX     *pix1, *pix2;

    PROCNAME("regTestCheckFile");

    if (!rp)
        return ERROR_INT("rp not defined", procName, 1);
    if (!localname) {
        rp->success = FALSE;
        return ERROR_INT("local name not defined", procName, 1);
    }
    if (rp->mode != L_REG_GENERATE && rp->mode != L_REG_COMPARE &&
        rp->mode != L_REG_DISPLAY) {
        rp->success = FALSE;
        return ERROR_INT("invalid mode", procName, 1);
    }
    rp->index++;

        /* If display mode, no generation and no testing */
    if (rp->mode == L_REG_DISPLAY) return 0;

        /* Generate the golden file name; used in 'generate' and 'compare' */
    splitPathAtExtension(localname, NULL, &ext);
    snprintf(namebuf, sizeof(namebuf), "/tmp/golden/%s_golden.%d%s",
             rp->testname, rp->index, ext);
    FREE(ext);

        /* Generate mode.  No testing. */
    if (rp->mode == L_REG_GENERATE) {
            /* Save the file as a golden file */
/*        fprintf(stderr, "%d: %s\n", rp->index, namebuf);  */
        ret = fileCopy(localname, namebuf);
        if (!ret)
            fprintf(stderr, "Copy: %s to %s\n", localname, namebuf);
        return ret;
    }

        /* Compare mode: test and record on failure.  GIF compression
         * is lossless for images with up to 8 bpp (but not for RGB
         * because it must generate a 256 color palette).  Although
         * the read/write cycle for GIF is idempotent in the image
         * pixels for bpp <= 8, it is not idempotent in the actual
         * file bytes.  Tests comparing file bytes before and after
         * a GIF read/write cycle will fail.  So for GIF we uncompress
         * the two images and compare the actual pixels.  From my tests,
         * PNG, in addition to being lossless, is idempotent in file
         * bytes on read/write, so comparing the pixels is not necessary.
         * (It also increases the regression test time by an an average
         * of about 8%.)  JPEG is lossy and not idempotent in the image
         * pixels, so no tests are constructed that would require it. */
    findFileFormat(localname, &format);
    if (format == IFF_GIF) {
        same = 0;
        pix1 = pixRead(localname);
        pix2 = pixRead(namebuf);
        pixEqual(pix1, pix2, &same);
        pixDestroy(&pix1);
        pixDestroy(&pix2);
    } else {
        filesAreIdentical(localname, namebuf, &same);
    }
    if (!same) {
        fprintf(rp->fp, "Failure in %s_reg, index %d: comparing %s with %s\n",
                rp->testname, rp->index, localname, namebuf);
        fprintf(stderr, "Failure in %s_reg, index %d: comparing %s with %s\n",
                rp->testname, rp->index, localname, namebuf);
        rp->success = FALSE;
    }

    return 0;
}

/*!
 *  ioFormatTest()
 *
 *      Input:  filename (input file)
 *      Return: 0 if OK; 1 on error or if the test fails
 *
 *  Notes:
 *      (1) This writes and reads a set of output files losslessly
 *          in different formats to /tmp/format/, and tests that the
 *          result before and after is unchanged.
 *      (2) This should work properly on input images of any depth,
 *          with and without colormaps.
 *      (3) All supported formats are tested for bmp, png, tiff and
 *          non-ascii pnm.  Ascii pnm also works (but who'd ever want
 *          to use it?)   We allow 2 bpp bmp, although it's not
 *          supported elsewhere.  And we don't support reading
 *          16 bpp png, although this can be turned on in pngio.c.
 *      (4) This silently skips png or tiff testing if HAVE_LIBPNG
 *          or HAVE_LIBTIFF are 0, respectively.
 */
l_int32
ioFormatTest(const char  *filename)
{
l_int32   d, equal, problems;
PIX      *pixs, *pixc, *pix1, *pix2;
PIXCMAP  *cmap;

    PROCNAME("ioFormatTest");

    if (!filename)
        return ERROR_INT("filename not defined", procName, 1);

    if ((pixs = pixRead(filename)) == NULL)
        return ERROR_INT("pixs not made", procName, 1);

    lept_mkdir("lept");

        /* Note that the reader automatically removes colormaps
         * from 1 bpp BMP images, but not from 8 bpp BMP images.
         * Therefore, if our 8 bpp image initially doesn't have a
         * colormap, we are going to need to remove it from any
         * pix read from a BMP file. */
    pixc = pixClone(pixs);  /* laziness */

        /* This does not test the alpha layer pixels, because most
         * formats don't support it.  Remove any alpha.  */
    if (pixGetSpp(pixc) == 4)
        pixSetSpp(pixc, 3);
    cmap = pixGetColormap(pixc);  /* colormap; can be NULL */
    d = pixGetDepth(pixc);

    problems = FALSE;

        /* ----------------------- BMP -------------------------- */

        /* BMP works for 1, 2, 4, 8 and 32 bpp images.
         * It always writes colormaps for 1 and 8 bpp, so we must
         * remove it after readback if the input image doesn't have
         * a colormap.  Although we can write/read 2 bpp BMP, nobody
         * else can read them! */
    if (d == 1 || d == 8) {
        L_INFO("write/read bmp\n", procName);
        pixWrite(FILE_BMP, pixc, IFF_BMP);
        pix1 = pixRead(FILE_BMP);
        if (!cmap)
            pix2 = pixRemoveColormap(pix1, REMOVE_CMAP_BASED_ON_SRC);
        else
            pix2 = pixClone(pix1);
        pixEqual(pixc, pix2, &equal);
        if (!equal) {
            L_INFO("   **** bad bmp image: d = %d ****\n", procName, d);
            problems = TRUE;
        }
        pixDestroy(&pix1);
        pixDestroy(&pix2);
    }

    if (d == 2 || d == 4 || d == 32) {
        L_INFO("write/read bmp\n", procName);
        pixWrite(FILE_BMP, pixc, IFF_BMP);
        pix1 = pixRead(FILE_BMP);
        pixEqual(pixc, pix1, &equal);
        if (!equal) {
            L_INFO("   **** bad bmp image: d = %d ****\n", procName, d);
            problems = TRUE;
        }
        pixDestroy(&pix1);
    }

        /* ----------------------- PNG -------------------------- */
#if HAVE_LIBPNG
        /* PNG works for all depths, but here, because we strip
         * 16 --> 8 bpp on reading, we don't test png for 16 bpp. */
    if (d != 16) {
        L_INFO("write/read png\n", procName);
        pixWrite(FILE_PNG, pixc, IFF_PNG);
        pix1 = pixRead(FILE_PNG);
        pixEqual(pixc, pix1, &equal);
        if (!equal) {
            L_INFO("   **** bad png image: d = %d ****\n", procName, d);
//.........这里部分代码省略.........

/*!
 *  pixReadHeader()
 *
 *      Input:  filename (with full pathname or in local directory)
 *              &format (<optional return> file format)
 *              &w, &h (<optional returns> width and height)
 *              &bps <optional return> bits/sample
 *              &spp <optional return> samples/pixel (1, 3 or 4)
 *              &iscmap (<optional return> 1 if cmap exists; 0 otherwise)
 *      Return: 0 if OK, 1 on error
 *
 *  Notes:
 *      (1) This reads the actual headers for jpeg, png, tiff and pnm.
 *          For bmp and gif, we cheat and read the entire file into a pix,
 *          from which we extract the "header" information.
 */
l_int32
pixReadHeader(const char  *filename,
              l_int32     *pformat,
              l_int32     *pw,
              l_int32     *ph,
              l_int32     *pbps,
              l_int32     *pspp,
              l_int32     *piscmap)
{
l_int32  format, ret, w, h, d, bps, spp, iscmap;
l_int32  type;  /* ignored */
FILE    *fp;
PIX     *pix;

    PROCNAME("pixReadHeader");

    if (pw) *pw = 0;
    if (ph) *ph = 0;
    if (pbps) *pbps = 0;
    if (pspp) *pspp = 0;
    if (piscmap) *piscmap = 0;
    if (pformat) *pformat = 0;
    iscmap = 0;  /* init to false */
    if (!filename)
        return ERROR_INT("filename not defined", procName, 1);

    if ((fp = fopenReadStream(filename)) == NULL)
        return ERROR_INT("image file not found", procName, 1);
    findFileFormatStream(fp, &format);
    fclose(fp);

    switch (format)
    {
    case IFF_BMP:  /* cheating: reading the entire file */
        if ((pix = pixRead(filename)) == NULL)
            return ERROR_INT( "bmp: pix not read", procName, 1);
        pixGetDimensions(pix, &w, &h, &d);
        if (pixGetColormap(pix))
            iscmap = 1;
        pixDestroy(&pix);
        bps = (d == 32) ? 8 : d;
        spp = (d == 32) ? 3 : 1;
        break;

    case IFF_JFIF_JPEG:
        ret = readHeaderJpeg(filename, &w, &h, &spp, NULL, NULL);
        bps = 8;
        if (ret)
            return ERROR_INT( "jpeg: no header info returned", procName, 1);
        break;

    case IFF_PNG:
        ret = readHeaderPng(filename, &w, &h, &bps, &spp, &iscmap);
        if (ret)
            return ERROR_INT( "png: no header info returned", procName, 1);
        break;

    case IFF_TIFF:
    case IFF_TIFF_PACKBITS:
    case IFF_TIFF_RLE:
    case IFF_TIFF_G3:
    case IFF_TIFF_G4:
    case IFF_TIFF_LZW:
    case IFF_TIFF_ZIP:
            /* Reading page 0 by default; possibly redefine format */
        ret = readHeaderTiff(filename, 0, &w, &h, &bps, &spp, NULL, &iscmap,
                             &format);
        if (ret)
            return ERROR_INT( "tiff: no header info returned", procName, 1);
        break;

    case IFF_PNM:
        ret = readHeaderPnm(filename, &w, &h, &d, &type, &bps, &spp);
        if (ret)
            return ERROR_INT( "pnm: no header info returned", procName, 1);
        break;

    case IFF_GIF:  /* cheating: reading the entire file */
        if ((pix = pixRead(filename)) == NULL)
            return ERROR_INT( "gif: pix not read", procName, 1);
        pixGetDimensions(pix, &w, &h, &d);
        pixDestroy(&pix);
        iscmap = 1;  /* always colormapped; max 256 colors */
        spp = 1;
//.........这里部分代码省略.........

int main(int    argc,
         char **argv)
{
l_int32      type, comptype, d1, d2, same, first, last;
l_float32    fract, diff, rmsdiff;
char        *filein1, *filein2, *fileout;
GPLOT       *gplot;
NUMA        *na1, *na2;
PIX         *pixs1, *pixs2, *pixd;
static char  mainName[] = "comparetest";

    if (argc != 5)
        return ERROR_INT(" Syntax:  comparetest filein1 filein2 type fileout",
                         mainName, 1);

    filein1 = argv[1];
    filein2 = argv[2];
    type = atoi(argv[3]);
    pixd = NULL;
    fileout = argv[4];
    l_pngSetReadStrip16To8(0);

    if ((pixs1 = pixRead(filein1)) == NULL)
        return ERROR_INT("pixs1 not made", mainName, 1);
    if ((pixs2 = pixRead(filein2)) == NULL)
        return ERROR_INT("pixs2 not made", mainName, 1);
    d1 = pixGetDepth(pixs1);
    d2 = pixGetDepth(pixs2);

    if (d1 == 1 && d2 == 1) {
        pixEqual(pixs1, pixs2, &same);
        if (same) {
            fprintf(stderr, "Images are identical\n");
            pixd = pixCreateTemplate(pixs1);  /* write empty pix for diff */
        }
        else {
            if (type == 0)
                comptype = L_COMPARE_XOR;
            else
                comptype = L_COMPARE_SUBTRACT;
            pixCompareBinary(pixs1, pixs2, comptype, &fract, &pixd);
            fprintf(stderr, "Fraction of different pixels: %10.6f\n", fract);
        }
        pixWrite(fileout, pixd, IFF_PNG);
    }
    else {
        if (type == 0)
            comptype = L_COMPARE_ABS_DIFF;
        else
            comptype = L_COMPARE_SUBTRACT;
        pixCompareGrayOrRGB(pixs1, pixs2, comptype, GPLOT_X11, &same, &diff,
                            &rmsdiff, &pixd);
        if (type == 0) {
            if (same)
                fprintf(stderr, "Images are identical\n");
            else {
                fprintf(stderr, "Images differ: <diff> = %10.6f\n", diff);
                fprintf(stderr, "               <rmsdiff> = %10.6f\n", rmsdiff);
            }
        }
        else {  /* subtraction */
            if (same)
                fprintf(stderr, "pixs2 strictly greater than pixs1\n");
            else {
                fprintf(stderr, "Images differ: <diff> = %10.6f\n", diff);
                fprintf(stderr, "               <rmsdiff> = %10.6f\n", rmsdiff);
            }
        }
        if (d1 != 16)
            pixWrite(fileout, pixd, IFF_JFIF_JPEG);
        else
            pixWrite(fileout, pixd, IFF_PNG);

        if (d1 != 16 && !same) {
            na1 = pixCompareRankDifference(pixs1, pixs2, 1);
            if (na1) {
                fprintf(stderr, "na1[150] = %20.10f\n", na1->array[150]);
                fprintf(stderr, "na1[200] = %20.10f\n", na1->array[200]);
                fprintf(stderr, "na1[250] = %20.10f\n", na1->array[250]);
                numaGetNonzeroRange(na1, 0.00005, &first, &last);
                fprintf(stderr, "Nonzero diff range: first = %d, last = %d\n",
                        first, last);
                na2 = numaClipToInterval(na1, first, last);
                gplot = gplotCreate("/tmp/junkrank", GPLOT_X11,
                                    "Pixel Rank Difference", "pixel val",
                                    "rank");
                gplotAddPlot(gplot, NULL, na2, GPLOT_LINES, "rank");
                gplotMakeOutput(gplot);
                gplotDestroy(&gplot);
                numaDestroy(&na1);
                numaDestroy(&na2);
            }
        }
    }

    pixDestroy(&pixs1);
    pixDestroy(&pixs2);
    pixDestroy(&pixd);
    return 0;
}

int main(int argc,
         char **argv) {
    l_int32 w, h, x, y, i, n;
    l_float32 *vc;
    PIX *pix1, *pix2, *pix3, *pix4, *pix5;
    PIXA *pixas, *pixa;
    L_REGPARAMS *rp;

    if (regTestSetup(argc, argv, &rp))
        return 1;

    pixas = pixaCreate(11);
    for (i = 0; i < 10; i++) {  /* this preserves any alpha */
        pix1 = pixRead(fnames[i]);
        pix2 = pixScaleBySamplingToSize(pix1, 250, 150);
        pixaAddPix(pixas, pix2, L_INSERT);
        pixDestroy(&pix1);
    }

    /* Add a transparent grid over the rgb image */
    pix1 = pixaGetPix(pixas, 8, L_COPY);
    pixGetDimensions(pix1, &w, &h, NULL);
    pix2 = pixCreate(w, h, 1);
    for (i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
        y = h * (i + 1) / 6;
        pixRenderLine(pix2, 0, y, w, y, 3, L_SET_PIXELS);
    }
    for (i = 0; i < 7; i++) {
        x = w * (i + 1) / 8;
        pixRenderLine(pix2, x, 0, x, h, 3, L_SET_PIXELS);
    }
    pix3 = pixConvertTo8(pix2, 0);  /* 1 --> 0 ==> transparent */
    pixSetRGBComponent(pix1, pix3, L_ALPHA_CHANNEL);
    pixaAddPix(pixas, pix1, L_INSERT);
    n = pixaGetCount(pixas);
    pixDestroy(&pix2);
    pixDestroy(&pix3);

#if DO_ALL
    /* Display with and without removing alpha with white bg */
    pix1 = pixaDisplayTiledInRows(pixas, 32, 1200, 1.0, 0, 25, 2);
    regTestWritePixAndCheck(rp, pix1, IFF_PNG);  /* 0 */
    pixDisplayWithTitle(pix1, 0, 0, NULL, rp->display);
    pixDestroy(&pix1);
    pixa = pixaCreate(n);
    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        pix1 = pixaGetPix(pixas, i, L_COPY);
        pix2 = pixRemoveAlpha(pix1);
        pixaAddPix(pixa, pix2, L_INSERT);
        pixDestroy(&pix1);
    }
    pix1 = pixaDisplayTiledInRows(pixa, 32, 1200, 1.0, 0, 25, 2);
    regTestWritePixAndCheck(rp, pix1, IFF_PNG);  /* 1 */
    pixDisplayWithTitle(pix1, 200, 0, NULL, rp->display);
    pixDestroy(&pix1);
    pixaDestroy(&pixa);
#endif

#if DO_ALL
    /* Setting to gray */
    pixa = pixaCreate(n);
    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        pix1 = pixaGetPix(pixas, i, L_COPY);
        pixSetAllGray(pix1, 170);
        pix2 = pixRemoveAlpha(pix1);
        pixaAddPix(pixa, pix2, L_INSERT);
        pixDestroy(&pix1);
    }
    pix1 = pixaDisplayTiledInRows(pixa, 32, 1200, 1.0, 0, 25, 2);
    regTestWritePixAndCheck(rp, pix1, IFF_PNG);  /* 2 */
    pixDisplayWithTitle(pix1, 400, 0, NULL, rp->display);
    pixDestroy(&pix1);
    pixaDestroy(&pixa);
#endif

#if DO_ALL
    /* General scaling */
    pixa = pixaCreate(n);
    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        pix1 = pixaGetPix(pixas, i, L_COPY);
        pix2 = pixScaleToSize(pix1, 350, 650);
        pix3 = pixScaleToSize(pix2, 200, 200);
        pix4 = pixRemoveAlpha(pix3);
        pixaAddPix(pixa, pix4, L_INSERT);
        pixDestroy(&pix1);
        pixDestroy(&pix2);
        pixDestroy(&pix3);
    }
    pix1 = pixaDisplayTiledInRows(pixa, 32, 1200, 1.0, 0, 25, 2);
    regTestWritePixAndCheck(rp, pix1, IFF_PNG);  /* 3 */
    pixDisplayWithTitle(pix1, 600, 0, NULL, rp->display);
    pixDestroy(&pix1);
    pixaDestroy(&pixa);
#endif

#if DO_ALL
    /* Scaling by sampling */
    pixa = pixaCreate(n);
    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        pix1 = pixaGetPix(pixas, i, L_COPY);
//.........这里部分代码省略.........

int main(int    argc,
         char **argv)
{
l_int32       i, w, h;
PIX          *pix0, *pix1, *pix2, *pix3, *pix4, *pix5;
PIXA         *pixa;
L_REGPARAMS  *rp;

    if (regTestSetup(argc, argv, &rp))
        return 1;

    pixa = pixaCreate(0);

        /* Blending on a light image */
    pix1 = pixRead("fish24.jpg");
    pixGetDimensions(pix1, &w, &h, NULL);
    for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
        pix2 = pixRead(blenders[i]);
        if (i == 2) {
            pix3 = pixScale(pix2, 0.5, 0.5);
            pixDestroy(&pix2);
            pix2 = pix3;
        }
        pix3 = pixAddAlphaToBlend(pix2, 0.3, 0);
        pix4 = pixMirroredTiling(pix3, w, h);
        pix5 = pixBlendWithGrayMask(pix1, pix4, NULL, 0, 0);
        pixaAddPix(pixa, pix5, L_INSERT);
        regTestWritePixAndCheck(rp, pix5, IFF_JFIF_JPEG);  /* 0 - 2 */
        pixDisplayWithTitle(pix5, 200 * i, 0, NULL, rp->display);
        pixDestroy(&pix2);
        pixDestroy(&pix3);
        pixDestroy(&pix4);
    }
    pixDestroy(&pix1);

        /* Blending on a dark image */
    pix0 = pixRead("karen8.jpg");
    pix1 = pixScale(pix0, 2.0, 2.0);
    pixGetDimensions(pix1, &w, &h, NULL);
    for (i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
        pix2 = pixRead(blenders[i]);
        pix3 = pixAddAlphaToBlend(pix2, 0.3, 1);
        pix4 = pixMirroredTiling(pix3, w, h);
        pix5 = pixBlendWithGrayMask(pix1, pix4, NULL, 0, 0);
        pixaAddPix(pixa, pix5, L_INSERT);
        regTestWritePixAndCheck(rp, pix5, IFF_JFIF_JPEG);  /* 3 - 4 */
        pixDisplayWithTitle(pix5, 600 + 200 * i, 0, NULL, rp->display);
        pixDestroy(&pix2);
        pixDestroy(&pix3);
        pixDestroy(&pix4);
    }

    pixaConvertToPdf(pixa, 100, 1.0, L_JPEG_ENCODE, 0,
                     "Blendings: blend4_reg", "/tmp/blend.pdf");
    L_INFO("Output pdf: /tmp/blend.pdf\n", rp->testname);
    pixDestroy(&pix0);
    pixDestroy(&pix1);
    pixaDestroy(&pixa);

    return regTestCleanup(rp);
}

/*
 *  convertToPSEmbed()
 *
 *      Input:  filein (input image file -- any format)
 *              fileout (output ps file)
 *              level (compression: 1 (uncompressed), 2 or 3)
 *      Return: 0 if OK, 1 on error
 *
 *  Notes:
 *      (1) This is a wrapper function that generates a PS file with
 *          a bounding box, from any input image file.
 *      (2) Do the best job of compression given the specified level.
 *          @level=3 does flate compression on anything that is not
 *          tiffg4 (1 bpp) or jpeg (8 bpp or rgb).
 *      (3) If @level=2 and the file is not tiffg4 or jpeg, it will
 *          first be written to file as jpeg with quality = 75.
 *          This will remove the colormap and cause some degradation
 *          in the image.
 *      (4) The bounding box is required when a program such as TeX
 *          (through epsf) places and rescales the image.  It is
 *          sized for fitting the image to an 8.5 x 11.0 inch page.
 */
l_int32
convertToPSEmbed(const char  *filein,
                 const char  *fileout,
                 l_int32      level)
{
const char  nametif[] = "/tmp/junk_convert_ps_embed.tif";
const char  namejpg[] = "/tmp/junk_convert_ps_embed.jpg";
l_int32     d, format;
FILE       *fp;
PIX        *pix, *pixs;

    PROCNAME("convertToPSEmbed");

    if (!filein)
        return ERROR_INT("filein not defined", procName, 1);
    if (!fileout)
        return ERROR_INT("fileout not defined", procName, 1);
    if (level != 1 && level != 2 && level != 3) {
        L_ERROR("invalid level specified; using level 2", procName);
        level = 2;
    }

    if (level == 1) {  /* no compression */
        pixWritePSEmbed(filein, fileout);
        return 0;
    }

        /* Find the format and write out directly if in jpeg or tiff g4 */
    if ((fp = fopen(filein, "rb")) == NULL)
        return ERROR_INT("filein not found", procName, 1);
    findFileFormat(fp, &format);
    fclose(fp);
    if (format == IFF_JFIF_JPEG) {
        convertJpegToPSEmbed(filein, fileout);
        return 0;
    }
    else if (format == IFF_TIFF_G4) {
        convertTiffG4ToPSEmbed(filein, fileout);
        return 0;
    }

        /* If level 3, flate encode. */
    if (level == 3) {
        convertFlateToPSEmbed(filein, fileout);
        return 0;
    }

        /* OK, it's level 2, so we must convert to jpeg or tiff g4 */
    if ((pixs = pixRead(filein)) == NULL)
        return ERROR_INT("image not read from file", procName, 1);
    d = pixGetDepth(pixs);
    if ((d == 2 || d == 4) && !pixGetColormap(pixs))
        pix = pixConvertTo8(pixs, 0);
    else if (d == 16)
        pix = pixConvert16To8(pixs, 1);
    else
        pix = pixRemoveColormap(pixs, REMOVE_CMAP_BASED_ON_SRC);

    d = pixGetDepth(pix);
    if (d == 1) {
        pixWrite(nametif, pix, IFF_TIFF_G4);
        convertTiffG4ToPSEmbed(nametif, fileout);
    }
    else {
        pixWrite(namejpg, pix, IFF_JFIF_JPEG);
        convertJpegToPSEmbed(namejpg, fileout);
    }

    pixDestroy(&pix);
    pixDestroy(&pixs);
    return 0;
}

int main(int argc,
         char **argv) {
    l_int32 i, w, h, d, rotflag;
    PIX *pixs, *pixt, *pixd;
    l_float32 angle, deg2rad, pops, ang;
    char *filein, *fileout;
    static char mainName[] = "rotatetest1";

    if (argc != 4)
        return ERROR_INT(" Syntax:  rotatetest1 filein angle fileout",
                         mainName, 1);

    filein = argv[1];
    angle = atof(argv[2]);
    fileout = argv[3];
    deg2rad = 3.1415926535 / 180.;

    if ((pixs = pixRead(filein)) == NULL)
        return ERROR_INT("pix not made", mainName, 1);
    if (pixGetDepth(pixs) == 1) {
        pixt = pixScaleToGray3(pixs);
        pixDestroy(&pixs);
        pixs = pixAddBorderGeneral(pixt, 1, 0, 1, 0, 255);
        pixDestroy(&pixt);
    }

    pixGetDimensions(pixs, &w, &h, &d);
    fprintf(stderr, "w = %d, h = %d\n", w, h);

#if 0
    /* repertory of rotation operations to choose from */
pixd = pixRotateAM(pixs, deg2rad * angle, L_BRING_IN_WHITE);
pixd = pixRotateAMColor(pixs, deg2rad * angle, 0xffffff00);
pixd = pixRotateAMColorFast(pixs, deg2rad * angle, 255);
pixd = pixRotateAMCorner(pixs, deg2rad * angle, L_BRING_IN_WHITE);
pixd = pixRotateShear(pixs, w /2, h / 2, deg2rad * angle,
                      L_BRING_IN_WHITE);
pixd = pixRotate3Shear(pixs, w /2, h / 2, deg2rad * angle,
                       L_BRING_IN_WHITE);
pixRotateShearIP(pixs, w / 2, h / 2, deg2r