static int hpt_attach(device_t dev)
{
	PHBA hba = (PHBA)device_get_softc(dev);
	HIM *him = hba->ldm_adapter.him;
	PCI_ID pci_id;
	HPT_UINT size;
	PVBUS vbus;
	PVBUS_EXT vbus_ext;

	KdPrint(("hpt_attach(%d/%d/%d)", pci_get_bus(dev), pci_get_slot(dev), pci_get_function(dev)));

	pci_enable_busmaster(dev);

	pci_id.vid = pci_get_vendor(dev);
	pci_id.did = pci_get_device(dev);
	pci_id.rev = pci_get_revid(dev);
	pci_id.subsys = (HPT_U32)(pci_get_subdevice(dev)) << 16 | pci_get_subvendor(dev);

	size = him->get_adapter_size(&pci_id);
	hba->ldm_adapter.him_handle = kmalloc(size, M_DEVBUF, M_WAITOK);
	if (!hba->ldm_adapter.him_handle)
		return ENXIO;

	hba->pcidev = dev;
	hba->pciaddr.tree = 0;
	hba->pciaddr.bus = pci_get_bus(dev);
	hba->pciaddr.device = pci_get_slot(dev);
	hba->pciaddr.function = pci_get_function(dev);

	if (!him->create_adapter(&pci_id, hba->pciaddr, hba->ldm_adapter.him_handle, hba)) {
		kfree(hba->ldm_adapter.him_handle, M_DEVBUF);
		return -1;
	}

	os_printk("adapter at PCI %d:%d:%d, IRQ %d",
		hba->pciaddr.bus, hba->pciaddr.device, hba->pciaddr.function, pci_get_irq(dev));

	if (!ldm_register_adapter(&hba->ldm_adapter)) {
		size = ldm_get_vbus_size();
		vbus_ext = kmalloc(sizeof(VBUS_EXT) + size, M_DEVBUF, M_WAITOK);
		if (!vbus_ext) {
			kfree(hba->ldm_adapter.him_handle, M_DEVBUF);
			return -1;
		}
		memset(vbus_ext, 0, sizeof(VBUS_EXT));
		vbus_ext->ext_type = EXT_TYPE_VBUS;
		ldm_create_vbus((PVBUS)vbus_ext->vbus, vbus_ext);
		ldm_register_adapter(&hba->ldm_adapter);
	}

	ldm_for_each_vbus(vbus, vbus_ext) {
		if (hba->ldm_adapter.vbus==vbus) {
			hba->vbus_ext = vbus_ext;
			hba->next = vbus_ext->hba_list;
			vbus_ext->hba_list = hba;
			break;
		}
	}
	return 0;
}

static int
isci_attach(device_t device)
{
    int error;
    struct isci_softc *isci = DEVICE2SOFTC(device);

    g_isci = isci;
    isci->device = device;
    pci_enable_busmaster(device);

    isci_allocate_pci_memory(isci);

    error = isci_initialize(isci);

    if (error)
    {
        isci_detach(device);
        return (error);
    }

    isci_interrupt_setup(isci);
    isci_sysctl_initialize(isci);

    return (0);
}

static int
iop_pci_attach(device_t dev)
{
    struct iop_softc *sc = device_get_softc(dev);
    int rid;

    bzero(sc, sizeof(struct iop_softc));

    /* get resources */
    rid = 0x10;
    sc->r_mem = 
	bus_alloc_resource_any(dev, SYS_RES_MEMORY, &rid, RF_ACTIVE);

    if (!sc->r_mem)
	return 0;

    rid = 0x00;
    sc->r_irq = bus_alloc_resource_any(dev, SYS_RES_IRQ, &rid,
				       RF_SHAREABLE | RF_ACTIVE);

    /* now setup the infrastructure to talk to the device */
    pci_enable_busmaster(dev);

    sc->ibase = rman_get_virtual(sc->r_mem);
    sc->reg = (struct i2o_registers *)sc->ibase;
    sc->dev = dev;
    mtx_init(&sc->mtx, "pst lock", NULL, MTX_DEF);

    if (!iop_init(sc))
	return 0;
    return bus_generic_attach(dev);
}

static int
hdspe_attach(device_t dev)
{
    struct sc_info *sc;
    struct sc_pcminfo *scp;
    struct hdspe_channel *chan_map;
    uint32_t rev;
    int i, err;

#if 0
    device_printf(dev, "hdspe_attach()\n");
#endif

    sc = device_get_softc(dev);
    sc->lock = snd_mtxcreate(device_get_nameunit(dev),
                             "snd_hdspe softc");
    sc->dev = dev;

    pci_enable_busmaster(dev);
    rev = pci_get_revid(dev);
    switch (rev) {
    case PCI_REVISION_AIO:
        sc->type = AIO;
        chan_map = chan_map_aio;
        break;
    case PCI_REVISION_RAYDAT:
        sc->type = RAYDAT;
        chan_map = chan_map_rd;
        break;
    default:
        return ENXIO;
    }

    /* Allocate resources. */
    err = hdspe_alloc_resources(sc);
    if (err) {
        device_printf(dev, "Unable to allocate system resources.\n");
        return ENXIO;
    }

    if (hdspe_init(sc) != 0)
        return ENXIO;

    for (i = 0; i < HDSPE_MAX_CHANS && chan_map[i].descr != NULL; i++) {
        scp = malloc(sizeof(struct sc_pcminfo), M_DEVBUF, M_NOWAIT | M_ZERO);
        scp->hc = &chan_map[i];
        scp->sc = sc;
        scp->dev = device_add_child(dev, "pcm", -1);
        device_set_ivars(scp->dev, scp);
    }

    hdspe_map_dmabuf(sc);

    return (bus_generic_attach(dev));
}

static int
mwl_pci_resume(device_t dev)
{
    struct mwl_pci_softc *psc = device_get_softc(dev);

    pci_enable_busmaster(dev);

    mwl_resume(&psc->sc_sc);

    return (0);
}

int
ata_pci_attach(device_t dev)
{
    struct ata_pci_controller *ctlr = device_get_softc(dev);
    device_t child;
    u_int32_t cmd;
    int unit;

    /* do chipset specific setups only needed once */
    ctlr->legacy = ata_legacy(dev);
    if (ctlr->legacy || pci_read_config(dev, PCIR_BAR(2), 4) & IOMASK)
	ctlr->channels = 2;
    else
	ctlr->channels = 1;
    ctlr->ichannels = -1;
    ctlr->ch_attach = ata_pci_ch_attach;
    ctlr->ch_detach = ata_pci_ch_detach;
    ctlr->dev = dev;

    /* if needed try to enable busmastering */
    pci_enable_busmaster(dev);
    cmd = pci_read_config(dev, PCIR_COMMAND, 2);

    /* if busmastering mode "stuck" use it */
    if ((cmd & PCIM_CMD_BUSMASTEREN) == PCIM_CMD_BUSMASTEREN) {
	ctlr->r_type1 = SYS_RES_IOPORT;
	ctlr->r_rid1 = ATA_BMADDR_RID;
	ctlr->r_res1 = bus_alloc_resource_any(dev, ctlr->r_type1, &ctlr->r_rid1,
					      RF_ACTIVE);
    }

    if (ctlr->chipinit(dev))
	return ENXIO;

    /* attach all channels on this controller */
    for (unit = 0; unit < ctlr->channels; unit++) {
	if ((ctlr->ichannels & (1 << unit)) == 0)
	    continue;
	child = device_add_child(dev, "ata",
	    ((unit == 0 || unit == 1) && ctlr->legacy) ?
	    unit : devclass_find_free_unit(ata_devclass, 2));
	if (child == NULL)
	    device_printf(dev, "failed to add ata child device\n");
	else
	    device_set_ivars(child, (void *)(intptr_t)unit);
    }
    bus_generic_attach(dev);
    return 0;
}

static int
vtpci_attach(device_t dev)
{
	struct vtpci_softc *sc;
	device_t child;
	int rid;

	sc = device_get_softc(dev);
	sc->vtpci_dev = dev;

	pci_enable_busmaster(dev);

	rid = PCIR_BAR(0);
	sc->vtpci_res = bus_alloc_resource_any(dev, SYS_RES_IOPORT, &rid,
	    RF_ACTIVE);
	if (sc->vtpci_res == NULL) {
		device_printf(dev, "cannot map I/O space\n");
		return (ENXIO);
	}

	if (pci_find_cap(dev, PCIY_MSI, NULL) != 0)
		sc->vtpci_flags |= VTPCI_FLAG_NO_MSI;

	if (pci_find_cap(dev, PCIY_MSIX, NULL) == 0) {
		rid = PCIR_BAR(1);
		sc->vtpci_msix_res = bus_alloc_resource_any(dev,
		    SYS_RES_MEMORY, &rid, RF_ACTIVE);
	}

	if (sc->vtpci_msix_res == NULL)
		sc->vtpci_flags |= VTPCI_FLAG_NO_MSIX;

	vtpci_reset(sc);

	/* Tell the host we've noticed this device. */
	vtpci_set_status(dev, VIRTIO_CONFIG_STATUS_ACK);

	if ((child = device_add_child(dev, NULL, -1)) == NULL) {
		device_printf(dev, "cannot create child device\n");
		vtpci_set_status(dev, VIRTIO_CONFIG_STATUS_FAILED);
		vtpci_detach(dev);
		return (ENOMEM);
	}

	sc->vtpci_child_dev = child;
	vtpci_probe_and_attach_child(sc);

	return (0);
}

static int
mpr_pci_attach(device_t dev)
{
	struct mpr_softc *sc;
	struct mpr_ident *m;
	int error;

	sc = device_get_softc(dev);
	bzero(sc, sizeof(*sc));
	sc->mpr_dev = dev;
	m = mpr_find_ident(dev);
	sc->mpr_flags = m->flags;

	/* Twiddle basic PCI config bits for a sanity check */
	pci_enable_busmaster(dev);

	/* Allocate the System Interface Register Set */
	sc->mpr_regs_rid = PCIR_BAR(1);
	if ((sc->mpr_regs_resource = bus_alloc_resource_any(dev,
	    SYS_RES_MEMORY, &sc->mpr_regs_rid, RF_ACTIVE)) == NULL) {
		mpr_printf(sc, "Cannot allocate PCI registers\n");
		return (ENXIO);
	}
	sc->mpr_btag = rman_get_bustag(sc->mpr_regs_resource);
	sc->mpr_bhandle = rman_get_bushandle(sc->mpr_regs_resource);

	/* Allocate the parent DMA tag */
	if (bus_dma_tag_create( bus_get_dma_tag(dev),	/* parent */
				1, 0,			/* algnmnt, boundary */
				BUS_SPACE_MAXADDR,	/* lowaddr */
				BUS_SPACE_MAXADDR,	/* highaddr */
				NULL, NULL,		/* filter, filterarg */
				BUS_SPACE_MAXSIZE_32BIT,/* maxsize */
				BUS_SPACE_UNRESTRICTED,	/* nsegments */
				BUS_SPACE_MAXSIZE_32BIT,/* maxsegsize */
				0,			/* flags */
				NULL, NULL,		/* lockfunc, lockarg */
				&sc->mpr_parent_dmat)) {
		mpr_printf(sc, "Cannot allocate parent DMA tag\n");
		mpr_pci_free(sc);
		return (ENOMEM);
	}

	if ((error = mpr_attach(sc)) != 0)
		mpr_pci_free(sc);

	return (error);
}

static int
ntb_attach(device_t device)
{
	struct ntb_softc *ntb;
	struct ntb_hw_info *p;
	int error;

	ntb = DEVICE2SOFTC(device);
	p = ntb_get_device_info(pci_get_devid(device));

	ntb->device = device;
	ntb->type = p->type;
	ntb->features = p->features;

	/* Heartbeat timer for NTB_SOC since there is no link interrupt */
	callout_init(&ntb->heartbeat_timer, 1);
	callout_init(&ntb->lr_timer, 1);

	if (ntb->type == NTB_SOC)
		error = ntb_detect_soc(ntb);
	else
		error = ntb_detect_xeon(ntb);
	if (error)
		goto out;

	ntb_detect_max_mw(ntb);

	error = ntb_map_pci_bars(ntb);
	if (error)
		goto out;
	if (ntb->type == NTB_SOC)
		error = ntb_setup_soc(ntb);
	else
		error = ntb_setup_xeon(ntb);
	if (error)
		goto out;
	error = ntb_setup_interrupts(ntb);
	if (error)
		goto out;

	pci_enable_busmaster(ntb->device);

out:
	if (error != 0)
		ntb_detach(device);
	return (error);
}

static int
ioat_attach(device_t device)
{
	struct ioat_softc *ioat;
	int error;

	ioat = DEVICE2SOFTC(device);
	ioat->device = device;

	error = ioat_map_pci_bar(ioat);
	if (error != 0)
		goto err;

	ioat->version = ioat_read_cbver(ioat);
	if (ioat->version < IOAT_VER_3_0) {
		error = ENODEV;
		goto err;
	}

	error = ioat3_attach(device);
	if (error != 0)
		goto err;

	error = pci_enable_busmaster(device);
	if (error != 0)
		goto err;

	error = ioat_setup_intr(ioat);
	if (error != 0)
		goto err;

	error = ioat_reset_hw(ioat);
	if (error != 0)
		goto err;

	ioat_process_events(ioat);
	ioat_setup_sysctl(device);

	ioat->chan_idx = ioat_channel_index;
	ioat_channel[ioat_channel_index++] = ioat;
	ioat_test_attach();

err:
	if (error != 0)
		ioat_detach(device);
	return (error);
}

static int
bhndb_pci_attach(device_t dev)
{
	struct bhndb_pci_softc	*sc;
	int			 error, reg;

	sc = device_get_softc(dev);
	sc->dev = dev;

	/* Enable PCI bus mastering */
	pci_enable_busmaster(device_get_parent(dev));

	/* Determine our bridge device class */
	sc->pci_devclass = BHND_DEVCLASS_PCI;
	if (pci_find_cap(device_get_parent(dev), PCIY_EXPRESS, &reg) == 0)
		sc->pci_devclass = BHND_DEVCLASS_PCIE;

	/* Determine the basic set of applicable quirks. This will be updated
	 * in bhndb_pci_init_full_config() once the PCI device core has
	 * been enumerated. */
	sc->quirks = bhndb_pci_discover_quirks(sc, NULL);

	/* Using the discovered quirks, apply any WARs required for basic
	 * register access. */
	if ((error = bhndb_pci_wars_register_access(sc)))
		return (error);

	/* Use siba(4)-compatible regwin handling until we know
	 * what kind of bus is attached */
	sc->set_regwin = bhndb_pci_compat_setregwin;

	/* Perform full bridge attach. This should call back into our
	 * bhndb_pci_init_full_config() implementation once the bridged
	 * bhnd(4) bus has been enumerated, but before any devices have been
	 * probed or attached. */
	if ((error = bhndb_attach(dev, sc->pci_devclass)))
		return (error);

	/* If supported, switch to the faster regwin handling */
	if (sc->bhndb.chipid.chip_type != BHND_CHIPTYPE_SIBA) {
		atomic_store_rel_ptr((volatile void *) &sc->set_regwin,
		    (uintptr_t) &bhndb_pci_fast_setregwin);
	}

	return (0);
}

static int
ata_kauai_attach(device_t dev)
{
	struct ata_kauai_softc *sc = device_get_softc(dev);
#if USE_DBDMA_IRQ
	int dbdma_irq_rid = 1;
	struct resource *dbdma_irq;
	void *cookie;
#endif

	pci_enable_busmaster(dev);

	/* Init DMA engine */

	sc->sc_ch.dbdma_rid = 1;
	sc->sc_ch.dbdma_regs = sc->sc_memr;
	sc->sc_ch.dbdma_offset = ATA_KAUAI_DBDMAOFFSET;

	ata_dbdma_dmainit(dev);

#if USE_DBDMA_IRQ
	/* Bind to DBDMA interrupt as well */
	if ((dbdma_irq = bus_alloc_resource_any(dev, SYS_RES_IRQ,
	    &dbdma_irq_rid, RF_SHAREABLE | RF_ACTIVE)) != NULL) {
		bus_setup_intr(dev, dbdma_irq, ATA_INTR_FLAGS, NULL,
		    (driver_intr_t *)ata_kauai_dma_interrupt, sc,&cookie);
	}
#endif

	/* Set up initial mode */
	sc->pioconf[0] = sc->pioconf[1] = 
	    bus_read_4(sc->sc_memr, PIO_CONFIG_REG) & 0x0f000fff;

	sc->udmaconf[0] = sc->udmaconf[1] = 0;
	sc->wdmaconf[0] = sc->wdmaconf[1] = 0;

	/* Magic FCR value from Apple */
	bus_write_4(sc->sc_memr, 0, 0x00000007);

	/* Set begin_transaction */
	sc->sc_ch.sc_ch.hw.begin_transaction = ata_kauai_begin_transaction;

	return ata_attach(dev);
}

static int
atiixp_pci_resume(device_t dev)
{
	struct atiixp_info *sc = pcm_getdevinfo(dev);

	atiixp_lock(sc);
	/* power up pci bus */
	pci_set_powerstate(dev, PCI_POWERSTATE_D0);
	pci_enable_io(dev, SYS_RES_MEMORY);
	pci_enable_busmaster(dev);
	/* reset / power up aclink */
	atiixp_reset_aclink(sc);
	atiixp_unlock(sc);

	if (mixer_reinit(dev) == -1) {
		device_printf(dev, "unable to reinitialize the mixer\n");
		return ENXIO;
	}

	/*
	 * Resume channel activities. Reset channel format regardless
	 * of its previous state.
	 */
	if (sc->pch.channel) {
		if (sc->pch.fmt)
			atiixp_chan_setformat(NULL, &sc->pch, sc->pch.fmt);
		if (sc->pch.active)
			atiixp_chan_trigger(NULL, &sc->pch, PCMTRIG_START);
	}
	if (sc->rch.channel) {
		if (sc->rch.fmt)
			atiixp_chan_setformat(NULL, &sc->rch, sc->rch.fmt);
		if (sc->rch.active)
			atiixp_chan_trigger(NULL, &sc->rch, PCMTRIG_START);
	}

	/* enable interrupts */
	atiixp_lock(sc);
	atiixp_enable_interrupts(sc);
	atiixp_unlock(sc);

	return 0;
}

static int
nvme_attach(device_t dev)
{
	struct nvme_controller	*ctrlr = DEVICE2SOFTC(dev);
	int			status;

	status = nvme_ctrlr_construct(ctrlr, dev);

	if (status != 0) {
		nvme_ctrlr_destruct(ctrlr, dev);
		return (status);
	}

	/*
	 * Reset controller twice to ensure we do a transition from cc.en==1
	 *  to cc.en==0.  This is because we don't really know what status
	 *  the controller was left in when boot handed off to OS.
	 */
	status = nvme_ctrlr_hw_reset(ctrlr);
	if (status != 0) {
		nvme_ctrlr_destruct(ctrlr, dev);
		return (status);
	}

	status = nvme_ctrlr_hw_reset(ctrlr);
	if (status != 0) {
		nvme_ctrlr_destruct(ctrlr, dev);
		return (status);
	}

	nvme_sysctl_initialize_ctrlr(ctrlr);

	pci_enable_busmaster(dev);

	ctrlr->config_hook.ich_func = nvme_ctrlr_start_config_hook;
	ctrlr->config_hook.ich_arg = ctrlr;

	config_intrhook_establish(&ctrlr->config_hook);

	return (0);
}

static int
ntb_attach(device_t device)
{
	struct ntb_softc *ntb = DEVICE2SOFTC(device);
	struct ntb_hw_info *p = ntb_get_device_info(pci_get_devid(device));
	int error;

	ntb->device = device;
	ntb->type = p->type;
	ntb->features = p->features;

	/* Heartbeat timer for NTB_SOC since there is no link interrupt */
	callout_init(&ntb->heartbeat_timer, CALLOUT_MPSAFE);
	callout_init(&ntb->lr_timer, CALLOUT_MPSAFE);

	DETACH_ON_ERROR(ntb_map_pci_bars(ntb));
	DETACH_ON_ERROR(ntb_initialize_hw(ntb));
	DETACH_ON_ERROR(ntb_setup_interrupts(ntb));

	pci_enable_busmaster(ntb->device);

	return (error);
}

static int
siba_bwn_attach(device_t dev)
{
	struct siba_bwn_softc *ssc = device_get_softc(dev);
	struct siba_softc *siba = &ssc->ssc_siba;

	siba->siba_dev = dev;
	siba->siba_type = SIBA_TYPE_PCI;

	/*
	 * Enable bus mastering.
	 */
	pci_enable_busmaster(dev);

	/*
	 * Setup memory-mapping of PCI registers.
	 */
	siba->siba_mem_rid = SIBA_PCIR_BAR;
	siba->siba_mem_res = bus_alloc_resource_any(dev, SYS_RES_MEMORY,
		&siba->siba_mem_rid, RF_ACTIVE);
	if (siba->siba_mem_res == NULL) {
		device_printf(dev, "cannot map register space\n");
		return (ENXIO);
	}
	siba->siba_mem_bt = rman_get_bustag(siba->siba_mem_res);
	siba->siba_mem_bh = rman_get_bushandle(siba->siba_mem_res);

	/* Get more PCI information */
	siba->siba_pci_did = pci_get_device(dev);
	siba->siba_pci_vid = pci_get_vendor(dev);
	siba->siba_pci_subvid = pci_get_subvendor(dev);
	siba->siba_pci_subdid = pci_get_subdevice(dev);
	siba->siba_pci_revid = pci_get_revid(dev);

	return (siba_core_attach(siba));
}

static int
ehci_pci_attach(device_t self)
{
	ehci_softc_t *sc = device_get_softc(self);
	int err;
	int rid;

	/* initialise some bus fields */
	sc->sc_bus.parent = self;
	sc->sc_bus.devices = sc->sc_devices;
	sc->sc_bus.devices_max = EHCI_MAX_DEVICES;

	/* get all DMA memory */
	if (usb_bus_mem_alloc_all(&sc->sc_bus,
	    USB_GET_DMA_TAG(self), &ehci_iterate_hw_softc)) {
		return (ENOMEM);
	}

	pci_enable_busmaster(self);

	switch (pci_read_config(self, PCI_USBREV, 1) & PCI_USB_REV_MASK) {
	case PCI_USB_REV_PRE_1_0:
	case PCI_USB_REV_1_0:
	case PCI_USB_REV_1_1:
		/*
		 * NOTE: some EHCI USB controllers have the wrong USB
		 * revision number. It appears those controllers are
		 * fully compliant so we just ignore this value in
		 * some common cases.
		 */
		device_printf(self, "pre-2.0 USB revision (ignored)\n");
		/* fallthrough */
	case PCI_USB_REV_2_0:
		break;
	default:
		/* Quirk for Parallels Desktop 4.0 */
		device_printf(self, "USB revision is unknown. Assuming v2.0.\n");
		break;
	}

	rid = PCI_CBMEM;
	sc->sc_io_res = bus_alloc_resource_any(self, SYS_RES_MEMORY, &rid,
	    RF_ACTIVE);
	if (!sc->sc_io_res) {
		device_printf(self, "Could not map memory\n");
		goto error;
	}
	sc->sc_io_tag = rman_get_bustag(sc->sc_io_res);
	sc->sc_io_hdl = rman_get_bushandle(sc->sc_io_res);
	sc->sc_io_size = rman_get_size(sc->sc_io_res);

	rid = 0;
	sc->sc_irq_res = bus_alloc_resource_any(self, SYS_RES_IRQ, &rid,
	    RF_SHAREABLE | RF_ACTIVE);
	if (sc->sc_irq_res == NULL) {
		device_printf(self, "Could not allocate irq\n");
		goto error;
	}
	sc->sc_bus.bdev = device_add_child(self, "usbus", -1);
	if (!sc->sc_bus.bdev) {
		device_printf(self, "Could not add USB device\n");
		goto error;
	}
	device_set_ivars(sc->sc_bus.bdev, &sc->sc_bus);

	/*
	 * ehci_pci_match will never return NULL if ehci_pci_probe
	 * succeeded
	 */
	device_set_desc(sc->sc_bus.bdev, ehci_pci_match(self));
	switch (pci_get_vendor(self)) {
	case PCI_EHCI_VENDORID_ACERLABS:
		sprintf(sc->sc_vendor, "AcerLabs");
		break;
	case PCI_EHCI_VENDORID_AMD:
		sprintf(sc->sc_vendor, "AMD");
		break;
	case PCI_EHCI_VENDORID_APPLE:
		sprintf(sc->sc_vendor, "Apple");
		break;
	case PCI_EHCI_VENDORID_ATI:
		sprintf(sc->sc_vendor, "ATI");
		break;
	case PCI_EHCI_VENDORID_CMDTECH:
		sprintf(sc->sc_vendor, "CMDTECH");
		break;
	case PCI_EHCI_VENDORID_INTEL:
		sprintf(sc->sc_vendor, "Intel");
		break;
	case PCI_EHCI_VENDORID_NEC:
		sprintf(sc->sc_vendor, "NEC");
		break;
	case PCI_EHCI_VENDORID_OPTI:
		sprintf(sc->sc_vendor, "OPTi");
		break;
	case PCI_EHCI_VENDORID_PHILIPS:
		sprintf(sc->sc_vendor, "Philips");
		break;
	case PCI_EHCI_VENDORID_SIS:
		sprintf(sc->sc_vendor, "SiS");
//.........这里部分代码省略.........

static int
mfi_pci_attach(device_t dev)
{
	struct mfi_softc *sc;
	struct mfi_ident *m;
	int count, error;

	sc = device_get_softc(dev);
	bzero(sc, sizeof(*sc));
	sc->mfi_dev = dev;
	m = mfi_find_ident(dev);
	sc->mfi_flags = m->flags;

	/* Ensure busmastering is enabled */
	pci_enable_busmaster(dev);

	/* Allocate PCI registers */
	if ((sc->mfi_flags & MFI_FLAGS_1064R) ||
	    (sc->mfi_flags & MFI_FLAGS_1078)) {
		/* 1068/1078: Memory mapped BAR is at offset 0x10 */
		sc->mfi_regs_rid = PCIR_BAR(0);
	}
	else if ((sc->mfi_flags & MFI_FLAGS_GEN2) ||
		 (sc->mfi_flags & MFI_FLAGS_SKINNY) ||
		(sc->mfi_flags & MFI_FLAGS_TBOLT)) { 
		/* Gen2/Skinny: Memory mapped BAR is at offset 0x14 */
		sc->mfi_regs_rid = PCIR_BAR(1);
	}
	if ((sc->mfi_regs_resource = bus_alloc_resource_any(sc->mfi_dev,
	    SYS_RES_MEMORY, &sc->mfi_regs_rid, RF_ACTIVE)) == NULL) {
		device_printf(dev, "Cannot allocate PCI registers\n");
		return (ENXIO);
	}
	sc->mfi_btag = rman_get_bustag(sc->mfi_regs_resource);
	sc->mfi_bhandle = rman_get_bushandle(sc->mfi_regs_resource);

	error = ENOMEM;

	/* Allocate parent DMA tag */
	if (bus_dma_tag_create(	bus_get_dma_tag(dev),	/* PCI parent */
				1, 0,			/* algnmnt, boundary */
				BUS_SPACE_MAXADDR,	/* lowaddr */
				BUS_SPACE_MAXADDR,	/* highaddr */
				NULL, NULL,		/* filter, filterarg */
				BUS_SPACE_MAXSIZE_32BIT,/* maxsize */
				BUS_SPACE_UNRESTRICTED,	/* nsegments */
				BUS_SPACE_MAXSIZE_32BIT,/* maxsegsize */
				0,			/* flags */
				NULL, NULL,		/* lockfunc, lockarg */
				&sc->mfi_parent_dmat)) {
		device_printf(dev, "Cannot allocate parent DMA tag\n");
		goto out;
	}

	/* Allocate IRQ resource. */
	sc->mfi_irq_rid = 0;
	count = 1;
	if (mfi_msi && pci_alloc_msi(sc->mfi_dev, &count) == 0) {
		device_printf(sc->mfi_dev, "Using MSI\n");
		sc->mfi_irq_rid = 1;
	}
	if ((sc->mfi_irq = bus_alloc_resource_any(sc->mfi_dev, SYS_RES_IRQ,
	    &sc->mfi_irq_rid, RF_SHAREABLE | RF_ACTIVE)) == NULL) {
		device_printf(sc->mfi_dev, "Cannot allocate interrupt\n");
		error = EINVAL;
		goto out;
	}

	error = mfi_attach(sc);
out:
	if (error) {
		mfi_free(sc);
		mfi_pci_free(sc);
	}

	return (error);
}

//.........这里部分代码省略.........
		goto bad;
	}

	/* XXX here instead of in core_init because we need the lock init'ed */
	callout_init_mtx(&ar->scan.timeout, &ar->sc_data_mtx, 0);

	ar_pci->pipe_taskq = taskqueue_create("athp pipe taskq", M_NOWAIT,
	    NULL, ar_pci);
	(void) taskqueue_start_threads(&ar_pci->pipe_taskq, 1, PI_NET, "%s pipe taskq",
	    device_get_nameunit(dev));
	if (ar_pci->pipe_taskq == NULL) {
		device_printf(dev, "%s: couldn't create pipe taskq\n",
		    __func__);
		err = ENXIO;
		goto bad;
	}

	/*
	 * Look at the device/vendor ID and choose which register offset
	 * mapping to use.  This is used by a lot of the register access
	 * pieces to get the correct device-specific windows.
	 */
	ar_pci->sc_vendorid = pci_get_vendor(dev);
	ar_pci->sc_deviceid = pci_get_device(dev);
	if (athp_pci_hw_lookup(ar_pci) != 0) {
		device_printf(dev, "%s: hw lookup failed\n", __func__);
		err = ENXIO;
		goto bad;
	}

	/*
	 * Enable bus mastering.
	 */
	pci_enable_busmaster(dev);

	/*
	 * Setup memory-mapping of PCI registers.
	 */
	rid = BS_BAR;
	ar_pci->sc_sr = bus_alloc_resource_any(dev, SYS_RES_MEMORY, &rid,
	    RF_ACTIVE);
	if (ar_pci->sc_sr == NULL) {
		device_printf(dev, "cannot map register space\n");
		err = ENXIO;
		goto bad;
	}

	/* Driver copy; hopefully we can delete this */
	ar->sc_st = rman_get_bustag(ar_pci->sc_sr);
	ar->sc_sh = rman_get_bushandle(ar_pci->sc_sr);

	/* Local copy for bus operations */
	ar_pci->sc_st = rman_get_bustag(ar_pci->sc_sr);
	ar_pci->sc_sh = rman_get_bushandle(ar_pci->sc_sr);

	/*
	 * Mark device invalid so any interrupts (shared or otherwise)
	 * that arrive before the HAL is setup are discarded.
	 */
	ar->sc_invalid = 1;

	printf("%s: msicount=%d, msixcount=%d\n",
	    __func__,
	    pci_msi_count(dev),
	    pci_msix_count(dev));

static int
cs4281_pci_attach(device_t dev)
{
    struct sc_info *sc;
    struct ac97_info *codec = NULL;
    char status[SND_STATUSLEN];

    sc = malloc(sizeof(*sc), M_DEVBUF, M_WAITOK | M_ZERO);
    sc->dev = dev;
    sc->type = pci_get_devid(dev);

    pci_enable_busmaster(dev);

#if __FreeBSD_version > 500000
    if (pci_get_powerstate(dev) != PCI_POWERSTATE_D0) {
	/* Reset the power state. */
	device_printf(dev, "chip is in D%d power mode "
		      "-- setting to D0\n", pci_get_powerstate(dev));

	pci_set_powerstate(dev, PCI_POWERSTATE_D0);
    }
#else
    data = pci_read_config(dev, CS4281PCI_PMCS_OFFSET, 4);
    if (data & CS4281PCI_PMCS_PS_MASK) {
	    /* Reset the power state. */
	    device_printf(dev, "chip is in D%d power mode "
			  "-- setting to D0\n",
			  data & CS4281PCI_PMCS_PS_MASK);
	    pci_write_config(dev, CS4281PCI_PMCS_OFFSET,
			     data & ~CS4281PCI_PMCS_PS_MASK, 4);
    }
#endif

    sc->regid   = PCIR_BAR(0);
    sc->regtype = SYS_RES_MEMORY;
    sc->reg = bus_alloc_resource(dev, sc->regtype, &sc->regid,
				 0, ~0, CS4281PCI_BA0_SIZE, RF_ACTIVE);
    if (!sc->reg) {
	sc->regtype = SYS_RES_IOPORT;
	sc->reg = bus_alloc_resource(dev, sc->regtype, &sc->regid,
				     0, ~0, CS4281PCI_BA0_SIZE, RF_ACTIVE);
	if (!sc->reg) {
	    device_printf(dev, "unable to allocate register space\n");
	    goto bad;
	}
    }
    sc->st = rman_get_bustag(sc->reg);
    sc->sh = rman_get_bushandle(sc->reg);

    sc->memid = PCIR_BAR(1);
    sc->mem = bus_alloc_resource(dev, SYS_RES_MEMORY, &sc->memid, 0,
				 ~0, CS4281PCI_BA1_SIZE, RF_ACTIVE);
    if (sc->mem == NULL) {
	device_printf(dev, "unable to allocate fifo space\n");
	goto bad;
    }

    sc->irqid = 0;
    sc->irq = bus_alloc_resource_any(dev, SYS_RES_IRQ, &sc->irqid,
				     RF_ACTIVE | RF_SHAREABLE);
    if (!sc->irq) {
	device_printf(dev, "unable to allocate interrupt\n");
	goto bad;
    }

    if (snd_setup_intr(dev, sc->irq, 0, cs4281_intr, sc, &sc->ih)) {
	device_printf(dev, "unable to setup interrupt\n");
	goto bad;
    }

    sc->bufsz = pcm_getbuffersize(dev, 4096, CS4281_DEFAULT_BUFSZ, 65536);

    if (bus_dma_tag_create(/*parent*/bus_get_dma_tag(dev), /*alignment*/2,
			   /*boundary*/0,
			   /*lowaddr*/BUS_SPACE_MAXADDR_32BIT,
			   /*highaddr*/BUS_SPACE_MAXADDR,
			   /*filter*/NULL, /*filterarg*/NULL,
			   /*maxsize*/sc->bufsz, /*nsegments*/1,
			   /*maxsegz*/0x3ffff,
			   /*flags*/0, /*lockfunc*/busdma_lock_mutex,
			   /*lockarg*/&Giant, &sc->parent_dmat) != 0) {
	device_printf(dev, "unable to create dma tag\n");
	goto bad;
    }

    /* power up */
    cs4281_power(sc, 0);

    /* init chip */
    if (cs4281_init(sc) == -1) {
	device_printf(dev, "unable to initialize the card\n");
	goto bad;
    }

    /* create/init mixer */
    codec = AC97_CREATE(dev, sc, cs4281_ac97);
    if (codec == NULL)
        goto bad;

    mixer_init(dev, ac97_getmixerclass(), codec);
//.........这里部分代码省略.........