int pd_dvb_usb_device_init(struct poseidon *pd)
{
	struct pd_dvb_adapter *pd_dvb = &pd->dvb_data;
	struct dvb_demux *dvbdemux;
	int ret = 0;

	pd_dvb->ep_addr = 0x82;
	atomic_set(&pd_dvb->users, 0);
	atomic_set(&pd_dvb->active_feed, 0);
	pd_dvb->pd_device = pd;

	ret = dvb_register_adapter(&pd_dvb->dvb_adap,
				"Poseidon dvbt adapter",
				THIS_MODULE,
				NULL /* for hibernation correctly*/,
				adapter_nr);
	if (ret < 0)
		goto error1;

	/* register frontend */
	pd_dvb->dvb_fe.demodulator_priv = pd;
	memcpy(&pd_dvb->dvb_fe.ops, &poseidon_frontend_ops,
			sizeof(struct dvb_frontend_ops));
	ret = dvb_register_frontend(&pd_dvb->dvb_adap, &pd_dvb->dvb_fe);
	if (ret < 0)
		goto error2;

	/* register demux device */
	dvbdemux = &pd_dvb->demux;
	dvbdemux->dmx.capabilities = DMX_TS_FILTERING | DMX_SECTION_FILTERING;
	dvbdemux->priv = pd_dvb;
	dvbdemux->feednum = dvbdemux->filternum = 64;
	dvbdemux->start_feed = pd_start_feed;
	dvbdemux->stop_feed = pd_stop_feed;
	dvbdemux->write_to_decoder = NULL;

	ret = dvb_dmx_init(dvbdemux);
	if (ret < 0)
		goto error3;

	pd_dvb->dmxdev.filternum = pd_dvb->demux.filternum;
	pd_dvb->dmxdev.demux = &pd_dvb->demux.dmx;
	pd_dvb->dmxdev.capabilities = 0;

	ret = dvb_dmxdev_init(&pd_dvb->dmxdev, &pd_dvb->dvb_adap);
	if (ret < 0)
		goto error3;
	return 0;

error3:
	dvb_unregister_frontend(&pd_dvb->dvb_fe);
error2:
	dvb_unregister_adapter(&pd_dvb->dvb_adap);
error1:
	return ret;
}

static int pvr2_dvb_adapter_init(struct pvr2_dvb_adapter *adap)
{
	int ret;

	ret = dvb_register_adapter(&adap->dvb_adap, "pvrusb2-dvb",
				   THIS_MODULE/*                    */,
				   &adap->channel.hdw->usb_dev->dev,
				   adapter_nr);
	if (ret < 0) {
		pvr2_trace(PVR2_TRACE_ERROR_LEGS,
			   "dvb_register_adapter failed: error %d", ret);
		goto err;
	}
	adap->dvb_adap.priv = adap;

	adap->demux.dmx.capabilities = DMX_TS_FILTERING |
				       DMX_SECTION_FILTERING |
				       DMX_MEMORY_BASED_FILTERING;
	adap->demux.priv             = adap;
	adap->demux.filternum        = 256;
	adap->demux.feednum          = 256;
	adap->demux.start_feed       = pvr2_dvb_start_feed;
	adap->demux.stop_feed        = pvr2_dvb_stop_feed;
	adap->demux.write_to_decoder = NULL;

	ret = dvb_dmx_init(&adap->demux);
	if (ret < 0) {
		pvr2_trace(PVR2_TRACE_ERROR_LEGS,
			   "dvb_dmx_init failed: error %d", ret);
		goto err_dmx;
	}

	adap->dmxdev.filternum       = adap->demux.filternum;
	adap->dmxdev.demux           = &adap->demux.dmx;
	adap->dmxdev.capabilities    = 0;

	ret = dvb_dmxdev_init(&adap->dmxdev, &adap->dvb_adap);
	if (ret < 0) {
		pvr2_trace(PVR2_TRACE_ERROR_LEGS,
			   "dvb_dmxdev_init failed: error %d", ret);
		goto err_dmx_dev;
	}

	dvb_net_init(&adap->dvb_adap, &adap->dvb_net, &adap->demux.dmx);

	return 0;

err_dmx_dev:
	dvb_dmx_release(&adap->demux);
err_dmx:
	dvb_unregister_adapter(&adap->dvb_adap);
err:
	return ret;
}

static int __init avia_napi_init(void)
{
	int result;

	printk(KERN_INFO "$Id: avia_napi.c,v 1.18 2003/11/24 09:53:01 obi Exp $\n");

	if ((result = dvb_register_adapter(&adap, "C-Cube AViA GTX/eNX with AViA 500/600")) < 0) {
		printk(KERN_ERR "avia_napi: dvb_register_adapter failed (errno = %d)\n", result);
		return result;
	}

	if ((result = dvb_i2c_bridge_register(adap)) < 0) {
		printk(KERN_ERR "avia_napi: dvb_i2c_bridge_register failed (errno = %d)\n", result);
		dvb_unregister_adapter(adap);
		return result;
	}

	return 0;
}

static int register_dvb(struct tm6000_core *dev)
{
	int ret = -1;
	struct tm6000_dvb *dvb = dev->dvb;

	mutex_init(&dvb->mutex);

	dvb->streams = 0;

	/* attach the frontend */
	ret = tm6000_dvb_attach_frontend(dev);
	if (ret < 0) {
		printk(KERN_ERR "tm6000: couldn't attach the frontend!\n");
		goto err;
	}

	ret = dvb_register_adapter(&dvb->adapter, "Trident TVMaster 6000 DVB-T",
					THIS_MODULE, &dev->udev->dev, adapter_nr);
	dvb->adapter.priv = dev;

	if (dvb->frontend) {
		switch (dev->tuner_type) {
		case TUNER_XC2028: {
			struct xc2028_config cfg = {
				.i2c_adap = &dev->i2c_adap,
				.i2c_addr = dev->tuner_addr,
			};

			dvb->frontend->callback = tm6000_tuner_callback;
			ret = dvb_register_frontend(&dvb->adapter, dvb->frontend);
			if (ret < 0) {
				printk(KERN_ERR
					"tm6000: couldn't register frontend\n");
				goto adapter_err;
			}

			if (!dvb_attach(xc2028_attach, dvb->frontend, &cfg)) {
				printk(KERN_ERR "tm6000: couldn't register "
						"frontend (xc3028)\n");
				ret = -EINVAL;
				goto frontend_err;
			}
			printk(KERN_INFO "tm6000: XC2028/3028 asked to be "
					 "attached to frontend!\n");
			break;
			}
		case TUNER_XC5000: {
			struct xc5000_config cfg = {
				.i2c_address = dev->tuner_addr,
			};

			dvb->frontend->callback = tm6000_xc5000_callback;
			ret = dvb_register_frontend(&dvb->adapter, dvb->frontend);
			if (ret < 0) {
				printk(KERN_ERR
					"tm6000: couldn't register frontend\n");
				goto adapter_err;
			}

			if (!dvb_attach(xc5000_attach, dvb->frontend, &dev->i2c_adap, &cfg)) {
				printk(KERN_ERR "tm6000: couldn't register "
						"frontend (xc5000)\n");
				ret = -EINVAL;
				goto frontend_err;
			}
			printk(KERN_INFO "tm6000: XC5000 asked to be "
					 "attached to frontend!\n");
			break;
			}
		}
	} else
		printk(KERN_ERR "tm6000: no frontend found\n");

	dvb->demux.dmx.capabilities = DMX_TS_FILTERING | DMX_SECTION_FILTERING
							    | DMX_MEMORY_BASED_FILTERING;
	dvb->demux.priv = dev;
	dvb->demux.filternum = 8;
	dvb->demux.feednum = 8;
	dvb->demux.start_feed = tm6000_start_feed;
	dvb->demux.stop_feed = tm6000_stop_feed;
	dvb->demux.write_to_decoder = NULL;
	ret = dvb_dmx_init(&dvb->demux);
	if (ret < 0) {
		printk(KERN_ERR "tm6000: dvb_dmx_init failed (errno = %d)\n", ret);
		goto frontend_err;
	}

	dvb->dmxdev.filternum = dev->dvb->demux.filternum;
	dvb->dmxdev.demux = &dev->dvb->demux.dmx;
	dvb->dmxdev.capabilities = 0;

	ret =  dvb_dmxdev_init(&dvb->dmxdev, &dvb->adapter);
	if (ret < 0) {
		printk(KERN_ERR "tm6000: dvb_dmxdev_init failed (errno = %d)\n", ret);
		goto dvb_dmx_err;
	}

	return 0;

dvb_dmx_err:
//.........这里部分代码省略.........

int videobuf_dvb_register(struct videobuf_dvb *dvb,
			  struct module *module,
			  void *adapter_priv)
{
	int result;

	mutex_init(&dvb->lock);

	/* register adapter */
	result = dvb_register_adapter(&dvb->adapter, dvb->name, module);
	if (result < 0) {
		printk(KERN_WARNING "%s: dvb_register_adapter failed (errno = %d)\n",
		       dvb->name, result);
		goto fail_adapter;
	}
	dvb->adapter.priv = adapter_priv;

	/* register frontend */
	result = dvb_register_frontend(&dvb->adapter, dvb->frontend);
	if (result < 0) {
		printk(KERN_WARNING "%s: dvb_register_frontend failed (errno = %d)\n",
		       dvb->name, result);
		goto fail_frontend;
	}

	/* register demux stuff */
	dvb->demux.dmx.capabilities =
		DMX_TS_FILTERING | DMX_SECTION_FILTERING |
		DMX_MEMORY_BASED_FILTERING;
	dvb->demux.priv       = dvb;
	dvb->demux.filternum  = 256;
	dvb->demux.feednum    = 256;
	dvb->demux.start_feed = videobuf_dvb_start_feed;
	dvb->demux.stop_feed  = videobuf_dvb_stop_feed;
	result = dvb_dmx_init(&dvb->demux);
	if (result < 0) {
		printk(KERN_WARNING "%s: dvb_dmx_init failed (errno = %d)\n",
		       dvb->name, result);
		goto fail_dmx;
	}

	dvb->dmxdev.filternum    = 256;
	dvb->dmxdev.demux        = &dvb->demux.dmx;
	dvb->dmxdev.capabilities = 0;
	result = dvb_dmxdev_init(&dvb->dmxdev, &dvb->adapter);
	if (result < 0) {
		printk(KERN_WARNING "%s: dvb_dmxdev_init failed (errno = %d)\n",
		       dvb->name, result);
		goto fail_dmxdev;
	}

	dvb->fe_hw.source = DMX_FRONTEND_0;
	result = dvb->demux.dmx.add_frontend(&dvb->demux.dmx, &dvb->fe_hw);
	if (result < 0) {
		printk(KERN_WARNING "%s: add_frontend failed (DMX_FRONTEND_0, errno = %d)\n",
		       dvb->name, result);
		goto fail_fe_hw;
	}

	dvb->fe_mem.source = DMX_MEMORY_FE;
	result = dvb->demux.dmx.add_frontend(&dvb->demux.dmx, &dvb->fe_mem);
	if (result < 0) {
		printk(KERN_WARNING "%s: add_frontend failed (DMX_MEMORY_FE, errno = %d)\n",
		       dvb->name, result);
		goto fail_fe_mem;
	}

	result = dvb->demux.dmx.connect_frontend(&dvb->demux.dmx, &dvb->fe_hw);
	if (result < 0) {
		printk(KERN_WARNING "%s: connect_frontend failed (errno = %d)\n",
		       dvb->name, result);
		goto fail_fe_conn;
	}

	/* register network adapter */
	dvb_net_init(&dvb->adapter, &dvb->net, &dvb->demux.dmx);
	return 0;

fail_fe_conn:
	dvb->demux.dmx.remove_frontend(&dvb->demux.dmx, &dvb->fe_mem);
fail_fe_mem:
	dvb->demux.dmx.remove_frontend(&dvb->demux.dmx, &dvb->fe_hw);
fail_fe_hw:
	dvb_dmxdev_release(&dvb->dmxdev);
fail_dmxdev:
	dvb_dmx_release(&dvb->demux);
fail_dmx:
	dvb_unregister_frontend(dvb->frontend);
fail_frontend:
	dvb_unregister_adapter(&dvb->adapter);
fail_adapter:
	return result;
}

int __devinit mantis_dvb_init(struct mantis_pci *mantis)
{
	struct mantis_hwconfig *config = mantis->hwconfig;
	int result = -1;

	dprintk(MANTIS_DEBUG, 1, "dvb_register_adapter");

	result = dvb_register_adapter(&mantis->dvb_adapter,
				      "Mantis DVB adapter",
				      THIS_MODULE,
				      &mantis->pdev->dev,
				      adapter_nr);

	if (result < 0) {

		dprintk(MANTIS_ERROR, 1, "Error registering adapter");
		return -ENODEV;
	}

	mantis->dvb_adapter.priv	= mantis;
	mantis->demux.dmx.capabilities	= DMX_TS_FILTERING	|
					 DMX_SECTION_FILTERING	|
					 DMX_MEMORY_BASED_FILTERING;

	mantis->demux.priv		= mantis;
	mantis->demux.filternum		= 256;
	mantis->demux.feednum		= 256;
	mantis->demux.start_feed	= mantis_dvb_start_feed;
	mantis->demux.stop_feed		= mantis_dvb_stop_feed;
	mantis->demux.write_to_decoder	= NULL;

	dprintk(MANTIS_DEBUG, 1, "dvb_dmx_init");
	result = dvb_dmx_init(&mantis->demux);
	if (result < 0) {
		dprintk(MANTIS_ERROR, 1, "dvb_dmx_init failed, ERROR=%d", result);

		goto err0;
	}

	mantis->dmxdev.filternum	= 256;
	mantis->dmxdev.demux		= &mantis->demux.dmx;
	mantis->dmxdev.capabilities	= 0;
	dprintk(MANTIS_DEBUG, 1, "dvb_dmxdev_init");

	result = dvb_dmxdev_init(&mantis->dmxdev, &mantis->dvb_adapter);
	if (result < 0) {

		dprintk(MANTIS_ERROR, 1, "dvb_dmxdev_init failed, ERROR=%d", result);
		goto err1;
	}

	mantis->fe_hw.source		= DMX_FRONTEND_0;
	result = mantis->demux.dmx.add_frontend(&mantis->demux.dmx, &mantis->fe_hw);
	if (result < 0) {

		dprintk(MANTIS_ERROR, 1, "dvb_dmx_init failed, ERROR=%d", result);
		goto err2;
	}

	mantis->fe_mem.source		= DMX_MEMORY_FE;
	result = mantis->demux.dmx.add_frontend(&mantis->demux.dmx, &mantis->fe_mem);
	if (result < 0) {
		dprintk(MANTIS_ERROR, 1, "dvb_dmx_init failed, ERROR=%d", result);
		goto err3;
	}

	result = mantis->demux.dmx.connect_frontend(&mantis->demux.dmx, &mantis->fe_hw);
	if (result < 0) {
		dprintk(MANTIS_ERROR, 1, "dvb_dmx_init failed, ERROR=%d", result);
		goto err4;
	}

	dvb_net_init(&mantis->dvb_adapter, &mantis->dvbnet, &mantis->demux.dmx);
	tasklet_init(&mantis->tasklet, mantis_dma_xfer, (unsigned long) mantis);
	tasklet_disable(&mantis->tasklet);
	if (mantis->hwconfig) {
		result = config->frontend_init(mantis, mantis->fe);
		if (result < 0) {
			dprintk(MANTIS_ERROR, 1, "!!! NO Frontends found !!!");
			goto err5;
		} else {
			if (mantis->fe == NULL) {
				dprintk(MANTIS_ERROR, 1, "FE <NULL>");
				goto err5;
			}

			if (dvb_register_frontend(&mantis->dvb_adapter, mantis->fe)) {
				dprintk(MANTIS_ERROR, 1, "ERROR: Frontend registration failed");

				if (mantis->fe->ops.release)
					mantis->fe->ops.release(mantis->fe);

				mantis->fe = NULL;
				goto err5;
			}
		}
	}

	return 0;

//.........这里部分代码省略.........

int SysDVBRegisterAdapter(dvb_t dev, const char *name, int max_filters, void *device)
#endif

{
	int ret = 0;
	DVBDev *p = (DVBDev *)dev;

	DBG_fCDVB("\n");
	if( !p ) return -ENODEV;

	
	#if LINUX_VERSION_CODE > KERNEL_VERSION(2,6,17)
	if( !device ) return -EINVAL;
	#endif
	

#if 0 
	strncpy(p->name, name, sizeof(p->name));
#else
	SysStrNCpy(p->name, name, sizeof(p->name));
#endif 

	
	#if DVB_REG_NEWSTYLE
	#if 0 
	p->adapter = kmalloc(sizeof(struct dvb_adapter), GFP_KERNEL);
	#else
	p->adapter = SysKMalloc(sizeof(struct dvb_adapter)+512, eKMALLOC_KERNEL); 
	#endif
	DBG_fCDVB("p->adapter=%p\n", p->adapter);
	if(NULL == p->adapter) {
		DBG_fCDVB("cannot kmalloc DVB adapter\n");
		ret = -ENOMEM;
		goto fail0;
	}

	#if LINUX_VERSION_CODE > KERNEL_VERSION(2,6,25) 
	p->adapter->device = device;
	ret = dvb_register_adapter(p->adapter, p->name, THIS_MODULE, (struct device *)device, dvb_adapter_nr);
	
	#elif LINUX_VERSION_CODE > KERNEL_VERSION(2,6,17)
	p->adapter->device = device;
	ret = dvb_register_adapter(p->adapter, p->name, THIS_MODULE, (struct device *)device);
	#else
	ret = dvb_register_adapter(p->adapter, p->name, THIS_MODULE);
	#endif
	
	
	#else 
	ret = dvb_register_adapter(&p->adapter, p->name, THIS_MODULE);
	#endif 

	if(ret<0) {
#if 0 
		printk(KERN_WARNING "%s: failed to register adapter(%d)",
			p->name, ret);
#else
		SysPrintk(KERN_WARNING "%s: failed to register adapter(%d)",
                        p->name, ret);
#endif 
		goto fail1;
	}
#if 0 
	printk(KERN_INFO "%s registered DVB adapter %d\n", 
		name, p->adapter->num);
#else
	SysPrintk(KERN_INFO "%s registered DVB adapter %d\n", 
	                name, p->adapter->num);
#endif 

	
	#if LINUX_VERSION_CODE < KERNEL_VERSION(2,6,10)
	p->i2c_bus = dvb_register_i2c_bus(master_xfer, dev,
						  p->adapter, 111);
	if(!p->i2c_bus) {
		dvb_unregister_adapter(p->adapter);
#if 0 
		printk(KERN_WARNING "%s: failed to register dvb-i2c\n",
			p->name);
#else
		SysPrintk(KERN_WARNING "%s: failed to register dvb-i2c\n",
			p->name);
#endif 
		return -ENOMEM;
	}
	DBG_fCDVB("registered dvb-i2c %p\n", p->i2c_bus);
	#endif

	
	DBG_fCDVB("init software demux, demux_sw=%p\n", &p->demux_sw);
#if 0 
	memset(&p->demux_sw, 0, sizeof(struct dvb_demux)); 
#else
	SysMemSet(&p->demux_sw, 0, sizeof(struct dvb_demux)); 
#endif 
	p->demux_sw.priv = (void *)p;
	p->demux_sw.filternum = max_filters;
	p->demux_sw.feednum = max_filters;
	p->demux_sw.start_feed = demux_sw_start_feed;
	p->demux_sw.stop_feed = demux_sw_stop_feed;
//.........这里部分代码省略.........

int as102_dvb_register(struct as102_dev_t *as102_dev)
{
	struct device *dev = &as102_dev->bus_adap.usb_dev->dev;
	int ret;

	ret = dvb_register_adapter(&as102_dev->dvb_adap,
			   as102_dev->name, THIS_MODULE,
			   dev, adapter_nr);
	if (ret < 0) {
		dev_err(dev, "%s: dvb_register_adapter() failed: %d\n",
			__func__, ret);
		return ret;
	}

	as102_dev->dvb_dmx.priv = as102_dev;
	as102_dev->dvb_dmx.filternum = pid_filtering ? 16 : 256;
	as102_dev->dvb_dmx.feednum = 256;
	as102_dev->dvb_dmx.start_feed = as102_dvb_dmx_start_feed;
	as102_dev->dvb_dmx.stop_feed = as102_dvb_dmx_stop_feed;

	as102_dev->dvb_dmx.dmx.capabilities = DMX_TS_FILTERING |
					      DMX_SECTION_FILTERING;

	as102_dev->dvb_dmxdev.filternum = as102_dev->dvb_dmx.filternum;
	as102_dev->dvb_dmxdev.demux = &as102_dev->dvb_dmx.dmx;
	as102_dev->dvb_dmxdev.capabilities = 0;

	ret = dvb_dmx_init(&as102_dev->dvb_dmx);
	if (ret < 0) {
		dev_err(dev, "%s: dvb_dmx_init() failed: %d\n", __func__, ret);
		goto edmxinit;
	}

	ret = dvb_dmxdev_init(&as102_dev->dvb_dmxdev, &as102_dev->dvb_adap);
	if (ret < 0) {
		dev_err(dev, "%s: dvb_dmxdev_init() failed: %d\n",
			__func__, ret);
		goto edmxdinit;
	}

	ret = as102_dvb_register_fe(as102_dev, &as102_dev->dvb_fe);
	if (ret < 0) {
		dev_err(dev, "%s: as102_dvb_register_frontend() failed: %d",
		    __func__, ret);
		goto efereg;
	}

	/* init bus mutex for token locking */
	mutex_init(&as102_dev->bus_adap.lock);

	/* init start / stop stream mutex */
	mutex_init(&as102_dev->sem);

	/*
	 * try to load as102 firmware. If firmware upload failed, we'll be
	 * able to upload it later.
	 */
	if (fw_upload)
		try_then_request_module(as102_fw_upload(&as102_dev->bus_adap),
				"firmware_class");

	pr_info("Registered device %s", as102_dev->name);
	return 0;

efereg:
	dvb_dmxdev_release(&as102_dev->dvb_dmxdev);
edmxdinit:
	dvb_dmx_release(&as102_dev->dvb_dmx);
edmxinit:
	dvb_unregister_adapter(&as102_dev->dvb_adap);
	return ret;
}

static int dvb_register(struct au0828_dev *dev)
{
	struct au0828_dvb *dvb = &dev->dvb;
	int result;

	dprintk(1, "%s()\n", __func__);

	INIT_WORK(&dev->restart_streaming, au0828_restart_dvb_streaming);

	/* register adapter */
	result = dvb_register_adapter(&dvb->adapter, DRIVER_NAME, THIS_MODULE,
				      &dev->usbdev->dev, adapter_nr);
	if (result < 0) {
		printk(KERN_ERR "%s: dvb_register_adapter failed "
		       "(errno = %d)\n", DRIVER_NAME, result);
		goto fail_adapter;
	}
	dvb->adapter.priv = dev;

	/* register frontend */
	result = dvb_register_frontend(&dvb->adapter, dvb->frontend);
	if (result < 0) {
		printk(KERN_ERR "%s: dvb_register_frontend failed "
		       "(errno = %d)\n", DRIVER_NAME, result);
		goto fail_frontend;
	}

	/* register demux stuff */
	dvb->demux.dmx.capabilities =
		DMX_TS_FILTERING | DMX_SECTION_FILTERING |
		DMX_MEMORY_BASED_FILTERING;
	dvb->demux.priv       = dev;
	dvb->demux.filternum  = 256;
	dvb->demux.feednum    = 256;
	dvb->demux.start_feed = au0828_dvb_start_feed;
	dvb->demux.stop_feed  = au0828_dvb_stop_feed;
	result = dvb_dmx_init(&dvb->demux);
	if (result < 0) {
		printk(KERN_ERR "%s: dvb_dmx_init failed (errno = %d)\n",
		       DRIVER_NAME, result);
		goto fail_dmx;
	}

	dvb->dmxdev.filternum    = 256;
	dvb->dmxdev.demux        = &dvb->demux.dmx;
	dvb->dmxdev.capabilities = 0;
	result = dvb_dmxdev_init(&dvb->dmxdev, &dvb->adapter);
	if (result < 0) {
		printk(KERN_ERR "%s: dvb_dmxdev_init failed (errno = %d)\n",
		       DRIVER_NAME, result);
		goto fail_dmxdev;
	}

	dvb->fe_hw.source = DMX_FRONTEND_0;
	result = dvb->demux.dmx.add_frontend(&dvb->demux.dmx, &dvb->fe_hw);
	if (result < 0) {
		printk(KERN_ERR "%s: add_frontend failed "
		       "(DMX_FRONTEND_0, errno = %d)\n", DRIVER_NAME, result);
		goto fail_fe_hw;
	}

	dvb->fe_mem.source = DMX_MEMORY_FE;
	result = dvb->demux.dmx.add_frontend(&dvb->demux.dmx, &dvb->fe_mem);
	if (result < 0) {
		printk(KERN_ERR "%s: add_frontend failed "
		       "(DMX_MEMORY_FE, errno = %d)\n", DRIVER_NAME, result);
		goto fail_fe_mem;
	}

	result = dvb->demux.dmx.connect_frontend(&dvb->demux.dmx, &dvb->fe_hw);
	if (result < 0) {
		printk(KERN_ERR "%s: connect_frontend failed (errno = %d)\n",
		       DRIVER_NAME, result);
		goto fail_fe_conn;
	}

	/* register network adapter */
	dvb_net_init(&dvb->adapter, &dvb->net, &dvb->demux.dmx);
	return 0;

fail_fe_conn:
	dvb->demux.dmx.remove_frontend(&dvb->demux.dmx, &dvb->fe_mem);
fail_fe_mem:
	dvb->demux.dmx.remove_frontend(&dvb->demux.dmx, &dvb->fe_hw);
fail_fe_hw:
	dvb_dmxdev_release(&dvb->dmxdev);
fail_dmxdev:
	dvb_dmx_release(&dvb->demux);
fail_dmx:
	dvb_unregister_frontend(dvb->frontend);
fail_frontend:
	dvb_frontend_detach(dvb->frontend);
	dvb_unregister_adapter(&dvb->adapter);
fail_adapter:
	return result;
}

static int em28xx_register_dvb(struct em28xx_dvb *dvb, struct module *module,
			       struct em28xx *dev, struct device *device)
{
	int result;

	mutex_init(&dvb->lock);

	/* register adapter */
	result = dvb_register_adapter(&dvb->adapter, dev->name, module, device,
				      adapter_nr);
	if (result < 0) {
		printk(KERN_WARNING "%s: dvb_register_adapter failed (errno = %d)\n",
		       dev->name, result);
		goto fail_adapter;
	}

	/* Ensure all frontends negotiate bus access */
	dvb->fe[0]->ops.ts_bus_ctrl = em28xx_dvb_bus_ctrl;
	if (dvb->fe[1])
		dvb->fe[1]->ops.ts_bus_ctrl = em28xx_dvb_bus_ctrl;

	dvb->adapter.priv = &dev->i2c_bus[dev->def_i2c_bus];

	/* register frontend */
	result = dvb_register_frontend(&dvb->adapter, dvb->fe[0]);
	if (result < 0) {
		printk(KERN_WARNING "%s: dvb_register_frontend failed (errno = %d)\n",
		       dev->name, result);
		goto fail_frontend0;
	}

	/* register 2nd frontend */
	if (dvb->fe[1]) {
		result = dvb_register_frontend(&dvb->adapter, dvb->fe[1]);
		if (result < 0) {
			printk(KERN_WARNING "%s: 2nd dvb_register_frontend failed (errno = %d)\n",
				dev->name, result);
			goto fail_frontend1;
		}
	}

	/* register demux stuff */
	dvb->demux.dmx.capabilities =
		DMX_TS_FILTERING | DMX_SECTION_FILTERING |
		DMX_MEMORY_BASED_FILTERING;
	dvb->demux.priv       = dvb;
	dvb->demux.filternum  = 256;
	dvb->demux.feednum    = 256;
	dvb->demux.start_feed = em28xx_start_feed;
	dvb->demux.stop_feed  = em28xx_stop_feed;

	result = dvb_dmx_init(&dvb->demux);
	if (result < 0) {
		printk(KERN_WARNING "%s: dvb_dmx_init failed (errno = %d)\n",
		       dev->name, result);
		goto fail_dmx;
	}

	dvb->dmxdev.filternum    = 256;
	dvb->dmxdev.demux        = &dvb->demux.dmx;
	dvb->dmxdev.capabilities = 0;
	result = dvb_dmxdev_init(&dvb->dmxdev, &dvb->adapter);
	if (result < 0) {
		printk(KERN_WARNING "%s: dvb_dmxdev_init failed (errno = %d)\n",
		       dev->name, result);
		goto fail_dmxdev;
	}

	dvb->fe_hw.source = DMX_FRONTEND_0;
	result = dvb->demux.dmx.add_frontend(&dvb->demux.dmx, &dvb->fe_hw);
	if (result < 0) {
		printk(KERN_WARNING "%s: add_frontend failed (DMX_FRONTEND_0, errno = %d)\n",
		       dev->name, result);
		goto fail_fe_hw;
	}

	dvb->fe_mem.source = DMX_MEMORY_FE;
	result = dvb->demux.dmx.add_frontend(&dvb->demux.dmx, &dvb->fe_mem);
	if (result < 0) {
		printk(KERN_WARNING "%s: add_frontend failed (DMX_MEMORY_FE, errno = %d)\n",
		       dev->name, result);
		goto fail_fe_mem;
	}

	result = dvb->demux.dmx.connect_frontend(&dvb->demux.dmx, &dvb->fe_hw);
	if (result < 0) {
		printk(KERN_WARNING "%s: connect_frontend failed (errno = %d)\n",
		       dev->name, result);
		goto fail_fe_conn;
	}

	/* register network adapter */
	dvb_net_init(&dvb->adapter, &dvb->net, &dvb->demux.dmx);
	return 0;

fail_fe_conn:
	dvb->demux.dmx.remove_frontend(&dvb->demux.dmx, &dvb->fe_mem);
fail_fe_mem:
	dvb->demux.dmx.remove_frontend(&dvb->demux.dmx, &dvb->fe_hw);
fail_fe_hw:
//.........这里部分代码省略.........

static int smsdvb_hotplug(struct smscore_device_t *coredev,
			  struct device *device, int arrival)
{
	struct smsclient_params_t params;
	struct smsdvb_client_t *client;
	int rc;

	/* device removal handled by onremove callback */
	if (!arrival)
		return 0;

	if (smscore_get_device_mode(coredev) != 4) {
		sms_err("SMS Device mode is not set for "
			"DVB operation.");
		return 0;
	}

	client = kzalloc(sizeof(struct smsdvb_client_t), GFP_KERNEL);
	if (!client) {
		sms_err("kmalloc() failed");
		return -ENOMEM;
	}

	/* register dvb adapter */
	rc = dvb_register_adapter(&client->adapter,
				  sms_get_board(
					smscore_get_board_id(coredev))->name,
				  THIS_MODULE, device, adapter_nr);
	if (rc < 0) {
		sms_err("dvb_register_adapter() failed %d", rc);
		goto adapter_error;
	}

	/* init dvb demux */
	client->demux.dmx.capabilities = DMX_TS_FILTERING;
	client->demux.filternum = 32; /* todo: nova ??? */
	client->demux.feednum = 32;
	client->demux.start_feed = smsdvb_start_feed;
	client->demux.stop_feed = smsdvb_stop_feed;

	rc = dvb_dmx_init(&client->demux);
	if (rc < 0) {
		sms_err("dvb_dmx_init failed %d", rc);
		goto dvbdmx_error;
	}

	/* init dmxdev */
	client->dmxdev.filternum = 32;
	client->dmxdev.demux = &client->demux.dmx;
	client->dmxdev.capabilities = 0;

	rc = dvb_dmxdev_init(&client->dmxdev, &client->adapter);
	if (rc < 0) {
		sms_err("dvb_dmxdev_init failed %d", rc);
		goto dmxdev_error;
	}

	/* init and register frontend */
	memcpy(&client->frontend.ops, &smsdvb_fe_ops,
	       sizeof(struct dvb_frontend_ops));

	rc = dvb_register_frontend(&client->adapter, &client->frontend);
	if (rc < 0) {
		sms_err("frontend registration failed %d", rc);
		goto frontend_error;
	}

	params.initial_id = 1;
	params.data_type = MSG_SMS_DVBT_BDA_DATA;
	params.onresponse_handler = smsdvb_onresponse;
	params.onremove_handler = smsdvb_onremove;
	params.context = client;

	rc = smscore_register_client(coredev, &params, &client->smsclient);
	if (rc < 0) {
		sms_err("smscore_register_client() failed %d", rc);
		goto client_error;
	}

	client->coredev = coredev;

	init_completion(&client->tune_done);
	init_completion(&client->stat_done);

	kmutex_lock(&g_smsdvb_clientslock);

	list_add(&client->entry, &g_smsdvb_clients);

	kmutex_unlock(&g_smsdvb_clientslock);

	sms_info("success");

	sms_board_setup(coredev);

	return 0;

client_error:
	dvb_unregister_frontend(&client->frontend);

frontend_error:
//.........这里部分代码省略.........

static int dvb_usbv2_adapter_dvb_init(struct dvb_usb_adapter *adap)
{
	int ret;
	struct dvb_usb_device *d = adap_to_d(adap);
	dev_dbg(&d->udev->dev, "%s: adap=%d\n", __func__, adap->id);

	ret = dvb_register_adapter(&adap->dvb_adap, d->name, d->props->owner,
			&d->udev->dev, d->props->adapter_nr);
	if (ret < 0) {
		dev_dbg(&d->udev->dev, "%s: dvb_register_adapter() failed=%d\n",
				__func__, ret);
		goto err_dvb_register_adapter;
	}

	adap->dvb_adap.priv = adap;

	if (d->props->read_mac_address) {
		ret = d->props->read_mac_address(adap,
				adap->dvb_adap.proposed_mac);
		if (ret < 0)
			goto err_dvb_dmx_init;

		dev_info(&d->udev->dev, "%s: MAC address: %pM\n",
				KBUILD_MODNAME, adap->dvb_adap.proposed_mac);
	}

	adap->demux.dmx.capabilities = DMX_TS_FILTERING | DMX_SECTION_FILTERING;
	adap->demux.priv             = adap;
	adap->demux.filternum        = 0;
	adap->demux.filternum        = adap->max_feed_count;
	adap->demux.feednum          = adap->demux.filternum;
	adap->demux.start_feed       = dvb_usb_start_feed;
	adap->demux.stop_feed        = dvb_usb_stop_feed;
	adap->demux.write_to_decoder = NULL;
	ret = dvb_dmx_init(&adap->demux);
	if (ret < 0) {
		dev_err(&d->udev->dev, "%s: dvb_dmx_init() failed=%d\n",
				KBUILD_MODNAME, ret);
		goto err_dvb_dmx_init;
	}

	adap->dmxdev.filternum       = adap->demux.filternum;
	adap->dmxdev.demux           = &adap->demux.dmx;
	adap->dmxdev.capabilities    = 0;
	ret = dvb_dmxdev_init(&adap->dmxdev, &adap->dvb_adap);
	if (ret < 0) {
		dev_err(&d->udev->dev, "%s: dvb_dmxdev_init() failed=%d\n",
				KBUILD_MODNAME, ret);
		goto err_dvb_dmxdev_init;
	}

	ret = dvb_net_init(&adap->dvb_adap, &adap->dvb_net, &adap->demux.dmx);
	if (ret < 0) {
		dev_err(&d->udev->dev, "%s: dvb_net_init() failed=%d\n",
				KBUILD_MODNAME, ret);
		goto err_dvb_net_init;
	}

	return 0;
err_dvb_net_init:
	dvb_dmxdev_release(&adap->dmxdev);
err_dvb_dmxdev_init:
	dvb_dmx_release(&adap->demux);
err_dvb_dmx_init:
	dvb_unregister_adapter(&adap->dvb_adap);
err_dvb_register_adapter:
	adap->dvb_adap.priv = NULL;
	return ret;
}

int dvb_usb_adapter_dvb_init(struct dvb_usb_adapter *adap, short *adapter_nums)
{
	int i;
	int ret = dvb_register_adapter(&adap->dvb_adap, adap->dev->desc->name,
				       adap->dev->owner, &adap->dev->udev->dev,
				       adapter_nums);

	if (ret < 0) {
		deb_info("dvb_register_adapter failed: error %d", ret);
		goto err;
	}
	adap->dvb_adap.priv = adap;
	adap->dvb_adap.fe_ioctl_override = adap->props.fe_ioctl_override;

	if (adap->dev->props.read_mac_address) {
		if (adap->dev->props.read_mac_address(adap->dev,adap->dvb_adap.proposed_mac) == 0)
			info("MAC address: %pM",adap->dvb_adap.proposed_mac);
		else
			err("MAC address reading failed.");
	}


	adap->demux.dmx.capabilities = DMX_TS_FILTERING | DMX_SECTION_FILTERING;
	adap->demux.priv             = adap;

	adap->demux.filternum        = 0;
	for (i = 0; i < adap->props.num_frontends; i++) {
		if (adap->demux.filternum < adap->fe_adap[i].max_feed_count)
			adap->demux.filternum = adap->fe_adap[i].max_feed_count;
	}
	adap->demux.feednum          = adap->demux.filternum;
	adap->demux.start_feed       = dvb_usb_start_feed;
	adap->demux.stop_feed        = dvb_usb_stop_feed;
	adap->demux.write_to_decoder = NULL;
	if ((ret = dvb_dmx_init(&adap->demux)) < 0) {
		err("dvb_dmx_init failed: error %d",ret);
		goto err_dmx;
	}

	adap->dmxdev.filternum       = adap->demux.filternum;
	adap->dmxdev.demux           = &adap->demux.dmx;
	adap->dmxdev.capabilities    = 0;
	if ((ret = dvb_dmxdev_init(&adap->dmxdev, &adap->dvb_adap)) < 0) {
		err("dvb_dmxdev_init failed: error %d",ret);
		goto err_dmx_dev;
	}

	if ((ret = dvb_net_init(&adap->dvb_adap, &adap->dvb_net,
						&adap->demux.dmx)) < 0) {
		err("dvb_net_init failed: error %d",ret);
		goto err_net_init;
	}

	adap->state |= DVB_USB_ADAP_STATE_DVB;
	return 0;

err_net_init:
	dvb_dmxdev_release(&adap->dmxdev);
err_dmx_dev:
	dvb_dmx_release(&adap->demux);
err_dmx:
	dvb_unregister_adapter(&adap->dvb_adap);
err:
	return ret;
}

static int smsdvb_hotplug(struct smscore_device_t *coredev,
			  struct device *device, int arrival)
{
	struct smsclient_params_t params;
	struct smsdvb_client_t *client;
	int rc;

	/* device removal handled by onremove callback */
	if (!arrival)
		return 0;
	client = kzalloc(sizeof(struct smsdvb_client_t), GFP_KERNEL);
	if (!client)
		return -ENOMEM;

	/* register dvb adapter */
	rc = dvb_register_adapter(&client->adapter,
				  sms_get_board(
					smscore_get_board_id(coredev))->name,
				  THIS_MODULE, device, adapter_nr);
	if (rc < 0) {
		pr_err("dvb_register_adapter() failed %d\n", rc);
		goto adapter_error;
	}
	dvb_register_media_controller(&client->adapter, coredev->media_dev);

	/* init dvb demux */
	client->demux.dmx.capabilities = DMX_TS_FILTERING;
	client->demux.filternum = 32; /* todo: nova ??? */
	client->demux.feednum = 32;
	client->demux.start_feed = smsdvb_start_feed;
	client->demux.stop_feed = smsdvb_stop_feed;

	rc = dvb_dmx_init(&client->demux);
	if (rc < 0) {
		pr_err("dvb_dmx_init failed %d\n", rc);
		goto dvbdmx_error;
	}

	/* init dmxdev */
	client->dmxdev.filternum = 32;
	client->dmxdev.demux = &client->demux.dmx;
	client->dmxdev.capabilities = 0;

	rc = dvb_dmxdev_init(&client->dmxdev, &client->adapter);
	if (rc < 0) {
		pr_err("dvb_dmxdev_init failed %d\n", rc);
		goto dmxdev_error;
	}

	/* init and register frontend */
	memcpy(&client->frontend.ops, &smsdvb_fe_ops,
	       sizeof(struct dvb_frontend_ops));

	switch (smscore_get_device_mode(coredev)) {
	case DEVICE_MODE_DVBT:
	case DEVICE_MODE_DVBT_BDA:
		client->frontend.ops.delsys[0] = SYS_DVBT;
		break;
	case DEVICE_MODE_ISDBT:
	case DEVICE_MODE_ISDBT_BDA:
		client->frontend.ops.delsys[0] = SYS_ISDBT;
		break;
	}

	rc = dvb_register_frontend(&client->adapter, &client->frontend);
	if (rc < 0) {
		pr_err("frontend registration failed %d\n", rc);
		goto frontend_error;
	}

	params.initial_id = 1;
	params.data_type = MSG_SMS_DVBT_BDA_DATA;
	params.onresponse_handler = smsdvb_onresponse;
	params.onremove_handler = smsdvb_onremove;
	params.context = client;

	rc = smscore_register_client(coredev, &params, &client->smsclient);
	if (rc < 0) {
		pr_err("smscore_register_client() failed %d\n", rc);
		goto client_error;
	}

	client->coredev = coredev;

	init_completion(&client->tune_done);
	init_completion(&client->stats_done);

	kmutex_lock(&g_smsdvb_clientslock);

	list_add(&client->entry, &g_smsdvb_clients);

	kmutex_unlock(&g_smsdvb_clientslock);

	client->event_fe_state = -1;
	client->event_unc_state = -1;
	sms_board_dvb3_event(client, DVB3_EVENT_HOTPLUG);

	sms_board_setup(coredev);

	if (smsdvb_debugfs_create(client) < 0)
//.........这里部分代码省略.........

int as102_dvb_register(struct as102_dev_t *as102_dev)
{
	int ret = 0;
	ENTER();

	dprintk(debug,"1 dvb_register_adapter\n");
	
	ret = dvb_register_adapter(&as102_dev->dvb_adap,
				   as102_dev->name,
				   THIS_MODULE,
				   &as102_dev->bus_adap.usb_dev->dev,
				   adapter_nr
				   );
	if (ret < 0) {
		err("%s: dvb_register_adapter() failed (errno = %d)",
		    __func__, ret);
		goto failed;
	}

/*j00zek comment: We don't initiate demux here as we use one from player2*/
#if 0

	as102_dev->dvb_dmx.priv = as102_dev;
	as102_dev->dvb_dmx.filternum = pid_filtering ? 16 : 256;
	as102_dev->dvb_dmx.feednum = 256;
	as102_dev->dvb_dmx.start_feed = as102_dvb_dmx_start_feed;
	as102_dev->dvb_dmx.stop_feed = as102_dvb_dmx_stop_feed;

	as102_dev->dvb_dmx.write_to_decoder = NULL;
	as102_dev->dvb_dmx.dmx.set_source = NULL; //as102_dvb_dmx_SetSource;
	
	as102_dev->dvb_dmx.dmx.capabilities = DMX_TS_FILTERING |
					      DMX_SECTION_FILTERING | DMX_MEMORY_BASED_FILTERING;


	as102_dev->dvb_dmxdev.filternum = as102_dev->dvb_dmx.filternum;
	as102_dev->dvb_dmxdev.demux = &as102_dev->dvb_dmx.dmx;
	as102_dev->dvb_dmxdev.capabilities = 0;


	dprintk(debug,"3 dvb_dmx_init\n");
	ret = dvb_dmx_init(&as102_dev->dvb_dmx);
	if (ret < 0) {
		err("%s: dvb_dmx_init() failed (errno = %d)", __func__, ret);
		goto failed;
	}

	dprintk(debug,"4 dvb_dmxdev_init\n");
	ret = dvb_dmxdev_init(&as102_dev->dvb_dmxdev, &as102_dev->dvb_adap);
	if (ret < 0) {
		err("%s: dvb_dmxdev_init() failed (errno = %d)", __func__,
		    ret);
		goto failed;
	}
#endif

	dprintk(debug,"2 dvb_register_frontend\n");
	ret = as102_dvb_register_fe(as102_dev, &as102_dev->dvb_fe);
	if (ret < 0) {
		err("%s: as102_dvb_register_frontend() failed (errno = %d)",
		    __func__, ret);
		goto failed;
	}

	/* init bus mutex for token locking */
	mutex_init(&as102_dev->bus_adap.lock);

	/* init start / stop stream mutex */
	mutex_init(&as102_dev->sem);

#if defined(CONFIG_FW_LOADER) || defined(CONFIG_FW_LOADER_MODULE)
	/*
	 * try to load as102 firmware. If firmware upload failed, we'll be
	 * able to upload it later.
	 */
	if (fw_upload)
		try_then_request_module(as102_fw_upload(&as102_dev->bus_adap),
				"firmware_class");
#endif

	/* start/stop pid from dvb_demux.c */
	as102_dev_ = as102_dev;//store dvb_adapter to use later when feeding from demux_player2
	extern_startfeed_init(as102_dvb_dmx_start_feed,as102_dvb_dmx_stop_feed);

failed:
	LEAVE();
	/* FIXME: free dvb_XXX */
	return ret;
}

int fdtv_dvb_register(struct firedtv *fdtv, const char *name)
{
	int err;

	err = dvb_register_adapter(&fdtv->adapter, name,
				   THIS_MODULE, fdtv->device, adapter_nr);
	if (err < 0)
		goto fail_log;

	/*DMX_TS_FILTERING | DMX_SECTION_FILTERING*/
	fdtv->demux.dmx.capabilities = 0;

	fdtv->demux.priv	= fdtv;
	fdtv->demux.filternum	= 16;
	fdtv->demux.feednum	= 16;
	fdtv->demux.start_feed	= fdtv_start_feed;
	fdtv->demux.stop_feed	= fdtv_stop_feed;
	fdtv->demux.write_to_decoder = NULL;

	err = dvb_dmx_init(&fdtv->demux);
	if (err)
		goto fail_unreg_adapter;

	fdtv->dmxdev.filternum    = 16;
	fdtv->dmxdev.demux        = &fdtv->demux.dmx;
	fdtv->dmxdev.capabilities = 0;

	err = dvb_dmxdev_init(&fdtv->dmxdev, &fdtv->adapter);
	if (err)
		goto fail_dmx_release;

	fdtv->frontend.source = DMX_FRONTEND_0;

	err = fdtv->demux.dmx.add_frontend(&fdtv->demux.dmx, &fdtv->frontend);
	if (err)
		goto fail_dmxdev_release;

	err = fdtv->demux.dmx.connect_frontend(&fdtv->demux.dmx,
					       &fdtv->frontend);
	if (err)
		goto fail_rem_frontend;

	err = dvb_net_init(&fdtv->adapter, &fdtv->dvbnet, &fdtv->demux.dmx);
	if (err)
		goto fail_disconnect_frontend;

	fdtv_frontend_init(fdtv, name);
	err = dvb_register_frontend(&fdtv->adapter, &fdtv->fe);
	if (err)
		goto fail_net_release;

	err = fdtv_ca_register(fdtv);
	if (err)
		dev_info(fdtv->device,
			 "Conditional Access Module not enabled\n");
	return 0;

fail_net_release:
	dvb_net_release(&fdtv->dvbnet);
fail_disconnect_frontend:
	fdtv->demux.dmx.close(&fdtv->demux.dmx);
fail_rem_frontend:
	fdtv->demux.dmx.remove_frontend(&fdtv->demux.dmx, &fdtv->frontend);
fail_dmxdev_release:
	dvb_dmxdev_release(&fdtv->dmxdev);
fail_dmx_release:
	dvb_dmx_release(&fdtv->demux);
fail_unreg_adapter:
	dvb_unregister_adapter(&fdtv->adapter);
fail_log:
	dev_err(fdtv->device, "DVB initialization failed\n");
	return err;
}

int ttpci_budget_init (struct budget *budget,
		       struct saa7146_dev* dev,
		       struct saa7146_pci_extension_data *info)
{
	int length = TS_WIDTH*TS_HEIGHT;
	int ret = 0;
	struct budget_info *bi = info->ext_priv;

	memset(budget, 0, sizeof(struct budget));

	DEB_EE(("dev: %p, budget: %p\n", dev, budget));

	budget->card = bi;
	budget->dev = (struct saa7146_dev *) dev;

	dvb_register_adapter(&budget->dvb_adapter, budget->card->name, THIS_MODULE);

	/* set dd1 stream a & b */
      	saa7146_write(dev, DD1_STREAM_B, 0x00000000);
	saa7146_write(dev, MC2, (MASK_09 | MASK_25));
	saa7146_write(dev, MC2, (MASK_10 | MASK_26));
	saa7146_write(dev, DD1_INIT, 0x02000000);
	saa7146_write(dev, MC2, (MASK_09 | MASK_25 | MASK_10 | MASK_26));

       	if (bi->type != BUDGET_FS_ACTIVY)
		budget->video_port = BUDGET_VIDEO_PORTB;
	else
		budget->video_port = BUDGET_VIDEO_PORTA;
	spin_lock_init(&budget->feedlock);

	/* the Siemens DVB needs this if you want to have the i2c chips
           get recognized before the main driver is loaded */
	if (bi->type != BUDGET_FS_ACTIVY)
		saa7146_write(dev, GPIO_CTRL, 0x500000); /* GPIO 3 = 1 */
	
	saa7146_i2c_adapter_prepare(dev, NULL, 0,