int main(int argc,
         char **argv) {
    char buf[32];
    char *filein, *fileout, *fontdir, *textstr;
    l_int32 n, i, maxdepth, ntext, border, lossless, display, showtext;
    l_float32 scalefact;
    L_BMF *bmf;
    PIX *pix1, *pix2, *pix3, *pix4, *pixd;
    PIXA *pixa, *pixad;
    static char mainName[] = "displaypixa";

    if (argc != 3 && argc != 4 && argc != 7 && argc != 8) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Syntax error in displaypixa:\n"
                "   displaypixa filein fileout [showtext]\n"
                "   displaypixa filein scalefact border"
                " lossless disp fileout [showtext]\n");
        return 1;
    }

    filein = argv[1];
    if ((pixa = pixaRead(filein)) == NULL)
        return ERROR_INT("pixa not made", mainName, 1);
    pixaCountText(pixa, &ntext);

    if (argc == 3 || argc == 4)
        fileout = argv[2];
    if (argc == 4)
        showtext = atoi(argv[3]);

    /* Simple specification; no output text */
    if (argc == 3 ||
        (argc == 4 && (ntext == 0 || showtext == 0))) {  /* no text output */
        pixaVerifyDepth(pixa, &maxdepth);
        pixd = pixaDisplayTiledInRows(pixa, maxdepth, 1400, 1.0, 0, 10, 0);
        pixDisplay(pixd, 100, 100);
        if (pixGetDepth(pixd) == 1)
            pixWrite(fileout, pixd, IFF_PNG);
        else
            pixWrite(fileout, pixd, IFF_JFIF_JPEG);
        pixDestroy(&pixd);
        pixaDestroy(&pixa);
        return 0;
    }

    /* Simple specification with output text */
    if (argc == 4) {  /* showtext == 1 && ntext > 0 */
        n = pixaGetCount(pixa);
        bmf = bmfCreate(NULL, 6);
        pixad = pixaCreate(n);
        for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            pix1 = pixaGetPix(pixa, i, L_CLONE);
            pix2 = pixConvertTo32(pix1);
            pix3 = pixAddBorderGeneral(pix2, 10, 10, 5, 5, 0xffffff00);
            textstr = pixGetText(pix1);
            if (textstr && strlen(textstr) > 0) {
                snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s", textstr);
                pix4 = pixAddSingleTextblock(pix3, bmf, buf, 0xff000000,
                                             L_ADD_BELOW, NULL);
            } else {
                pix4 = pixClone(pix3);
            }
            pixaAddPix(pixad, pix4, L_INSERT);
            pixDestroy(&pix1);
            pixDestroy(&pix2);
            pixDestroy(&pix3);
        }
        bmfDestroy(&bmf);
        pixaVerifyDepth(pixad, &maxdepth);
        pixd = pixaDisplayTiledInRows(pixad, maxdepth, 1400, 1.0, 0, 10, 0);
        pixDisplay(pixd, 100, 100);
        if (pixGetDepth(pixd) == 1)
            pixWrite(fileout, pixd, IFF_PNG);
        else
            pixWrite(fileout, pixd, IFF_JFIF_JPEG);
        pixDestroy(&pixd);
        pixaDestroy(&pixa);
        pixaDestroy(&pixad);
        return 0;
    }

    /* Full specification */
    scalefact = atof(argv[2]);
    border = atoi(argv[3]);
    lossless = atoi(argv[4]);
    display = atoi(argv[5]);
    fileout = argv[6];
    showtext = (argc == 8) ? atoi(argv[7]) : 0;
    if (showtext && ntext == 0)
        L_INFO("No text found in any of the pix\n", mainName);
    bmf = (showtext && ntext > 0) ? bmfCreate(NULL, 6) : NULL;
    n = pixaGetCount(pixa);
    pixad = pixaCreate(n);
    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        pix1 = pixaGetPix(pixa, i, L_CLONE);
        pix2 = pixConvertTo32(pix1);
        pix3 = pixAddBorderGeneral(pix2, 10, 10, 5, 5, 0xffffff00);
        textstr = pixGetText(pix1);
        if (bmf && textstr && strlen(textstr) > 0) {
            snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s", textstr);
            pix4 = pixAddSingleTextblock(pix3, bmf, buf, 0xff000000,
//.........这里部分代码省略.........

int main(int    argc,
         char **argv)
{
char        *filein, *fileout;
l_int32      ret;
l_float32    deg2rad;
l_float32    angle, conf, score;
PIX         *pix, *pixs, *pixd;
static char  mainName[] = "skewtest";

    if (argc != 3)
        return ERROR_INT(" Syntax:  skewtest filein fileout", mainName, 1);
    filein = argv[1];
    fileout = argv[2];

    setLeptDebugOK(1);
    pixd = NULL;
    deg2rad = 3.1415926535 / 180.;

    if ((pixs = pixRead(filein)) == NULL)
        return ERROR_INT("pixs not made", mainName, 1);

        /* Find the skew angle various ways */
    pix = pixConvertTo1(pixs, 130);
    pixWrite("/tmp/binarized.tif", pix, IFF_TIFF_G4);
    pixFindSkew(pix, &angle, &conf);
    fprintf(stderr, "pixFindSkew():\n"
                    "  conf = %5.3f, angle = %7.3f degrees\n", conf, angle);

    pixFindSkewSweepAndSearchScorePivot(pix, &angle, &conf, &score,
                                        SWEEP_REDUCTION2, SEARCH_REDUCTION,
                                        0.0, SWEEP_RANGE2, SWEEP_DELTA2,
                                        SEARCH_MIN_DELTA,
                                        L_SHEAR_ABOUT_CORNER);
    fprintf(stderr, "pixFind...Pivot(about corner):\n"
                    "  conf = %5.3f, angle = %7.3f degrees, score = %f\n",
            conf, angle, score);

    pixFindSkewSweepAndSearchScorePivot(pix, &angle, &conf, &score,
                                        SWEEP_REDUCTION2, SEARCH_REDUCTION,
                                        0.0, SWEEP_RANGE2, SWEEP_DELTA2,
                                        SEARCH_MIN_DELTA,
                                        L_SHEAR_ABOUT_CENTER);
    fprintf(stderr, "pixFind...Pivot(about center):\n"
                    "  conf = %5.3f, angle = %7.3f degrees, score = %f\n",
            conf, angle, score);

        /* Use top-level */
    pixd = pixDeskew(pixs, 0);
    pixWriteImpliedFormat(fileout, pixd, 0, 0);


#if 0
        /* Do it piecemeal; fails if outside the range */
    if (pixGetDepth(pixs) == 1) {
        pixd = pixDeskew(pix, DESKEW_REDUCTION);
        pixWrite(fileout, pixd, IFF_PNG);
    }
    else {
        ret = pixFindSkewSweepAndSearch(pix, &angle, &conf, SWEEP_REDUCTION2,
                                        SEARCH_REDUCTION, SWEEP_RANGE2,
                                        SWEEP_DELTA2, SEARCH_MIN_DELTA);
        if (ret)
            L_WARNING("skew angle not valid\n", mainName);
        else {
            fprintf(stderr, "conf = %5.3f, angle = %7.3f degrees\n",
                    conf, angle);
            if (conf > 2.5)
                pixd = pixRotate(pixs, angle * deg2rad, L_ROTATE_AREA_MAP,
                                 L_BRING_IN_WHITE, 0, 0);
            else
                pixd = pixClone(pixs);
            pixWrite(fileout, pixd, IFF_PNG);
            pixDestroy(&pixd);
        }
    }
#endif

    pixDestroy(&pixs);
    pixDestroy(&pix);
    pixDestroy(&pixd);
    return 0;
}

/*!
 *  pixRunlengthTransform()
 *
 *      Input:   pixs (1 bpp)
 *               color (0 for white runs, 1 for black runs)
 *               direction (L_HORIZONTAL_RUNS, L_VERTICAL_RUNS)
 *               depth (8 or 16 bpp)
 *      Return:  pixd (8 or 16 bpp), or null on error
 *
 *  Notes:
 *      (1) The dest Pix is 8 or 16 bpp, with the pixel values
 *          equal to the runlength in which it is a member.
 *          The length is clipped to the max pixel value if necessary.
 *      (2) The color determines if we're labelling white or black runs.
 *      (3) A pixel that is not a member of the chosen color gets
 *          value 0; it belongs to a run of length 0 of the
 *          chosen color.
 *      (4) To convert for maximum dynamic range, either linear or
 *          log, use pixMaxDynamicRange().
 */
PIX *
pixRunlengthTransform(PIX *pixs,
                      l_int32 color,
                      l_int32 direction,
                      l_int32 depth) {
    l_int32 i, j, w, h, wpld, bufsize, maxsize, n;
    l_int32 *start, *end, *buffer;
    l_uint32 *datad, *lined;
    PIX *pixt, *pixd;

    PROCNAME("pixRunlengthTransform");

    if (!pixs)
        return (PIX *) ERROR_PTR("pixs not defined", procName, NULL);
    if (pixGetDepth(pixs) != 1)
        return (PIX *) ERROR_PTR("pixs not 1 bpp", procName, NULL);
    if (depth != 8 && depth != 16)
        return (PIX *) ERROR_PTR("depth must be 8 or 16 bpp", procName, NULL);

    pixGetDimensions(pixs, &w, &h, NULL);
    if (direction == L_HORIZONTAL_RUNS)
        maxsize = 1 + w / 2;
    else if (direction == L_VERTICAL_RUNS)
        maxsize = 1 + h / 2;
    else
        return (PIX *) ERROR_PTR("invalid direction", procName, NULL);
    bufsize = L_MAX(w, h);

    if ((pixd = pixCreate(w, h, depth)) == NULL)
        return (PIX *) ERROR_PTR("pixd not made", procName, NULL);
    datad = pixGetData(pixd);
    wpld = pixGetWpl(pixd);

    if ((start = (l_int32 *) CALLOC(maxsize, sizeof(l_int32))) == NULL)
        return (PIX *) ERROR_PTR("start not made", procName, NULL);
    if ((end = (l_int32 *) CALLOC(maxsize, sizeof(l_int32))) == NULL)
        return (PIX *) ERROR_PTR("end not made", procName, NULL);
    if ((buffer = (l_int32 *) CALLOC(bufsize, sizeof(l_int32))) == NULL)
        return (PIX *) ERROR_PTR("buffer not made", procName, NULL);

    /* Use fg runs for evaluation */
    if (color == 0)
        pixt = pixInvert(NULL, pixs);
    else
        pixt = pixClone(pixs);

    if (direction == L_HORIZONTAL_RUNS) {
        for (i = 0; i < h; i++) {
            pixFindHorizontalRuns(pixt, i, start, end, &n);
            runlengthMembershipOnLine(buffer, w, depth, start, end, n);
            lined = datad + i * wpld;
            if (depth == 8) {
                for (j = 0; j < w; j++)
                    SET_DATA_BYTE(lined, j, buffer[j]);
            } else {  /* depth == 16 */
                for (j = 0; j < w; j++)
                    SET_DATA_TWO_BYTES(lined, j, buffer[j]);
            }
        }
    } else {  /* L_VERTICAL_RUNS */
        for (j = 0; j < w; j++) {
            pixFindVerticalRuns(pixt, j, start, end, &n);
            runlengthMembershipOnLine(buffer, h, depth, start, end, n);
            if (depth == 8) {
                for (i = 0; i < h; i++) {
                    lined = datad + i * wpld;
                    SET_DATA_BYTE(lined, j, buffer[i]);
                }
            } else {  /* depth == 16 */
                for (i = 0; i < h; i++) {
                    lined = datad + i * wpld;
                    SET_DATA_TWO_BYTES(lined, j, buffer[i]);
                }
            }
        }
    }

    pixDestroy(&pixt);
    FREE(start);
    FREE(end);
//.........这里部分代码省略.........

/*!
 *  pixGenerateSelRandom()
 *
 *      Input:  pix (1 bpp, typically small, to be used as a pattern)
 *              hitfract (fraction of allowable fg pixels that are hits)
 *              missfract (fraction of allowable bg pixels that are misses)
 *              distance (min distance from boundary pixel; use 0 for default)
 *              toppix (number of extra pixels of bg added above)
 *              botpix (number of extra pixels of bg added below)
 *              leftpix (number of extra pixels of bg added to left)
 *              rightpix (number of extra pixels of bg added to right)
 *              &pixe (<optional return> input pix expanded by extra pixels)
 *      Return: sel (hit-miss for input pattern), or null on error
 *
 *  Notes:
 *    (1) Either of hitfract and missfract can be zero.  If both are zero,
 *        the sel would be empty, and NULL is returned.
 *    (2) No elements are selected that are less than 'distance' pixels away
 *        from a boundary pixel of the same color.  This makes the
 *        match much more robust to edge noise.  Valid inputs of
 *        'distance' are 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4.  If distance is either 0 or
 *        greater than 4, we reset it to the default value.
 *    (3) The 4 numbers for adding rectangles of pixels outside the fg
 *        can be use if the pattern is expected to be surrounded by bg
 *        (white) pixels.  On the other hand, if the pattern may be near
 *        other fg (black) components on some sides, use 0 for those sides.
 *    (4) The input pix, as extended by the extra pixels on selected sides,
 *        can optionally be returned.  For debugging, call
 *        pixDisplayHitMissSel() to visualize the hit-miss sel superimposed
 *        on the generating bitmap.
 */
SEL *
pixGenerateSelRandom(PIX       *pixs,
                     l_float32  hitfract,
                     l_float32  missfract,
                     l_int32    distance,
                     l_int32    toppix,
                     l_int32    botpix,
                     l_int32    leftpix,
                     l_int32    rightpix,
                     PIX      **ppixe)
{
l_int32    ws, hs, w, h, x, y, i, j, thresh;
l_uint32   val;
PIX       *pixt1, *pixt2, *pixfg, *pixbg;
SEL       *seld, *sel;

    PROCNAME("pixGenerateSelRandom");

    if (ppixe) *ppixe = NULL;
    if (!pixs)
        return (SEL *)ERROR_PTR("pixs not defined", procName, NULL);
    if (pixGetDepth(pixs) != 1)
        return (SEL *)ERROR_PTR("pixs not 1 bpp", procName, NULL);
    if (hitfract <= 0.0 && missfract <= 0.0)
        return (SEL *)ERROR_PTR("no hits or misses", procName, NULL);
    if (hitfract > 1.0 || missfract > 1.0)
        return (SEL *)ERROR_PTR("fraction can't be > 1.0", procName, NULL);

    if (distance <= 0)
        distance = DEFAULT_DISTANCE_TO_BOUNDARY;
    if (distance > MAX_DISTANCE_TO_BOUNDARY) {
        L_WARNING("distance too large; setting to max value", procName);
        distance = MAX_DISTANCE_TO_BOUNDARY;
    }

        /* Locate the foreground */
    pixClipToForeground(pixs, &pixt1, NULL);
    if (!pixt1)
        return (SEL *)ERROR_PTR("pixt1 not made", procName, NULL);
    ws = pixGetWidth(pixt1);
    hs = pixGetHeight(pixt1);
    w = ws;
    h = hs;

        /* Crop out a region including the foreground, and add pixels
         * on sides depending on the side flags */
    if (toppix || botpix || leftpix || rightpix) {
        x = y = 0;
        if (toppix) {
            h += toppix;
            y = toppix;
        }
        if (botpix)
            h += botpix;
        if (leftpix) {
            w += leftpix;
            x = leftpix;
        }
        if (rightpix)
            w += rightpix;
        pixt2 = pixCreate(w, h, 1);
        pixRasterop(pixt2, x, y, ws, hs, PIX_SRC, pixt1, 0, 0);
    }
    else
        pixt2 = pixClone(pixt1);
    if (ppixe)
        *ppixe = pixClone(pixt2);
    pixDestroy(&pixt1);

//.........这里部分代码省略.........

//.........这里部分代码省略.........
 *          For this situation, the smoothing parameters are ignored.
 *      (5) The threshold values partition the image pixels into two classes:
 *          one whose values are less than the threshold and another
 *          whose values are greater than or equal to the threshold.
 *          This is the same use of 'threshold' as in pixThresholdToBinary().
 *      (6) The scorefract is the fraction of the maximum Otsu score, which
 *          is used to determine the range over which the histogram minimum
 *          is searched.  See numaSplitDistribution() for details on the
 *          underlying method of choosing a threshold.
 *      (7) This uses enables a modified version of the Otsu criterion for
 *          splitting the distribution of pixels in each tile into a
 *          fg and bg part.  The modification consists of searching for
 *          a minimum in the histogram over a range of pixel values where
 *          the Otsu score is within a defined fraction, @scorefract,
 *          of the max score.  To get the original Otsu algorithm, set
 *          @scorefract == 0.
 */
l_int32
pixOtsuAdaptiveThreshold(PIX       *pixs,
                         l_int32    sx,
                         l_int32    sy,
                         l_int32    smoothx,
                         l_int32    smoothy,
                         l_float32  scorefract,
                         PIX      **ppixth,
                         PIX      **ppixd)
{
l_int32     w, h, nx, ny, i, j, thresh;
l_uint32    val;
PIX        *pixt, *pixb, *pixthresh, *pixth, *pixd;
PIXTILING  *pt;

    PROCNAME("pixOtsuAdaptiveThreshold");

    if (!ppixth && !ppixd){
        return ERROR_INT("neither &pixth nor &pixd defined", procName, 1);
	    LOGE("neither &pixth nor &pixd defined");
	}
    if (ppixth) *ppixth = NULL;
    if (ppixd) *ppixd = NULL;
    if (!pixs || pixGetDepth(pixs) != 8){
        return ERROR_INT("pixs not defined or not 8 bpp", procName, 1);
		LOGE("pixs not defined or not 8 bpp");
	}
    if (sx < 16 || sy < 16){
        return ERROR_INT("sx and sy must be >= 16", procName, 1);
		LOGE("sx and sy must be >= 16");
	}
        /* Compute the threshold array for the tiles */
    pixGetDimensions(pixs, &w, &h, NULL);
    nx = L_MAX(1, w / sx);
    ny = L_MAX(1, h / sy);

    smoothx = L_MIN(smoothx, (nx - 1) / 2);
    smoothy = L_MIN(smoothy, (ny - 1) / 2);

    pt = pixTilingCreate(pixs, nx, ny, 0, 0, 0, 0);
    pixthresh = pixCreate(nx, ny, 8);
    for (i = 0; i < ny; i++) {
        for (j = 0; j < nx; j++) {
            pixt = pixTilingGetTile(pt, i, j);
            pixSplitDistributionFgBg(pixt, scorefract, 1, &thresh,
                                     NULL, NULL, 0);
            pixSetPixel(pixthresh, j, i, thresh);  /* see note (4) */
            pixDestroy(&pixt);
        }
    }

        /* Optionally smooth the threshold array */
    if (smoothx > 0 || smoothy > 0)
        pixth = pixBlockconv(pixthresh, smoothx, smoothy);
    else
        pixth = pixClone(pixthresh);
    pixDestroy(&pixthresh);

        /* Optionally apply the threshold array to binarize pixs */
    if (ppixd) {
        pixd = pixCreate(w, h, 1);
        for (i = 0; i < ny; i++) {
            for (j = 0; j < nx; j++) {
                pixt = pixTilingGetTile(pt, i, j);
                pixGetPixel(pixth, j, i, &val);
                pixb = pixThresholdToBinary(pixt, val);
                pixTilingPaintTile(pixd, i, j, pixb, pt);
                pixDestroy(&pixt);
                pixDestroy(&pixb);
            }
        }
        *ppixd = pixd;
    }

    if (ppixth)
        *ppixth = pixth;
    else
        pixDestroy(&pixth);

    pixTilingDestroy(&pt);

    return 0;
}

/*!
 * \brief   pixSaveTiledOutline()
 *
 * \param[in]    pixs 1, 2, 4, 8, 32 bpp
 * \param[in]    pixa the pix are accumulated here
 * \param[in]    scalefactor 0.0 to disable; otherwise this is a scale factor
 * \param[in]    newrow 0 if placed on the same row as previous; 1 otherwise
 * \param[in]    space horizontal and vertical spacing, in pixels
 * \param[in]    linewidth width of added outline for image; 0 for no outline
 * \param[in]    dp depth of pixa; 8 or 32 bpp; only used on first call
 * \return  0 if OK, 1 on error.
 *
 * <pre>
 * Notes:
 *      (1) Before calling this function for the first time, use
 *          pixaCreate() to make the %pixa that will accumulate the pix.
 *          This is passed in each time pixSaveTiled() is called.
 *      (2) %scalefactor scales the input image.  After scaling and
 *          possible depth conversion, the image is saved in the input
 *          pixa, along with a box that specifies the location to
 *          place it when tiled later.  Disable saving the pix by
 *          setting %scalefactor == 0.0.
 *      (3) %newrow and %space specify the location of the new pix
 *          with respect to the last one(s) that were entered.
 *      (4) %dp specifies the depth at which all pix are saved.  It can
 *          be only 8 or 32 bpp.  Any colormap is removed.  This is only
 *          used at the first invocation.
 *      (5) This function uses two variables from call to call.
 *          If they were static, the function would not be .so or thread
 *          safe, and furthermore, there would be interference with two or
 *          more pixa accumulating images at a time.  Consequently,
 *          we use the first pix in the pixa to store and obtain both
 *          the depth and the current position of the bottom (one pixel
 *          below the lowest image raster line when laid out using
 *          the boxa).  The bottom variable is stored in the input format
 *          field, which is the only field available for storing an int.
 * </pre>
 */
l_int32
pixSaveTiledOutline(PIX       *pixs,
                    PIXA      *pixa,
                    l_float32  scalefactor,
                    l_int32    newrow,
                    l_int32    space,
                    l_int32    linewidth,
                    l_int32    dp)
{
l_int32  n, top, left, bx, by, bw, w, h, depth, bottom;
BOX     *box;
PIX     *pix1, *pix2, *pix3, *pix4;

    PROCNAME("pixSaveTiledOutline");

    if (scalefactor == 0.0) return 0;

    if (!pixs)
        return ERROR_INT("pixs not defined", procName, 1);
    if (!pixa)
        return ERROR_INT("pixa not defined", procName, 1);

    n = pixaGetCount(pixa);
    if (n == 0) {
        bottom = 0;
        if (dp != 8 && dp != 32) {
            L_WARNING("dp not 8 or 32 bpp; using 32\n", procName);
            depth = 32;
        } else {
            depth = dp;
        }
    } else {  /* extract the depth and bottom params from the first pix */
        pix1 = pixaGetPix(pixa, 0, L_CLONE);
        depth = pixGetDepth(pix1);
        bottom = pixGetInputFormat(pix1);  /* not typical usage! */
        pixDestroy(&pix1);
    }

        /* Remove colormap if it exists; otherwise a copy.  This
         * guarantees that pix4 is not a clone of pixs. */
    pix1 = pixRemoveColormapGeneral(pixs, REMOVE_CMAP_BASED_ON_SRC, L_COPY);

        /* Scale and convert to output depth */
    if (scalefactor == 1.0) {
        pix2 = pixClone(pix1);
    } else if (scalefactor > 1.0) {
        pix2 = pixScale(pix1, scalefactor, scalefactor);
    } else if (scalefactor < 1.0) {
        if (pixGetDepth(pix1) == 1)
            pix2 = pixScaleToGray(pix1, scalefactor);
        else
            pix2 = pixScale(pix1, scalefactor, scalefactor);
    }
    pixDestroy(&pix1);
    if (depth == 8)
        pix3 = pixConvertTo8(pix2, 0);
    else
        pix3 = pixConvertTo32(pix2);
    pixDestroy(&pix2);

        /* Add black outline */
    if (linewidth > 0)
//.........这里部分代码省略.........

/*!
 *  dewarpShowResults()
 *
 *      Input:  dewa
 *              sarray (of indexed input images)
 *              boxa (crop boxes for input images; can be null)
 *              firstpage, lastpage
 *              fontdir (for text bitmap fonts)
 *              pdfout (filename)
 *      Return: 0 if OK, 1 on error
 *
 *  Notes:
 *      (1) This generates a pdf of image pairs (before, after) for
 *          the designated set of input pages.
 *      (2) If the boxa exists, its elements are aligned with numbers
 *          in the filenames in @sa.  It is used to crop the input images.
 *          It is assumed that the dewa was generated from the cropped
 *          images.  No undercropping is applied before rendering.
 */
l_int32
dewarpShowResults(L_DEWARPA   *dewa,
                  SARRAY      *sa,
                  BOXA        *boxa,
                  l_int32      firstpage,
                  l_int32      lastpage,
                  const char  *fontdir,
                  const char  *pdfout)
{
char       bufstr[256];
char      *outpath;
l_int32    i, modelpage;
L_BMF     *bmf;
BOX       *box;
L_DEWARP  *dew;
PIX       *pixs, *pixc, *pixd, *pixt1, *pixt2;
PIXA      *pixa;

    PROCNAME("dewarpShowResults");

    if (!dewa)
        return ERROR_INT("dewa not defined", procName, 1);
    if (!sa)
        return ERROR_INT("sa not defined", procName, 1);
    if (!pdfout)
        return ERROR_INT("pdfout not defined", procName, 1);
    if (firstpage > lastpage)
        return ERROR_INT("invalid first/last page numbers", procName, 1);

    lept_rmdir("dewarp_pdfout");
    lept_mkdir("dewarp_pdfout");
    if ((bmf = bmfCreate(fontdir, 6)) == NULL)
        L_ERROR("bmf not made; page info not displayed", procName);

    fprintf(stderr, "Dewarping and generating s/by/s view\n");
    for (i = firstpage; i <= lastpage; i++) {
        if (i && (i % 10 == 0)) fprintf(stderr, ".. %d ", i);
        pixs = pixReadIndexed(sa, i);
        if (boxa) {
            box = boxaGetBox(boxa, i, L_CLONE);
            pixc = pixClipRectangle(pixs, box, NULL);
            boxDestroy(&box);
        }
        else
            pixc = pixClone(pixs);
        dew = dewarpaGetDewarp(dewa, i);
        pixd = NULL;
        if (dew) {
            dewarpaApplyDisparity(dewa, dew->pageno, pixc,
                                        GRAYIN_VALUE, 0, 0, &pixd, NULL);
            dewarpMinimize(dew);
        }
        pixa = pixaCreate(2);
        pixaAddPix(pixa, pixc, L_INSERT);
        if (pixd)
            pixaAddPix(pixa, pixd, L_INSERT);
        pixt1 = pixaDisplayTiledAndScaled(pixa, 32, 500, 2, 0, 35, 2);
        if (dew) {
            modelpage = (dew->hasref) ? dew->refpage : dew->pageno;
            snprintf(bufstr, sizeof(bufstr), "Page %d; using %d\n",
                     i, modelpage);
        }
        else
            snprintf(bufstr, sizeof(bufstr), "Page %d; no dewarp\n", i);
        pixt2 = pixAddSingleTextblock(pixt1, bmf, bufstr, 0x0000ff00,
                                      L_ADD_BELOW, 0);
        snprintf(bufstr, sizeof(bufstr), "/tmp/dewarp_pdfout/%05d", i);
        pixWrite(bufstr, pixt2, IFF_JFIF_JPEG);
        pixaDestroy(&pixa);
        pixDestroy(&pixs);
        pixDestroy(&pixt1);
        pixDestroy(&pixt2);
    }
    fprintf(stderr, "\n");

    fprintf(stderr, "Generating pdf of result\n");
    convertFilesToPdf("/tmp/dewarp_pdfout", NULL, 100, 1.0, L_JPEG_ENCODE,
                      0, "Dewarp sequence", pdfout);
    outpath = genPathname(pdfout, NULL);
    fprintf(stderr, "Output written to: %s\n", outpath);
    FREE(outpath);
//.........这里部分代码省略.........

/*!
 *  pixaDisplayTiledAndScaled()
 *
 *      Input:  pixa
 *              outdepth (output depth: 1, 8 or 32 bpp)
 *              tilewidth (each pix is scaled to this width)
 *              ncols (number of tiles in each row)
 *              background (0 for white, 1 for black; this is the color
 *                 of the spacing between the images)
 *              spacing  (between images, and on outside)
 *              border (width of additional black border on each image;
 *                      use 0 for no border)
 *      Return: pix of tiled images, or null on error
 *
 *  Notes:
 *      (1) This can be used to tile a number of renderings of
 *          an image that are at different scales and depths.
 *      (2) Each image, after scaling and optionally adding the
 *          black border, has width 'tilewidth'.  Thus, the border does
 *          not affect the spacing between the image tiles.  The
 *          maximum allowed border width is tilewidth / 5.
 */
PIX *
pixaDisplayTiledAndScaled(PIXA    *pixa,
                          l_int32  outdepth,
                          l_int32  tilewidth,
                          l_int32  ncols,
                          l_int32  background,
                          l_int32  spacing,
                          l_int32  border)
{
l_int32    x, y, w, h, wd, hd, d;
l_int32    i, n, nrows, maxht, ninrow, irow, bordval;
l_int32   *rowht;
l_float32  scalefact;
PIX       *pix, *pixn, *pixt, *pixb, *pixd;
PIXA      *pixan;

    PROCNAME("pixaDisplayTiledAndScaled");

    if (!pixa)
        return (PIX *)ERROR_PTR("pixa not defined", procName, NULL);
    if (outdepth != 1 && outdepth != 8 && outdepth != 32)
        return (PIX *)ERROR_PTR("outdepth not in {1, 8, 32}", procName, NULL);
    if (border < 0 || border > tilewidth / 5)
        border = 0;
    
    if ((n = pixaGetCount(pixa)) == 0)
        return (PIX *)ERROR_PTR("no components", procName, NULL);

        /* Normalize scale and depth for each pix; optionally add border */
    pixan = pixaCreate(n);
    bordval = (outdepth == 1) ? 1 : 0;
    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        if ((pix = pixaGetPix(pixa, i, L_CLONE)) == NULL)
            continue;

        pixGetDimensions(pix, &w, &h, &d);
        scalefact = (l_float32)(tilewidth - 2 * border) / (l_float32)w;
        if (d == 1 && outdepth > 1 && scalefact < 1.0)
            pixt = pixScaleToGray(pix, scalefact);
        else
            pixt = pixScale(pix, scalefact, scalefact);

        if (outdepth == 1)
            pixn = pixConvertTo1(pixt, 128);
        else if (outdepth == 8)
            pixn = pixConvertTo8(pixt, FALSE);
        else  /* outdepth == 32 */
            pixn = pixConvertTo32(pixt);
        pixDestroy(&pixt);

        if (border)
            pixb = pixAddBorder(pixn, border, bordval);
        else
            pixb = pixClone(pixn);

        pixaAddPix(pixan, pixb, L_INSERT);
        pixDestroy(&pix);
        pixDestroy(&pixn);
    }
    if ((n = pixaGetCount(pixan)) == 0) { /* should not have changed! */
        pixaDestroy(&pixan);
        return (PIX *)ERROR_PTR("no components", procName, NULL);
    }

        /* Determine the size of each row and of pixd */
    wd = tilewidth * ncols + spacing * (ncols + 1);
    nrows = (n + ncols - 1) / ncols;
    if ((rowht = (l_int32 *)CALLOC(nrows, sizeof(l_int32))) == NULL)
        return (PIX *)ERROR_PTR("rowht array not made", procName, NULL);
    maxht = 0;
    ninrow = 0;
    irow = 0;
    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        pix = pixaGetPix(pixan, i, L_CLONE);
        ninrow++;
        pixGetDimensions(pix, &w, &h, NULL);
        maxht = L_MAX(h, maxht);
        if (ninrow == ncols) {
//.........这里部分代码省略.........

/*!
 *  ioFormatTest()
 *
 *      Input:  filename (input file)
 *      Return: 0 if OK; 1 on error or if the test fails
 *
 *  Notes:
 *      (1) This writes and reads a set of output files losslessly
 *          in different formats to /tmp/format/, and tests that the
 *          result before and after is unchanged.
 *      (2) This should work properly on input images of any depth,
 *          with and without colormaps.
 *      (3) All supported formats are tested for bmp, png, tiff and
 *          non-ascii pnm.  Ascii pnm also works (but who'd ever want
 *          to use it?)   We allow 2 bpp bmp, although it's not
 *          supported elsewhere.  And we don't support reading
 *          16 bpp png, although this can be turned on in pngio.c.
 *      (4) This silently skips png or tiff testing if HAVE_LIBPNG
 *          or HAVE_LIBTIFF are 0, respectively.
 */
l_int32
ioFormatTest(const char  *filename)
{
l_int32   d, equal, problems;
PIX      *pixs, *pixc, *pix1, *pix2;
PIXCMAP  *cmap;

    PROCNAME("ioFormatTest");

    if (!filename)
        return ERROR_INT("filename not defined", procName, 1);

    if ((pixs = pixRead(filename)) == NULL)
        return ERROR_INT("pixs not made", procName, 1);

    lept_mkdir("lept");

        /* Note that the reader automatically removes colormaps
         * from 1 bpp BMP images, but not from 8 bpp BMP images.
         * Therefore, if our 8 bpp image initially doesn't have a
         * colormap, we are going to need to remove it from any
         * pix read from a BMP file. */
    pixc = pixClone(pixs);  /* laziness */

        /* This does not test the alpha layer pixels, because most
         * formats don't support it.  Remove any alpha.  */
    if (pixGetSpp(pixc) == 4)
        pixSetSpp(pixc, 3);
    cmap = pixGetColormap(pixc);  /* colormap; can be NULL */
    d = pixGetDepth(pixc);

    problems = FALSE;

        /* ----------------------- BMP -------------------------- */

        /* BMP works for 1, 2, 4, 8 and 32 bpp images.
         * It always writes colormaps for 1 and 8 bpp, so we must
         * remove it after readback if the input image doesn't have
         * a colormap.  Although we can write/read 2 bpp BMP, nobody
         * else can read them! */
    if (d == 1 || d == 8) {
        L_INFO("write/read bmp\n", procName);
        pixWrite(FILE_BMP, pixc, IFF_BMP);
        pix1 = pixRead(FILE_BMP);
        if (!cmap)
            pix2 = pixRemoveColormap(pix1, REMOVE_CMAP_BASED_ON_SRC);
        else
            pix2 = pixClone(pix1);
        pixEqual(pixc, pix2, &equal);
        if (!equal) {
            L_INFO("   **** bad bmp image: d = %d ****\n", procName, d);
            problems = TRUE;
        }
        pixDestroy(&pix1);
        pixDestroy(&pix2);
    }

    if (d == 2 || d == 4 || d == 32) {
        L_INFO("write/read bmp\n", procName);
        pixWrite(FILE_BMP, pixc, IFF_BMP);
        pix1 = pixRead(FILE_BMP);
        pixEqual(pixc, pix1, &equal);
        if (!equal) {
            L_INFO("   **** bad bmp image: d = %d ****\n", procName, d);
            problems = TRUE;
        }
        pixDestroy(&pix1);
    }

        /* ----------------------- PNG -------------------------- */
#if HAVE_LIBPNG
        /* PNG works for all depths, but here, because we strip
         * 16 --> 8 bpp on reading, we don't test png for 16 bpp. */
    if (d != 16) {
        L_INFO("write/read png\n", procName);
        pixWrite(FILE_PNG, pixc, IFF_PNG);
        pix1 = pixRead(FILE_PNG);
        pixEqual(pixc, pix1, &equal);
        if (!equal) {
            L_INFO("   **** bad png image: d = %d ****\n", procName, d);
//.........这里部分代码省略.........

/*!
 * \brief   jbWordsInTextlines()
 *
 * \param[in]    dirin directory of input pages
 * \param[in]    reduction 1 for full res; 2 for half-res
 * \param[in]    maxwidth of word mask components, to be kept
 * \param[in]    maxheight of word mask components, to be kept
 * \param[in]    thresh on correlation; 0.80 is reasonable
 * \param[in]    weight for handling thick text; 0.6 is reasonable
 * \param[out]   pnatl numa with textline index for each component
 * \param[in]    firstpage 0-based
 * \param[in]    npages use 0 for all pages in dirin
 * \return  classer for the set of pages
 *
 * <pre>
 * Notes:
 *      (1) This is a high-level function.  See prog/jbwords for example
 *          of usage.
 *      (2) Typically, use input of 75 - 150 ppi for finding words.
 * </pre>
 */
JBCLASSER *
jbWordsInTextlines(const char  *dirin,
                   l_int32      reduction,
                   l_int32      maxwidth,
                   l_int32      maxheight,
                   l_float32    thresh,
                   l_float32    weight,
                   NUMA       **pnatl,
                   l_int32      firstpage,
                   l_int32      npages)
{
char       *fname;
l_int32     nfiles, i, w, h;
BOXA       *boxa;
JBCLASSER  *classer;
NUMA       *nai, *natl;
PIX        *pix1, *pix2;
PIXA       *pixa;
SARRAY     *safiles;

    PROCNAME("jbWordsInTextlines");

    if (!pnatl)
        return (JBCLASSER *)ERROR_PTR("&natl not defined", procName, NULL);
    *pnatl = NULL;
    if (!dirin)
        return (JBCLASSER *)ERROR_PTR("dirin not defined", procName, NULL);
    if (reduction != 1 && reduction != 2)
        return (JBCLASSER *)ERROR_PTR("reduction not in {1,2}", procName, NULL);

    safiles = getSortedPathnamesInDirectory(dirin, NULL, firstpage, npages);
    nfiles = sarrayGetCount(safiles);

        /* Classify components */
    classer = jbCorrelationInit(JB_WORDS, maxwidth, maxheight, thresh, weight);
    classer->safiles = sarrayCopy(safiles);
    natl = numaCreate(0);
    *pnatl = natl;
    for (i = 0; i < nfiles; i++) {
        fname = sarrayGetString(safiles, i, L_NOCOPY);
        if ((pix1 = pixRead(fname)) == NULL) {
            L_WARNING("image file %d not read\n", procName, i);
            continue;
        }
        if (reduction == 1)
            pix2 = pixClone(pix1);
        else  /* reduction == 2 */
            pix2 = pixReduceRankBinaryCascade(pix1, 1, 0, 0, 0);
        pixGetWordsInTextlines(pix2, JB_WORDS_MIN_WIDTH,
                               JB_WORDS_MIN_HEIGHT, maxwidth, maxheight,
                               &boxa, &pixa, &nai);
        pixGetDimensions(pix2, &w, &h, NULL);
        classer->w = w;
        classer->h = h;
        jbAddPageComponents(classer, pix2, boxa, pixa);
        numaJoin(natl, nai, 0, -1);
        pixDestroy(&pix1);
        pixDestroy(&pix2);
        numaDestroy(&nai);
        boxaDestroy(&boxa);
        pixaDestroy(&pixa);
    }

    sarrayDestroy(&safiles);
    return classer;
}

/*!
 *  pixaDisplayTiledInRows()
 *
 *      Input:  pixa
 *              outdepth (output depth: 1, 8 or 32 bpp)
 *              maxwidth (of output image)
 *              scalefactor (applied to every pix; use 1.0 for no scaling)
 *              background (0 for white, 1 for black; this is the color
 *                 of the spacing between the images)
 *              spacing  (between images, and on outside)
 *              border (width of black border added to each image;
 *                      use 0 for no border)
 *      Return: pixd (of tiled images), or null on error
 *
 *  Notes:
 *      (1) This saves a pixa to a single image file of width not to
 *          exceed maxwidth, with background color either white or black,
 *          and with each row tiled such that the top of each pix is
 *          aligned and separated by 'spacing' from the next one.
 *          A black border can be added to each pix.
 *      (2) All pix are converted to outdepth; existing colormaps are removed.
 *      (3) This does a reasonably spacewise-efficient job of laying
 *          out the individual pix images into a tiled composite.
 */
PIX *
pixaDisplayTiledInRows(PIXA      *pixa,
                       l_int32    outdepth,
                       l_int32    maxwidth,
                       l_float32  scalefactor,
                       l_int32    background,
                       l_int32    spacing,
                       l_int32    border)
{
l_int32  h;  /* cumulative height over all the rows */
l_int32  w;  /* cumulative height in the current row */
l_int32  bordval, wtry, wt, ht;
l_int32  irow;  /* index of current pix in current row */
l_int32  wmaxrow;  /* width of the largest row */
l_int32  maxh;  /* max height in row */
l_int32  i, j, index, n, x, y, nrows, ninrow;
NUMA    *nainrow;  /* number of pix in the row */
NUMA    *namaxh;  /* height of max pix in the row */
PIX     *pix, *pixn, *pixt, *pixd;
PIXA    *pixan;

    PROCNAME("pixaDisplayTiledInRows");

    if (!pixa)
        return (PIX *)ERROR_PTR("pixa not defined", procName, NULL);
    if (outdepth != 1 && outdepth != 8 && outdepth != 32)
        return (PIX *)ERROR_PTR("outdepth not in {1, 8, 32}", procName, NULL);
    if (border < 0)
        border = 0;
    if (scalefactor <= 0.0) scalefactor = 1.0;
    
    if ((n = pixaGetCount(pixa)) == 0)
        return (PIX *)ERROR_PTR("no components", procName, NULL);

        /* Normalize depths, scale, remove colormaps; optionally add border */
    pixan = pixaCreate(n);
    bordval = (outdepth == 1) ? 1 : 0;
    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        if ((pix = pixaGetPix(pixa, i, L_CLONE)) == NULL)
            continue;

        if (outdepth == 1)
            pixn = pixConvertTo1(pix, 128);
        else if (outdepth == 8)
            pixn = pixConvertTo8(pix, FALSE);
        else  /* outdepth == 32 */
            pixn = pixConvertTo32(pix);
        pixDestroy(&pix);

        if (scalefactor != 1.0)
            pixt = pixScale(pixn, scalefactor, scalefactor);
        else
            pixt = pixClone(pixn);
        if (border)
            pixd = pixAddBorder(pixt, border, bordval);
        else
            pixd = pixClone(pixt);
        pixDestroy(&pixn);
        pixDestroy(&pixt);

        pixaAddPix(pixan, pixd, L_INSERT);
    }
    if (pixaGetCount(pixan) != n) {
        n = pixaGetCount(pixan);
        L_WARNING_INT("only got %d components", procName, n);
        if (n == 0) {
            pixaDestroy(&pixan);
            return (PIX *)ERROR_PTR("no components", procName, NULL);
        }
    }

        /* Compute parameters for layout */
    nainrow = numaCreate(0);
    namaxh = numaCreate(0);
    wmaxrow = 0;
    w = h = spacing;
//.........这里部分代码省略.........

void
RotateTest(PIX          *pixs,
           l_int32       reduction,
           L_REGPARAMS  *rp)
{
l_int32   w, h, d, outformat;
PIX      *pixt1, *pixt2, *pixt3, *pixd;
PIXA     *pixa;

    pixGetDimensions(pixs, &w, &h, &d);
    outformat = (d == 8 || d == 32) ? IFF_JFIF_JPEG : IFF_PNG;

    pixa = pixaCreate(0);
    pixt1 = pixRotate(pixs, ANGLE1, L_ROTATE_SHEAR, L_BRING_IN_WHITE, w, h);
    pixSaveTiled(pixt1, pixa, reduction, 1, 20, 32);
    pixt2 = pixRotate(pixs, ANGLE1, L_ROTATE_SHEAR, L_BRING_IN_BLACK, w, h);
    pixSaveTiled(pixt2, pixa, reduction, 0, 20, 0);
    pixDestroy(&pixt1);
    pixDestroy(&pixt2);
    pixt1 = pixRotate(pixs, ANGLE1, L_ROTATE_SHEAR, L_BRING_IN_WHITE, 0, 0);
    pixSaveTiled(pixt1, pixa, reduction, 1, 20, 0);
    pixt2 = pixRotate(pixs, ANGLE1, L_ROTATE_SHEAR, L_BRING_IN_BLACK, 0, 0);
    pixSaveTiled(pixt2, pixa, reduction, 0, 20, 0);
    pixDestroy(&pixt1);
    pixDestroy(&pixt2);
    pixt1 = pixRotate(pixs, ANGLE2, L_ROTATE_SHEAR, L_BRING_IN_WHITE, w, h);
    pixSaveTiled(pixt1, pixa, reduction, 1, 20, 0);
    pixt2 = pixRotate(pixs, ANGLE2, L_ROTATE_SHEAR, L_BRING_IN_BLACK, w, h);
    pixSaveTiled(pixt2, pixa, reduction, 0, 20, 0);
    pixDestroy(&pixt1);
    pixDestroy(&pixt2);
    pixt1 = pixRotate(pixs, ANGLE2, L_ROTATE_SHEAR, L_BRING_IN_WHITE, 0, 0);
    pixSaveTiled(pixt1, pixa, reduction, 1, 20, 0);
    pixt2 = pixRotate(pixs, ANGLE2, L_ROTATE_SHEAR, L_BRING_IN_BLACK, 0, 0);
    pixSaveTiled(pixt2, pixa, reduction, 0, 20, 0);
    pixDestroy(&pixt1);
    pixDestroy(&pixt2);
    pixd = pixaDisplay(pixa, 0, 0);
    regTestWritePixAndCheck(rp, pixd, outformat);
    pixDisplayWithTitle(pixd, 100, 100, NULL, rp->display);
    pixDestroy(&pixd);
    pixaDestroy(&pixa);

    pixa = pixaCreate(0);
    pixt1 = pixRotate(pixs, ANGLE2, L_ROTATE_SAMPLING, L_BRING_IN_WHITE, w, h);
    pixSaveTiled(pixt1, pixa, reduction, 1, 20, 32);
    pixt2 = pixRotate(pixs, ANGLE2, L_ROTATE_SAMPLING, L_BRING_IN_BLACK, w, h);
    pixSaveTiled(pixt2, pixa, reduction, 0, 20, 0);
    pixDestroy(&pixt1);
    pixDestroy(&pixt2);
    pixt1 = pixRotate(pixs, ANGLE2, L_ROTATE_SAMPLING, L_BRING_IN_WHITE, 0, 0);
    pixSaveTiled(pixt1, pixa, reduction, 1, 20, 0);
    pixt2 = pixRotate(pixs, ANGLE2, L_ROTATE_SAMPLING, L_BRING_IN_BLACK, 0, 0);
    pixSaveTiled(pixt2, pixa, reduction, 0, 20, 0);
    pixDestroy(&pixt1);
    pixDestroy(&pixt2);

    if (pixGetDepth(pixs) == 1)
        pixt1 = pixScaleToGray2(pixs);
    else
        pixt1 = pixClone(pixs);
    pixt2 = pixRotate(pixt1, ANGLE2, L_ROTATE_AREA_MAP, L_BRING_IN_WHITE, w, h);
    pixSaveTiled(pixt2, pixa, reduction, 1, 20, 0);
    pixt3 = pixRotate(pixt1, ANGLE2, L_ROTATE_AREA_MAP, L_BRING_IN_BLACK, w, h);
    pixSaveTiled(pixt3, pixa, reduction, 0, 20, 0);
    pixDestroy(&pixt2);
    pixDestroy(&pixt3);
    pixt2 = pixRotate(pixt1, ANGLE2, L_ROTATE_AREA_MAP, L_BRING_IN_WHITE, 0, 0);
    pixSaveTiled(pixt2, pixa, reduction, 1, 20, 0);
    pixt3 = pixRotate(pixt1, ANGLE2, L_ROTATE_AREA_MAP, L_BRING_IN_BLACK, 0, 0);
    pixSaveTiled(pixt3, pixa, reduction, 0, 20, 0);
    pixDestroy(&pixt2);
    pixDestroy(&pixt3);
    pixDestroy(&pixt1);
    pixd = pixaDisplay(pixa, 0, 0);
    regTestWritePixAndCheck(rp, pixd, outformat);
    pixDisplayWithTitle(pixd, 100, 100, NULL, rp->display);
    pixDestroy(&pixd);
    pixaDestroy(&pixa);

    return;
}

/*
 *  pixWriteSegmentedPageToPS()
 *
 *      Input:  pixs (all depths; colormap ok)
 *              pixm (<optional> 1 bpp segmentation mask over image region)
 *              textscale (scale of text output relative to pixs)
 *              imagescale (scale of image output relative to pixs)
 *              threshold (threshold for binarization; typ. 190)
 *              pageno (page number in set; use 1 for new output file)
 *              fileout (output ps file)
 *      Return: 0 if OK, 1 on error
 *
 *  Notes:
 *      (1) This generates the PS string for a mixed text/image page,
 *          and adds it to an existing file if @pageno > 1.
 *          The PS output is determined by fitting the result to
 *          a letter-size (8.5 x 11 inch) page.
 *      (2) The two images (pixs and pixm) are at the same resolution
 *          (typically 300 ppi).  They are used to generate two compressed
 *          images, pixb and pixc, that are put directly into the output
 *          PS file.
 *      (3) pixb is the text compo