static int radius_client_init_acct(struct radius_client_data *radius)
{
	struct hostapd_radius_servers *conf = radius->conf;
	int ok = 0;

	radius_close_acct_sockets(radius);

	radius->acct_serv_sock = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
	if (radius->acct_serv_sock < 0)
		wpa_printf(MSG_INFO, "RADIUS: socket[PF_INET,SOCK_DGRAM]: %s",
			   strerror(errno));
	else {
		radius_client_disable_pmtu_discovery(radius->acct_serv_sock);
		ok++;
	}

#ifdef CONFIG_IPV6
	radius->acct_serv_sock6 = socket(PF_INET6, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
	if (radius->acct_serv_sock6 < 0)
		wpa_printf(MSG_INFO, "RADIUS: socket[PF_INET6,SOCK_DGRAM]: %s",
			   strerror(errno));
	else
		ok++;
#endif /* CONFIG_IPV6 */

	if (ok == 0)
		return -1;

	radius_change_server(radius, conf->acct_server, NULL,
			     radius->acct_serv_sock, radius->acct_serv_sock6,
			     0);

	if (radius->acct_serv_sock >= 0 &&
	    eloop_register_read_sock(radius->acct_serv_sock,
				     radius_client_receive, radius,
				     (void *) RADIUS_ACCT)) {
		wpa_printf(MSG_INFO, "RADIUS: Could not register read socket for accounting server");
		radius_close_acct_sockets(radius);
		return -1;
	}

#ifdef CONFIG_IPV6
	if (radius->acct_serv_sock6 >= 0 &&
	    eloop_register_read_sock(radius->acct_serv_sock6,
				     radius_client_receive, radius,
				     (void *) RADIUS_ACCT)) {
		wpa_printf(MSG_INFO, "RADIUS: Could not register read socket for accounting server");
		radius_close_acct_sockets(radius);
		return -1;
	}
#endif /* CONFIG_IPV6 */

	return 0;
}

static int radius_client_init_auth(struct radius_client_data *radius)
{
	struct hostapd_radius_servers *conf = radius->conf;
	int ok = 0;

	radius->auth_serv_sock = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
	if (radius->auth_serv_sock < 0)
		perror("socket[PF_INET,SOCK_DGRAM]");
	else {
		radius_client_disable_pmtu_discovery(radius->auth_serv_sock);
		ok++;
	}

#ifdef CONFIG_IPV6
	radius->auth_serv_sock6 = socket(PF_INET6, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
	if (radius->auth_serv_sock6 < 0)
		perror("socket[PF_INET6,SOCK_DGRAM]");
	else
		ok++;
#endif /* CONFIG_IPV6 */

	if (ok == 0)
		return -1;

	radius_change_server(radius, conf->auth_server, NULL,
			     radius->auth_serv_sock, radius->auth_serv_sock6,
			     1);

	if (radius->auth_serv_sock >= 0 &&
	    eloop_register_read_sock(radius->auth_serv_sock,
				     radius_client_receive, radius,
				     (void *) RADIUS_AUTH)) {
		printf("Could not register read socket for authentication "
		       "server\n");
		return -1;
	}

#ifdef CONFIG_IPV6
	if (radius->auth_serv_sock6 >= 0 &&
	    eloop_register_read_sock(radius->auth_serv_sock6,
				     radius_client_receive, radius,
				     (void *) RADIUS_AUTH)) {
		printf("Could not register read socket for authentication "
		       "server\n");
		return -1;
	}
#endif /* CONFIG_IPV6 */

	return 0;
}

static int l2_packet_init_libpcap(struct l2_packet_data *l2,
				  unsigned short protocol)
{
	bpf_u_int32 pcap_maskp, pcap_netp;
	char pcap_filter[200], pcap_err[PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE];
	struct bpf_program pcap_fp;

	pcap_lookupnet(l2->ifname, &pcap_netp, &pcap_maskp, pcap_err);
	l2->pcap = pcap_open_live(l2->ifname, 2500, 0, 10, pcap_err);
	if (l2->pcap == NULL) {
		fprintf(stderr, "pcap_open_live: %s\n", pcap_err);
		fprintf(stderr, "ifname='%s'\n", l2->ifname);
		return -1;
	}
	if (pcap_datalink(l2->pcap) != DLT_EN10MB &&
	    pcap_set_datalink(l2->pcap, DLT_EN10MB) < 0) {
		fprintf(stderr, "pcap_set_datalink(DLT_EN10MB): %s\n",
			pcap_geterr(l2->pcap));
		return -1;
	}
	os_snprintf(pcap_filter, sizeof(pcap_filter),
		    "not ether src " MACSTR " and "
		    "( ether dst " MACSTR " or ether dst " MACSTR " ) and "
		    "ether proto 0x%x",
		    MAC2STR(l2->own_addr), /* do not receive own packets */
		    MAC2STR(l2->own_addr), MAC2STR(pae_group_addr),
		    protocol);
	if (pcap_compile(l2->pcap, &pcap_fp, pcap_filter, 1, pcap_netp) < 0) {
		fprintf(stderr, "pcap_compile: %s\n", pcap_geterr(l2->pcap));
		return -1;
	}

	if (pcap_setfilter(l2->pcap, &pcap_fp) < 0) {
		fprintf(stderr, "pcap_setfilter: %s\n", pcap_geterr(l2->pcap));
		return -1;
	}

	pcap_freecode(&pcap_fp);
#ifndef __sun__
	/*
	 * When libpcap uses BPF we must enable "immediate mode" to
	 * receive frames right away; otherwise the system may
	 * buffer them for us.
	 */
	{
		unsigned int on = 1;
		if (ioctl(pcap_fileno(l2->pcap), BIOCIMMEDIATE, &on) < 0) {
			fprintf(stderr, "%s: cannot enable immediate mode on "
				"interface %s: %s\n",
				__func__, l2->ifname, strerror(errno));
			/* XXX should we fail? */
		}
	}
#endif /* __sun__ */

	eloop_register_read_sock(pcap_get_selectable_fd(l2->pcap),
				 l2_packet_receive, l2, l2->pcap);

	return 0;
}

struct l2_packet_data * l2_packet_init(
	const char *ifname, const u8 *own_addr, unsigned short protocol,
	void (*rx_callback)(void *ctx, const u8 *src_addr,
			    const u8 *buf, size_t len),
	void *rx_callback_ctx, int l2_hdr)
{
	struct l2_packet_data *l2;


	l2 = (struct l2_packet_data*)os_zalloc(sizeof(struct l2_packet_data));
	if (l2 == NULL)
		return NULL;
	os_strlcpy(l2->ifname, ifname, sizeof(l2->ifname));
	l2->rx_callback = rx_callback;
	l2->rx_callback_ctx = rx_callback_ctx;
	l2->l2_hdr = l2_hdr;

	/*
	 * TODO: open connection for receiving frames
	 */
	l2->fd = -1;
	eloop_register_read_sock(l2->fd, l2_packet_receive, l2, NULL);

	return l2;
}

struct netlink_data * netlink_init(struct netlink_config *cfg)
{
	struct netlink_data *netlink;
	struct sockaddr_nl local;

	netlink = os_zalloc(sizeof(*netlink));
	if (netlink == NULL)
		return NULL;

	netlink->cfg = cfg;

	netlink->sock = socket(PF_NETLINK, SOCK_RAW, NETLINK_ROUTE);
	if (netlink->sock < 0) {
		wpa_printf(MSG_ERROR, "netlink: Failed to open netlink "
			   "socket: %s", strerror(errno));
		netlink_deinit(netlink);
		return NULL;
	}

	os_memset(&local, 0, sizeof(local));
	local.nl_family = AF_NETLINK;
	local.nl_groups = RTMGRP_LINK;
	if (bind(netlink->sock, (struct sockaddr *) &local, sizeof(local)) < 0)
	{
		wpa_printf(MSG_ERROR, "netlink: Failed to bind netlink "
			   "socket: %s", strerror(errno));
		netlink_deinit(netlink);
		return NULL;
	}

	eloop_register_read_sock(netlink->sock, netlink_receive, netlink,
				 NULL);

	return netlink;
}

int32
WPASupplicantApp::_SupplicantThread(void *data)
{
	WPASupplicantApp *app = (WPASupplicantApp *)data;

	// Register our notify socket with the polling event loop.
	if (eloop_register_read_sock(app->fNotifySockets[0],
			_EventLoopProcessEvents, app->fWPAGlobal, app) != 0) {
		return B_ERROR;
	}

	wpa_supplicant_run(app->fWPAGlobal);

	eloop_unregister_read_sock(app->fNotifySockets[0]);

	// There are two reasons why the supplicant thread quit:
	// 1.	The event loop was terminated because of a signal or error and the
	//		application is still there and running.
	// 2.	The app has quit and stopped the event loop.
	//
	// In case of 2. we're done, but in case of 1. we need to quit the still
	// running application. We use the app messenger to reach the app if it is
	// still running. If it already quit the SendMessage() will simply fail.

	be_app_messenger.SendMessage(B_QUIT_REQUESTED);
	return B_OK;
}

static int
madwifi_wireless_event_init(void *priv)
{
	struct madwifi_driver_data *drv = priv;
	int s;
	struct sockaddr_nl local;

	madwifi_get_we_version(drv);

	drv->wext_sock = -1;

	s = socket(PF_NETLINK, SOCK_RAW, NETLINK_ROUTE);
	if (s < 0) {
		perror("socket(PF_NETLINK,SOCK_RAW,NETLINK_ROUTE)");
		return -1;
	}

	memset(&local, 0, sizeof(local));
	local.nl_family = AF_NETLINK;
	local.nl_groups = RTMGRP_LINK;
	if (bind(s, (struct sockaddr *) &local, sizeof(local)) < 0) {
		perror("bind(netlink)");
		close(s);
		return -1;
	}

	eloop_register_read_sock(s, madwifi_wireless_event_receive, drv, NULL);
	drv->wext_sock = s;

	return 0;
}

int edit_init(void (*cmd_cb)(void *ctx, char *cmd),
	      void (*eof_cb)(void *ctx),
	      char ** (*completion_cb)(void *ctx, const char *cmd, int pos),
	      void *ctx, const char *history_file, const char *ps)
{
	edit_cb_ctx = ctx;
	edit_cmd_cb = cmd_cb;
	edit_eof_cb = eof_cb;
	edit_completion_cb = completion_cb;

	rl_attempted_completion_function = readline_completion;
	if (history_file) {
		read_history(history_file);
		stifle_history(100);
	}

	eloop_register_read_sock(STDIN_FILENO, edit_read_char, NULL, NULL);

	if (ps) {
		size_t blen = os_strlen(ps) + 3;
		char *ps2 = os_malloc(blen);
		if (ps2) {
			os_snprintf(ps2, blen, "%s> ", ps);
			rl_callback_handler_install(ps2, readline_cmd_handler);
			os_free(ps2);
			return 0;
		}
	}

	rl_callback_handler_install("> ", readline_cmd_handler);

	return 0;
}

static int rtl871x_mgnt_sock_init(struct rtl871x_driver_data *drv, const char *name)
{
	int sock;
	struct ifreq ifr;
	struct sockaddr_ll addr;

	sock = socket(PF_PACKET, SOCK_RAW, htons(ETH_P_ALL));
	if (sock < 0) {
		perror("socket[PF_PACKET,SOCK_RAW]");
		return -1;
	}

	if (eloop_register_read_sock(sock, rtl871x_recvive_mgmt_frame, drv->hapd, NULL))
	{
		printf("Could not register read socket\n");
		return -1;
	}

	memset(&ifr, 0, sizeof(ifr));
	//snprintf(ifr.ifr_name, sizeof(ifr.ifr_name), "%sap", drv->iface);
	os_strlcpy(ifr.ifr_name, name, sizeof(ifr.ifr_name));
        if (ioctl(sock, SIOCGIFINDEX, &ifr) != 0) {
		perror("ioctl(SIOCGIFINDEX)");
		return -1;
        }

	//if (rtl871x_set_iface_flags(drv, 1)) {
	//	return -1;
	//}

	memset(&addr, 0, sizeof(addr));
	addr.sll_family = AF_PACKET;
	addr.sll_ifindex = ifr.ifr_ifindex;
	wpa_printf(MSG_DEBUG, "Opening raw packet socket for ifindex %d",
		   addr.sll_ifindex);

	if (bind(sock, (struct sockaddr *) &addr, sizeof(addr)) < 0) {
		perror("bind");
		return -1;
	}

        memset(&ifr, 0, sizeof(ifr));
        os_strlcpy(ifr.ifr_name, name, sizeof(ifr.ifr_name));
        if (ioctl(sock, SIOCGIFHWADDR, &ifr) != 0) {
		perror("ioctl(SIOCGIFHWADDR)");
		return -1;
        }


	if (ifr.ifr_hwaddr.sa_family != ARPHRD_ETHER) {
		printf("Invalid HW-addr family 0x%04x\n",
		       ifr.ifr_hwaddr.sa_family);
		return -1;
	}
	
	//memcpy(drv->hapd->own_addr, ifr.ifr_hwaddr.sa_data, ETH_ALEN);

	return sock;
	
}

struct ctrl_iface_global_priv *wpa_supplicant_global_ctrl_iface_init(struct wpa_global *global)
{
	struct ctrl_iface_global_priv *priv;
	struct sockaddr_in addr;
	int port = WPA_GLOBAL_CTRL_IFACE_PORT;

	priv = os_zalloc(sizeof(*priv));
	if (priv == NULL) {
		return NULL;
	}
	priv->sock = -1;
	os_get_random(priv->cookie, COOKIE_LEN);

	if (global->params.ctrl_interface == NULL) {
		return priv;
	}

	wpa_printf(MSG_DEBUG, "Global control interface '%s'", global->params.ctrl_interface);

	/* WARNING: UDP is unreliable (indirectly selected by use of SOCK_DRAM), hence not suitable
	 * for API interfaces.
	 *  - change to use TCP (SOCK_STREAM), for a reliable transport. */
	priv->sock = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
	if (priv->sock < 0) {
		wpa_printf(MSG_ERROR, "socket(PF_INET): %s", strerror(errno));
		goto fail;
	}

	os_memset(&addr, 0, sizeof(addr));
	addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
#ifdef CONFIG_CTRL_IFACE_UDP_REMOTE
	addr.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;
#else							/* CONFIG_CTRL_IFACE_UDP_REMOTE */
	addr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl((127 << 24) | 1);
#endif							/* CONFIG_CTRL_IFACE_UDP_REMOTE */
try_again:
	addr.sin_port = htons(port);
	if (bind(priv->sock, (struct sockaddr *)&addr, sizeof(addr)) < 0) {
		port++;
		if ((port - WPA_GLOBAL_CTRL_IFACE_PORT) < WPA_GLOBAL_CTRL_IFACE_PORT_LIMIT) {
			goto try_again;
		}
		wpa_printf(MSG_ERROR, "bind(AF_INET): %s", strerror(errno));
		goto fail;
	}
#ifdef CONFIG_CTRL_IFACE_UDP_REMOTE
	wpa_printf(MSG_DEBUG, "global_ctrl_iface_init UDP port: %d", port);
#endif							/* CONFIG_CTRL_IFACE_UDP_REMOTE */

	eloop_register_read_sock(priv->sock, wpa_supplicant_global_ctrl_iface_receive, global, priv);

	return priv;

fail:
	if (priv->sock >= 0) {
		close(priv->sock);
	}
	os_free(priv);
	return NULL;
}

int wsc_ie_init(struct hostapd_data *hapd)
{
	struct sockaddr_in to;
	char sendBuf[5];

	wpa_printf(MSG_DEBUG, "WSC_IE: In wsc_ie_init");
	
	g_wsc_ie_data = malloc(sizeof(WSC_IE_DATA));
	
	if (g_wsc_ie_data == NULL) {
		return -1;
	}

	memset(g_wsc_ie_data, 0, sizeof(WSC_IE_DATA));

	g_wsc_ie_data->hapd = hapd;
    	g_wsc_ie_data->udpFdCom = udp_open();

	eloop_register_read_sock(g_wsc_ie_data->udpFdCom, wsc_ie_read_callback,
                 		 g_wsc_ie_data, NULL);
	/* Send a start packet */
	strcpy(sendBuf, "PORT");
	to.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(WSC_WLAN_UDP_ADDR);
	to.sin_family = AF_INET;
	to.sin_port = htons(WSC_WLAN_UDP_PORT);

	if (udp_write(g_wsc_ie_data->udpFdCom, sendBuf, 5, &to) < 5) {
		wpa_printf(MSG_ERROR, "WSC_IE: Sending Port message to "
				"upper Layer failed");
		return -1;
	} else {
		wpa_printf(MSG_DEBUG, "WSC_IE: send port = %d", WSC_WLAN_UDP_PORT );
	}
	return 0;
}

int wpa_driver_register_event_cb(struct wpa_driver_ndis_data *drv)
{
	struct sockaddr_in addr;

	drv->event_sock = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
	if (drv->event_sock < 0) {
		perror("socket");
		return -1;
	}

	/* These events are received from an external program, ndis_events,
	 * which is converting WMI events to more "UNIX-like" input for
	 * wpa_supplicant, i.e., UDP packets that can be received through the
	 * eloop mechanism. */
	memset(&addr, 0, sizeof(addr));
	addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
	addr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl((127 << 24) | 1);
	addr.sin_port = htons(9876);
	if (bind(drv->event_sock, (struct sockaddr *) &addr, sizeof(addr)) < 0)
	{
		perror("bind");
		close(drv->event_sock);
		drv->event_sock = -1;
		return -1;
	}

	eloop_register_read_sock(drv->event_sock, wpa_driver_ndis_event_cb,
				 drv, NULL);

	return 0;
}

struct wpas_binder_priv *wpas_binder_init(struct wpa_global *global)
{
	struct wpas_binder_priv *priv;
	wpa_supplicant_binder::BinderManager *binder_manager;

	priv = (wpas_binder_priv *)os_zalloc(sizeof(*priv));
	if (!priv)
		return NULL;
	priv->global = global;

	android::ProcessState::self()->setThreadPoolMaxThreadCount(0);
	android::IPCThreadState::self()->disableBackgroundScheduling(true);
	android::IPCThreadState::self()->setupPolling(&priv->binder_fd);
	wpa_printf(MSG_INFO, "Process binder events on FD %d", priv->binder_fd);
	if (priv->binder_fd < 0)
		goto err;
	/* Look for read events from the binder socket in the eloop. */
	if (eloop_register_read_sock(
		priv->binder_fd, wpas_binder_sock_handler, global, priv) < 0)
		goto err;

	binder_manager = wpa_supplicant_binder::BinderManager::getInstance();
	if (!binder_manager)
		goto err;
	binder_manager->registerBinderService(global);
	/* We may not need to store this binder manager reference in the
	 * global data strucure because we've made it a singleton class. */
	priv->binder_manager = (void *)binder_manager;

	return priv;

err:
	wpas_binder_deinit(priv);
	return NULL;
}

static void ctrl_connect(int sock, void *eloop_ctx, void *sock_ctx)
{
	struct wlantest *wt = eloop_ctx;
	int conn, i;

	conn = accept(sock, NULL, NULL);
	if (conn < 0) {
		wpa_printf(MSG_INFO, "accept(ctrl): %s", strerror(errno));
		return;
	}
	wpa_printf(MSG_MSGDUMP, "New control interface connection %d", conn);

	for (i = 0; i < MAX_CTRL_CONNECTIONS; i++) {
		if (wt->ctrl_socks[i] < 0)
			break;
	}

	if (i == MAX_CTRL_CONNECTIONS) {
		wpa_printf(MSG_INFO, "No room for new control connection");
		close(conn);
		return;
	}

	wt->ctrl_socks[i] = conn;
	eloop_register_read_sock(conn, ctrl_read, wt, NULL);
}

struct ctrl_iface_global_priv *
wpa_supplicant_global_ctrl_iface_init(struct wpa_global *global)
{
	struct ctrl_iface_global_priv *priv;
	struct sockaddr_in addr;
	int port = WPA_GLOBAL_CTRL_IFACE_PORT;

	priv = os_zalloc(sizeof(*priv));
	if (priv == NULL)
		return NULL;
	priv->sock = -1;
	os_get_random(priv->cookie, COOKIE_LEN);

	if (global->params.ctrl_interface == NULL)
		return priv;

	wpa_printf(MSG_DEBUG, "Global control interface '%s'",
		   global->params.ctrl_interface);

	priv->sock = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
	if (priv->sock < 0) {
		perror("socket(PF_INET)");
		goto fail;
	}

	os_memset(&addr, 0, sizeof(addr));
	addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
#ifdef CONFIG_CTRL_IFACE_UDP_REMOTE
	addr.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;
#else /* CONFIG_CTRL_IFACE_UDP_REMOTE */
	addr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl((127 << 24) | 1);
#endif /* CONFIG_CTRL_IFACE_UDP_REMOTE */
try_again:
	addr.sin_port = htons(port);
	if (bind(priv->sock, (struct sockaddr *) &addr, sizeof(addr)) < 0) {
		port++;
		if ((port - WPA_GLOBAL_CTRL_IFACE_PORT) <
		    WPA_GLOBAL_CTRL_IFACE_PORT_LIMIT)
			goto try_again;
		perror("bind(AF_INET)");
		goto fail;
	}

#ifdef CONFIG_CTRL_IFACE_UDP_REMOTE
	wpa_printf(MSG_DEBUG, "global_ctrl_iface_init UDP port: %d", port);
#endif /* CONFIG_CTRL_IFACE_UDP_REMOTE */

	eloop_register_read_sock(priv->sock,
				 wpa_supplicant_global_ctrl_iface_receive,
				 global, priv);

	return priv;

fail:
	if (priv->sock >= 0)
		close(priv->sock);
	os_free(priv);
	return NULL;
}

void * wpa_driver_wext_init(void *ctx, const char *ifname)
{
	int s, flags;
	struct sockaddr_nl local;
	struct wpa_driver_wext_data *drv;

	drv = malloc(sizeof(*drv));
	if (drv == NULL)
		return NULL;
	memset(drv, 0, sizeof(*drv));
	drv->ctx = ctx;
	strncpy(drv->ifname, ifname, sizeof(drv->ifname));

	drv->ioctl_sock = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
	if (drv->ioctl_sock < 0) {
		perror("socket(PF_INET,SOCK_DGRAM)");
		free(drv);
		return NULL;
	}

	s = socket(PF_NETLINK, SOCK_RAW, NETLINK_ROUTE);
	if (s < 0) {
		perror("socket(PF_NETLINK,SOCK_RAW,NETLINK_ROUTE)");
		close(drv->ioctl_sock);
		free(drv);
		return NULL;
	}

	memset(&local, 0, sizeof(local));
	local.nl_family = AF_NETLINK;
	local.nl_groups = RTMGRP_LINK;
	if (bind(s, (struct sockaddr *) &local, sizeof(local)) < 0) {
		perror("bind(netlink)");
		close(s);
		close(drv->ioctl_sock);
		free(drv);
		return NULL;
	}

	eloop_register_read_sock(s, wpa_driver_wext_event_receive, drv, ctx);
	drv->event_sock = s;

	/*
	 * Make sure that the driver does not have any obsolete PMKID entries.
	 */
	wpa_driver_wext_flush_pmkid(drv);

	if (wpa_driver_wext_set_mode(drv, 0) < 0) {
		printf("Could not configure driver to use managed mode\n");
	}

	if (wpa_driver_wext_get_ifflags(drv, &flags) != 0 ||
	    wpa_driver_wext_set_ifflags(drv, flags | IFF_UP) != 0) {
		printf("Could not set interface '%s' UP\n", drv->ifname);
	}

	return drv;
}

struct l2_packet_data * l2_packet_init(
	const char *ifname, const u8 *own_addr, unsigned short protocol,
	void (*rx_callback)(void *ctx, const u8 *src_addr,
			    const u8 *buf, size_t len),
	void *rx_callback_ctx, int l2_hdr)
{
	struct l2_packet_data *l2;
	struct ifreq ifr;
	struct sockaddr_ll ll;

	l2 = os_zalloc(sizeof(struct l2_packet_data));
	if (l2 == NULL)
		return NULL;
	os_strlcpy(l2->ifname, ifname, sizeof(l2->ifname));
	l2->rx_callback = rx_callback;
	l2->rx_callback_ctx = rx_callback_ctx;
	l2->l2_hdr = l2_hdr;

	l2->fd = socket(PF_PACKET, l2_hdr ? SOCK_RAW : SOCK_DGRAM,
			htons(protocol));
	if (l2->fd < 0) {
		perror("socket(PF_PACKET)");
		os_free(l2);
		return NULL;
	}
	os_memset(&ifr, 0, sizeof(ifr));
	os_strlcpy(ifr.ifr_name, l2->ifname, sizeof(ifr.ifr_name));
	if (ioctl(l2->fd, SIOCGIFINDEX, &ifr) < 0) {
		perror("ioctl[SIOCGIFINDEX]");
		close(l2->fd);
		os_free(l2);
		return NULL;
	}
	l2->ifindex = ifr.ifr_ifindex;

	os_memset(&ll, 0, sizeof(ll));
	ll.sll_family = PF_PACKET;
	ll.sll_ifindex = ifr.ifr_ifindex;
	ll.sll_protocol = htons(protocol);
	if (bind(l2->fd, (struct sockaddr *) &ll, sizeof(ll)) < 0) {
		perror("bind[PF_PACKET]");
		close(l2->fd);
		os_free(l2);
		return NULL;
	}

	if (ioctl(l2->fd, SIOCGIFHWADDR, &ifr) < 0) {
		perror("ioctl[SIOCGIFHWADDR]");
		close(l2->fd);
		os_free(l2);
		return NULL;
	}
	os_memcpy(l2->own_addr, ifr.ifr_hwaddr.sa_data, ETH_ALEN);

	eloop_register_read_sock(l2->fd, l2_packet_receive, l2, NULL);

	return l2;
}

static void * wpa_driver_broadcom_init(void *ctx, const char *ifname)
{
	int s;
	struct sockaddr_ll ll;
	struct wpa_driver_broadcom_data *drv;
	struct ifreq ifr;

	/* open socket to kernel */
	if ((s = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0)) < 0) {
		perror("socket");
		return NULL;
	}
	/* do it */
	os_strlcpy(ifr.ifr_name, ifname, IFNAMSIZ);
	if (ioctl(s, SIOCGIFINDEX, &ifr) < 0) {
		perror(ifr.ifr_name);
		return NULL;
	}


	drv = os_zalloc(sizeof(*drv));
	if (drv == NULL)
		return NULL;
	drv->ctx = ctx;
	os_strlcpy(drv->ifname, ifname, sizeof(drv->ifname));
	drv->ioctl_sock = s;

	s = socket(PF_PACKET, SOCK_RAW, ntohs(ETH_P_802_2));
	if (s < 0) {
		perror("socket(PF_PACKET, SOCK_RAW, ntohs(ETH_P_802_2))");
		close(drv->ioctl_sock);
		os_free(drv);
		return NULL;
	}

	os_memset(&ll, 0, sizeof(ll));
	ll.sll_family = AF_PACKET;
	ll.sll_protocol = ntohs(ETH_P_802_2);
	ll.sll_ifindex = ifr.ifr_ifindex;
	ll.sll_hatype = 0;
	ll.sll_pkttype = PACKET_HOST;
	ll.sll_halen = 0;

	if (bind(s, (struct sockaddr *) &ll, sizeof(ll)) < 0) {
		perror("bind(netlink)");
		close(s);
		close(drv->ioctl_sock);
		os_free(drv);
		return NULL;
	}

	eloop_register_read_sock(s, wpa_driver_broadcom_event_receive, ctx,
				 NULL);
	drv->event_sock = s;
	wpa_driver_broadcom_set_wpa(drv, 1);

	return drv;
}

static int wpa_driver_awext_open_mlme(struct wpa_driver_awext_data *drv)
{
	int flags, ifindex, s, *i;
	struct sockaddr_ll addr;
	struct iwreq iwr;

	os_memset(&iwr, 0, sizeof(iwr));
	os_strncpy(iwr.ifr_name, drv->ifname, IFNAMSIZ);
	i = (int *) iwr.u.name;
	*i++ = PRISM2_PARAM_USER_SPACE_MLME;
	*i++ = 1;

	if (ioctl(drv->ioctl_sock, PRISM2_IOCTL_PRISM2_PARAM, &iwr) < 0) {
		wpa_printf(MSG_ERROR, "WEXT: Failed to configure driver to "
			   "use user space MLME");
		return -1;
	}

	ifindex = if_nametoindex(drv->wext->mlmedev);
	if (ifindex == 0) {
		wpa_printf(MSG_ERROR, "WEXT: mlmedev='%s' not found",
			   drv->mlmedev);
		return -1;
	}

	if (wpa_driver_awext_get_ifflags_ifname(drv, drv->wext->mlmedev, &flags) != 0
	    || wpa_driver_awext_set_ifflags_ifname(drv, drv->wext->mlmedev,
						  flags | IFF_UP) != 0) {
		wpa_printf(MSG_ERROR, "WEXT: Could not set interface "
			   "'%s' UP", drv->mlmedev);
		return -1;
	}

	s = socket(PF_PACKET, SOCK_RAW, htons(ETH_P_ALL));
	if (s < 0) {
		perror("socket[PF_PACKET,SOCK_RAW]");
		return -1;
	}

	os_memset(&addr, 0, sizeof(addr));
	addr.sll_family = AF_PACKET;
	addr.sll_ifindex = ifindex;

	if (bind(s, (struct sockaddr *) &addr, sizeof(addr)) < 0) {
		perror("bind(MLME)");
		return -1;
	}

	if (eloop_register_read_sock(s, wpa_driver_awext_mlme_read, drv, NULL))
	{
		wpa_printf(MSG_ERROR, "WEXT: Could not register MLME read "
			   "socket");
		close(s);
		return -1;
	}

	return s;
}

int hostapd_init_sockets(struct hostap_driver_data *drv)
{
	struct hostapd_data *hapd = drv->hapd;
	struct ifreq ifr;
	struct sockaddr_ll addr;

	drv->sock = socket(PF_PACKET, SOCK_RAW, htons(ETH_P_ALL));
	if (drv->sock < 0) {
		perror("socket[PF_PACKET,SOCK_RAW]");
		return -1;
	}

	if (eloop_register_read_sock(drv->sock, handle_read, drv->hapd, NULL))
	{
		printf("Could not register read socket\n");
		return -1;
	}

        memset(&ifr, 0, sizeof(ifr));
        snprintf(ifr.ifr_name, sizeof(ifr.ifr_name), "%sap", drv->iface);
        if (ioctl(drv->sock, SIOCGIFINDEX, &ifr) != 0) {
		perror("ioctl(SIOCGIFINDEX)");
		return -1;
        }

	if (hostapd_set_iface_flags(drv, 1)) {
		return -1;
	}

	memset(&addr, 0, sizeof(addr));
	addr.sll_family = AF_PACKET;
	addr.sll_ifindex = ifr.ifr_ifindex;
	HOSTAPD_DEBUG(HOSTAPD_DEBUG_MINIMAL,
		      "Opening raw packet socket for ifindex %d\n",
		      addr.sll_ifindex);

	if (bind(drv->sock, (struct sockaddr *) &addr, sizeof(addr)) < 0) {
		perror("bind");
		return -1;
	}

        memset(&ifr, 0, sizeof(ifr));
        snprintf(ifr.ifr_name, sizeof(ifr.ifr_name), "%s", drv->iface);
        if (ioctl(drv->sock, SIOCGIFHWADDR, &ifr) != 0) {
		perror("ioctl(SIOCGIFHWADDR)");
		return -1;
        }

	if (ifr.ifr_hwaddr.sa_family != ARPHRD_ETHER) {
		printf("Invalid HW-addr family 0x%04x\n",
		       ifr.ifr_hwaddr.sa_family);
		return -1;
	}
	memcpy(drv->hapd->own_addr, ifr.ifr_hwaddr.sa_data, ETH_ALEN);

	return 0;
}