Caffe::Caffe()
    : cublas_handle_(NULL),cusparse_handle_(NULL),cusparse_descr_(NULL),curand_generator_(NULL),random_generator_(),mode_(Caffe::CPU), solver_count_(1), root_solver_(true){
  // Try to create a cublas handler, and report an error if failed (but we will
  // keep the program running as one might just want to run CPU code).
    LOG(INFO)<<"caffe init.";
    if (cublasCreate(&cublas_handle_) != CUBLAS_STATUS_SUCCESS) {
    LOG(ERROR) << "Cannot create Cublas handle. Cublas won't be available.";
  }
//add cusparse handler
  if (cusparseCreate(&cusparse_handle_)!=CUSPARSE_STATUS_SUCCESS){
    LOG(ERROR) << "cannot create Cusparse handle,Cusparse won't be available.";
  }
 if(cusparseCreateMatDescr(&cusparse_descr_)!=CUSPARSE_STATUS_SUCCESS){
   LOG(ERROR) << "cannot create Cusparse descr,descr won't be available.";
 }else{
  cusparseSetMatType(cusparse_descr_,CUSPARSE_MATRIX_TYPE_GENERAL);
  cusparseSetMatIndexBase(cusparse_descr_,CUSPARSE_INDEX_BASE_ZERO);
  LOG(INFO)<<"init descr";
 }
  // Try to create a curand handler.
  if (curandCreateGenerator(&curand_generator_, CURAND_RNG_PSEUDO_DEFAULT)
      != CURAND_STATUS_SUCCESS ||
      curandSetPseudoRandomGeneratorSeed(curand_generator_, cluster_seedgen())
      != CURAND_STATUS_SUCCESS) {
    LOG(ERROR) << "Cannot create Curand generator. Curand won't be available.";
  }
  LOG(INFO)<<"caffe finish";
}

 CudaSparseSingleton()
 {
   cusparseCreate( & handle );
   cusparseCreateMatDescr( & descra );
   cusparseSetMatType(       descra , CUSPARSE_MATRIX_TYPE_GENERAL );
   cusparseSetMatIndexBase(  descra , CUSPARSE_INDEX_BASE_ZERO );
 }

// initialize CUDA
ssp_cuda *ssp_init_cuda() {
    ssp_cuda *cudaHandle = (ssp_cuda*)malloc(sizeof(ssp_cuda));
    if (!cudaHandle) {
        fprintf(stderr,"ssp_init_cuda: cudaHandle memory allocation failed.\n");
        return NULL;
    }
    cudaHandle->cusparse_handle = 0;
    cudaHandle->cusparse_matDescr = 0;

    cusparseStatus_t status = cusparseCreate(&cudaHandle->cusparse_handle);

    if (status != CUSPARSE_STATUS_SUCCESS) {
        ssp_finalize_cuda(cudaHandle);

        fprintf(stderr,"ssp_init_cuda: cusparse initialization failed.\n");
        return NULL;
    }

    status = cusparseCreateMatDescr(&cudaHandle->cusparse_matDescr); 
    if (status != CUSPARSE_STATUS_SUCCESS) {
        ssp_finalize_cuda(cudaHandle);

        fprintf(stderr,"ssp_init_cuda: cusparse matrix setup failed.\n");
        return NULL;
    }       
    cusparseSetMatType(cudaHandle->cusparse_matDescr,CUSPARSE_MATRIX_TYPE_GENERAL);
    cusparseSetMatIndexBase(cudaHandle->cusparse_matDescr,CUSPARSE_INDEX_BASE_ZERO);


    return cudaHandle;
}

    xDense2Csr(StatisticalTimer& timer) : cusparseFunc(timer)
    {
        cusparseStatus_t err = cusparseCreateMatDescr(&descrA);
        CUDA_V_THROW(err, "cusparseCreateMatDescr failed");

        err = cusparseSetMatType(descrA, CUSPARSE_MATRIX_TYPE_GENERAL);
        CUDA_V_THROW(err, "cusparseSetMatType failed");

        err = cusparseSetMatIndexBase(descrA, CUSPARSE_INDEX_BASE_ZERO);
        CUDA_V_THROW(err, "cusparseSetMatIndexBase failed");

        n_rows = 0;
        n_cols = 0;
        n_vals = 0;

        device_col_indices = nullptr;
        device_row_offsets = nullptr;

        device_values = nullptr;
        device_A      = nullptr;
        nnzPerRow     = nullptr;

        devRowOffsets = nullptr;
        devColIndices = nullptr;
        devValues     = nullptr;
    }// end

void Caffe::SetDevice(const int device_id) {
  int current_device;
  CUDA_CHECK(cudaGetDevice(&current_device));
  if (current_device == device_id) {
    return;
  }
  // The call to cudaSetDevice must come before any calls to Get, which
  // may perform initialization using the GPU.
  CUDA_CHECK(cudaSetDevice(device_id));
  if (Get().cublas_handle_) CUBLAS_CHECK(cublasDestroy(Get().cublas_handle_));
  if (Get().cusparse_descr_)CUSPARSE_CHECK(cusparseDestroyMatDescr(Get().cusparse_descr_));
  if (Get().cusparse_handle_)CUSPARSE_CHECK(cusparseDestroy(Get().cusparse_handle_));
  if (Get().curand_generator_) {
    CURAND_CHECK(curandDestroyGenerator(Get().curand_generator_));
  }
  CUSPARSE_CHECK(cusparseCreate(&Get().cusparse_handle_));
  CUSPARSE_CHECK(cusparseCreateMatDescr(&Get().cusparse_descr_));
//  cusparseSetMatType(cusparse_descr_,CUSPARSE_MATRIX_TYPE_GENERAL);
//  cusparseSetMatIndexBase(cusparse_descr_,CUSPARSE_INDEX_BASE_ZERO);
  LOG(INFO)<<"set descr";
  CUBLAS_CHECK(cublasCreate(&Get().cublas_handle_));
  CURAND_CHECK(curandCreateGenerator(&Get().curand_generator_,
      CURAND_RNG_PSEUDO_DEFAULT));
  CURAND_CHECK(curandSetPseudoRandomGeneratorSeed(Get().curand_generator_,
      cluster_seedgen()));
}

    cuSparseHandleType(bool transposeA, bool transposeB){
      cusparseStatus_t status;
      status= cusparseCreate(&handle);
      if (status != CUSPARSE_STATUS_SUCCESS) {
        std::cerr << ("cusparseCreate ERROR") << std::endl;
        return;
      }
      cusparseSetPointerMode(handle, CUSPARSE_POINTER_MODE_HOST);

      if (transposeA){
        transA = CUSPARSE_OPERATION_TRANSPOSE;
      }
      else {
        transA  = CUSPARSE_OPERATION_NON_TRANSPOSE;
      }
      if (transposeB){
        transB = CUSPARSE_OPERATION_TRANSPOSE;
      }
      else {
        transB  = CUSPARSE_OPERATION_NON_TRANSPOSE;
      }


      status = cusparseCreateMatDescr(&a_descr);
      if (status != CUSPARSE_STATUS_SUCCESS) {
        std::cerr << "cusparseCreateMatDescr a_descr ERROR" << std::endl;
        return;
      }
      cusparseSetMatType(a_descr,CUSPARSE_MATRIX_TYPE_GENERAL);
      cusparseSetMatIndexBase(a_descr,CUSPARSE_INDEX_BASE_ZERO);

      status = cusparseCreateMatDescr(&b_descr);
      if (status != CUSPARSE_STATUS_SUCCESS) {
        std::cerr << ("cusparseCreateMatDescr b_descr ERROR") << std::endl;
        return;
      }
      cusparseSetMatType(b_descr,CUSPARSE_MATRIX_TYPE_GENERAL);
      cusparseSetMatIndexBase(b_descr,CUSPARSE_INDEX_BASE_ZERO);

      status = cusparseCreateMatDescr(&c_descr);
      if (status != CUSPARSE_STATUS_SUCCESS) {
        std::cerr << ("cusparseCreateMatDescr  c_descr ERROR") << std::endl;
        return;
      }
      cusparseSetMatType(c_descr,CUSPARSE_MATRIX_TYPE_GENERAL);
      cusparseSetMatIndexBase(c_descr,CUSPARSE_INDEX_BASE_ZERO);
    }

magma_int_t
magma_dapplycuicc_l( magma_d_vector b, magma_d_vector *x, 
                    magma_d_preconditioner *precond ){

            double one = MAGMA_D_MAKE( 1.0, 0.0);

            // CUSPARSE context //
            cusparseHandle_t cusparseHandle;
            cusparseStatus_t cusparseStatus;
            cusparseStatus = cusparseCreate(&cusparseHandle);
             if(cusparseStatus != 0)    printf("error in Handle.\n");


            cusparseMatDescr_t descrL;
            cusparseStatus = cusparseCreateMatDescr(&descrL);
             if(cusparseStatus != 0)    printf("error in MatrDescr.\n");

            cusparseStatus =
            cusparseSetMatType(descrL,CUSPARSE_MATRIX_TYPE_TRIANGULAR);
             if(cusparseStatus != 0)    printf("error in MatrType.\n");

            cusparseStatus =
            cusparseSetMatDiagType (descrL, CUSPARSE_DIAG_TYPE_NON_UNIT);
             if(cusparseStatus != 0)    printf("error in DiagType.\n");


            cusparseStatus =
            cusparseSetMatFillMode(descrL,CUSPARSE_FILL_MODE_LOWER);
             if(cusparseStatus != 0)    printf("error in fillmode.\n");

            cusparseStatus =
            cusparseSetMatIndexBase(descrL,CUSPARSE_INDEX_BASE_ZERO);
             if(cusparseStatus != 0)    printf("error in IndexBase.\n");


            // end CUSPARSE context //

            cusparseStatus =
            cusparseDcsrsv_solve(   cusparseHandle, 
                                    CUSPARSE_OPERATION_NON_TRANSPOSE, 
                                    precond->M.num_rows, &one, 
                                    descrL,
                                    precond->M.val,
                                    precond->M.row,
                                    precond->M.col,
                                    precond->cuinfoL,
                                    b.val,
                                    x->val );
             if(cusparseStatus != 0)   printf("error in L triangular solve:%p.\n", precond->cuinfoL );

    cusparseDestroyMatDescr( descrL );
    cusparseDestroy( cusparseHandle );
    magma_device_sync();
    return MAGMA_SUCCESS;



}

		void sparse_fully_connected_1x1_layer_tester_cuda::enqueue_forward_propagation(
			cudaStream_t stream_id,
			cuda_linear_buffer_device::ptr output_buffer,
			const std::vector<cuda_linear_buffer_device::const_ptr>& schema_data,
			const std::vector<cuda_linear_buffer_device::const_ptr>& data,
			const std::vector<cuda_linear_buffer_device::const_ptr>& data_custom,
			const std::vector<cuda_linear_buffer_device::const_ptr>& input_buffers,
			const std::vector<cuda_linear_buffer_device::const_ptr>& persistent_working_data,
			cuda_linear_buffer_device::ptr temporary_working_fixed_buffer,
			cuda_linear_buffer_device::ptr temporary_working_per_entry_buffer,
			unsigned int entry_count)
		{
			{
				cusparse_safe_call(cusparseSetStream(cuda_config->get_cusparse_handle(), stream_id));
				float alpha = 1.0F;
				float beta = 0.0F;
				cusparseMatDescr_t mat_descr;
				cusparse_safe_call(cusparseCreateMatDescr(&mat_descr));
				cusparse_safe_call(cusparseScsrmm(
					cuda_config->get_cusparse_handle(),
					CUSPARSE_OPERATION_NON_TRANSPOSE,
					output_elem_count_per_entry,
					entry_count,
					input_elem_count_per_entry_list[0],
					feature_map_connection_count,
					&alpha,
					mat_descr,
					*data[0],
					*data_custom[1],
					*data_custom[0],
					*input_buffers[0],
					input_elem_count_per_entry_list[0],
					&beta,
					*output_buffer,
					output_elem_count_per_entry));
			}

			// Add bias
			{
				cudnn_safe_call(cudnnSetStream(cuda_config->get_cudnn_handle(), stream_id));
				cudnn_util::set_tensor_descriptor(
					output_data_desc,
					output_configuration_specific,
					entry_count);
				float alpha = 1.0F;
				float beta = 1.0F;
				cudnn_safe_call(cudnnAddTensor(
					cuda_config->get_cudnn_handle(),
					&alpha,
					bias_desc,
					*data[1],
					&beta,
					output_data_desc,
					*output_buffer));
			}
		}

    xCsr2Dense( StatisticalTimer& timer, bool read_explicit_zeroes = true ): cusparseFunc( timer )
    {
        cusparseStatus_t err = cusparseCreateMatDescr( &descrA );
        CUDA_V_THROW( err, "cusparseCreateMatDescr failed" );

        err = cusparseSetMatType( descrA, CUSPARSE_MATRIX_TYPE_GENERAL );
        CUDA_V_THROW( err, "cusparseSetMatType failed" );

        err = cusparseSetMatIndexBase( descrA, CUSPARSE_INDEX_BASE_ZERO );
        CUDA_V_THROW( err, "cusparseSetMatIndexBase failed" );

        n_rows = 0;
        n_cols = 0;
        n_vals = 0;
        explicit_zeroes = read_explicit_zeroes;
    }

  CudaSparseSingleton()
  {
    status = cusparseCreate(&handle);
    if(status != CUSPARSE_STATUS_SUCCESS)
    {
      throw std::runtime_error( std::string("ERROR - CUSPARSE Library Initialization failed" ) );
    }

    status = cusparseCreateMatDescr(&descra);
    if(status != CUSPARSE_STATUS_SUCCESS)
    {
      throw std::runtime_error( std::string("ERROR - CUSPARSE Library Matrix descriptor failed" ) );
    }

    cusparseSetMatType(descra , CUSPARSE_MATRIX_TYPE_GENERAL);
    cusparseSetMatIndexBase(descra , CUSPARSE_INDEX_BASE_ZERO);
  }

extern "C" magma_int_t
magma_capplycumicc_l(
    magma_c_matrix b,
    magma_c_matrix *x,
    magma_c_preconditioner *precond,
    magma_queue_t queue )
{
    magma_int_t info = 0;
    
    cusparseHandle_t cusparseHandle=NULL;
    cusparseMatDescr_t descrL=NULL;
    
    magmaFloatComplex one = MAGMA_C_MAKE( 1.0, 0.0);

    // CUSPARSE context //
    CHECK_CUSPARSE( cusparseCreate( &cusparseHandle ));
    CHECK_CUSPARSE( cusparseSetStream( cusparseHandle, queue ));
    CHECK_CUSPARSE( cusparseCreateMatDescr( &descrL ));
    CHECK_CUSPARSE( cusparseSetMatType( descrL, CUSPARSE_MATRIX_TYPE_TRIANGULAR ));
    CHECK_CUSPARSE( cusparseSetMatDiagType( descrL, CUSPARSE_DIAG_TYPE_NON_UNIT ));
    CHECK_CUSPARSE( cusparseSetMatFillMode( descrL, CUSPARSE_FILL_MODE_LOWER ));
    CHECK_CUSPARSE( cusparseSetMatIndexBase( descrL, CUSPARSE_INDEX_BASE_ZERO ));
    CHECK_CUSPARSE( cusparseCcsrsm_solve( cusparseHandle,
                            CUSPARSE_OPERATION_NON_TRANSPOSE,
                            precond->M.num_rows,
                            b.num_rows*b.num_cols/precond->M.num_rows,
                            &one,
                            descrL,
                            precond->M.dval,
                            precond->M.drow,
                            precond->M.dcol,
                            precond->cuinfoL,
                            b.dval,
                            precond->M.num_rows,
                            x->dval,
                            precond->M.num_rows ));
    
    magma_device_sync();

cleanup:
    cusparseDestroyMatDescr( descrL );
    cusparseDestroy( cusparseHandle );
    return info; 
}

	sparse_matrix::sparse_matrix(sparse_matrix::descriptor_t descriptor,
	                             int rows, int cols, int nonzeros,
	                             const double* values, const int* col_ptr, const int* row_ind)
		: descrA(), m(), n(), nnz(), csrValA(), csrRowPtrA(), csrColIndA()
	{
		// Create descriptor
		assert(cusparseCreateMatDescr(&descrA) == cudaSuccess);
        assert(cusparseSetMatIndexBase(descrA, CUSPARSE_INDEX_BASE_ZERO) == cudaSuccess);

		// Set descriptor fields
		switch (descriptor) {
		case non_symmetric:
			assert(cusparseSetMatDiagType(descrA, CUSPARSE_DIAG_TYPE_NON_UNIT)    == cudaSuccess);
			assert(cusparseSetMatType    (descrA, CUSPARSE_MATRIX_TYPE_GENERAL)   == cudaSuccess);
			assert(cusparseSetMatFillMode(descrA, CUSPARSE_FILL_MODE_LOWER)       == cudaSuccess); // doesn't matter which, presumably
			break;
		case symmetric_lower:
			assert(cusparseSetMatDiagType(descrA, CUSPARSE_DIAG_TYPE_NON_UNIT)    == cudaSuccess);
			assert(cusparseSetMatType    (descrA, CUSPARSE_MATRIX_TYPE_SYMMETRIC) == cudaSuccess);
			assert(cusparseSetMatFillMode(descrA, CUSPARSE_FILL_MODE_UPPER)       == cudaSuccess); // upper since we're coming with CSC and storing as CSR
			break;
		case symmetric_upper:
			assert(cusparseSetMatDiagType(descrA, CUSPARSE_DIAG_TYPE_NON_UNIT)    == cudaSuccess);
			assert(cusparseSetMatType    (descrA, CUSPARSE_MATRIX_TYPE_SYMMETRIC) == cudaSuccess);
			assert(cusparseSetMatFillMode(descrA, CUSPARSE_FILL_MODE_LOWER)       == cudaSuccess); // lower since we're coming with CSC and storing as CSR
			break;
		}

		// Switch rows and cols becuase we're coming with CSC and storing as CSR
		n = rows;
		m = cols;
		nnz = nonzeros;

		// Allocate memory
		assert(cudaMalloc(reinterpret_cast<void**>(&csrValA),      nnz * sizeof(double)) == cudaSuccess);
		assert(cudaMalloc(reinterpret_cast<void**>(&csrRowPtrA), (m+1) * sizeof(int))    == cudaSuccess);
		assert(cudaMalloc(reinterpret_cast<void**>(&csrColIndA),   nnz * sizeof(int))    == cudaSuccess);

		// Copy values
		assert(cudaMemcpy(csrValA,    values,  nnz * sizeof(double), cudaMemcpyHostToDevice) == cudaSuccess);
		assert(cudaMemcpy(csrRowPtrA, col_ptr, (m+1) * sizeof(int),  cudaMemcpyHostToDevice) == cudaSuccess);
		assert(cudaMemcpy(csrColIndA, row_ind, nnz * sizeof(int),    cudaMemcpyHostToDevice) == cudaSuccess);
	}

int TxMatrixOptimizationDataCU::ingestLocalMatrix(SparseMatrix& A) {
  std::vector<local_int_t> i(A.localNumberOfRows + 1, 0);
  // Slight overallocation for these arrays
  std::vector<local_int_t> j;
  j.reserve(A.localNumberOfNonzeros);
  std::vector<double> a;
  a.reserve(A.localNumberOfNonzeros);
  scatterFromHalo.setNumRows(A.localNumberOfRows);
  scatterFromHalo.setNumCols(A.localNumberOfColumns);
  scatterFromHalo.clear();
  // We're splitting the matrix into diagonal and off-diagonal block to
  // enable overlapping of computation and communication.
  i[0] = 0;
  for (local_int_t m = 0; m < A.localNumberOfRows; ++m) {
    local_int_t nonzerosInRow = 0;
    for (local_int_t n = 0; n < A.nonzerosInRow[m]; ++n) {
      local_int_t col = A.mtxIndL[m][n];
      if (col < A.localNumberOfRows) {
        j.push_back(col);
        a.push_back(A.matrixValues[m][n]);
        ++nonzerosInRow;
      } else {
        scatterFromHalo.addEntry(m, col, A.matrixValues[m][n]);
      }
    }
    i[m + 1] = i[m] + nonzerosInRow;
  }

  // Setup SpMV data on Device
  cudaError_t err = cudaSuccess;
  int* i_d;
  err = cudaMalloc((void**)&i_d, i.size() * sizeof(i[0]));
  CHKCUDAERR(err);
  err = cudaMemcpy(i_d, &i[0], i.size() * sizeof(i[0]), cudaMemcpyHostToDevice);
  CHKCUDAERR(err);
  int* j_d;
  err = cudaMalloc((void**)&j_d, j.size() * sizeof(j[0]));
  CHKCUDAERR(err);
  err = cudaMemcpy(j_d, &j[0], j.size() * sizeof(j[0]), cudaMemcpyHostToDevice);
  CHKCUDAERR(err);
  double* a_d;
  err = cudaMalloc((void**)&a_d, a.size() * sizeof(a[0]));
  CHKCUDAERR(err);
  err = cudaMemcpy(a_d, &a[0], a.size() * sizeof(a[0]), cudaMemcpyHostToDevice);
  CHKCUDAERR(err);
  cusparseStatus_t cerr = CUSPARSE_STATUS_SUCCESS;
  cerr = cusparseCreateMatDescr(&matDescr);
  CHKCUSPARSEERR(cerr);
  cerr = cusparseSetMatIndexBase(matDescr, CUSPARSE_INDEX_BASE_ZERO);
  CHKCUSPARSEERR(cerr);
  cerr = cusparseSetMatType(matDescr, CUSPARSE_MATRIX_TYPE_GENERAL);
  CHKCUSPARSEERR(cerr);
  cerr = cusparseCreateHybMat(&localMatrix);
  CHKCUSPARSEERR(cerr);
  cerr = cusparseDcsr2hyb(handle, A.localNumberOfRows, A.localNumberOfColumns,
                          matDescr, a_d, i_d, j_d, localMatrix, 27,
                          CUSPARSE_HYB_PARTITION_USER);
  CHKCUSPARSEERR(cerr);

#ifndef HPCG_NOMPI
  err = cudaMalloc((void**)&elementsToSend,
                   A.totalToBeSent * sizeof(*elementsToSend));
  CHKCUDAERR(err);
  err = cudaMemcpy(elementsToSend, A.elementsToSend,
                   A.totalToBeSent * sizeof(*elementsToSend),
                   cudaMemcpyHostToDevice);
  CHKCUDAERR(err);
  err = cudaMalloc((void**)&sendBuffer_d, A.totalToBeSent * sizeof(double));
  CHKCUDAERR(err);
#endif

  // Set up the GS data.
  gelusStatus_t gerr = GELUS_STATUS_SUCCESS;
  gelusSolveDescription_t solveDescr;
  gerr = gelusCreateSolveDescr(&solveDescr);
  CHKGELUSERR(gerr);
  gerr = gelusSetSolveOperation(solveDescr, GELUS_OPERATION_NON_TRANSPOSE);
  CHKGELUSERR(gerr);
  gerr = gelusSetSolveFillMode(solveDescr, GELUS_FILL_MODE_FULL);
  CHKGELUSERR(gerr);
  gerr = gelusSetSolveStorageFormat(solveDescr, GELUS_STORAGE_FORMAT_HYB);
  CHKGELUSERR(gerr);
  gerr = gelusSetOptimizationLevel(solveDescr, GELUS_OPTIMIZATION_LEVEL_THREE);
  CHKGELUSERR(gerr);

  gerr = cugelusCreateSorIterationData(&gsContext);
  CHKGELUSERR(gerr);

#ifdef HPCG_DEBUG
  std::cout << A.localNumberOfRows << std::endl;
  std::cout << A.localNumberOfColumns << std::endl;
  std::cout << A.localNumberOfNonzeros << std::endl;
  int myrank;
  MPI_Comm_rank(MPI_COMM_WORLD, &myrank);
  if (myrank == 0) {
    dumpMatrix(std::cout, i, j, a);
  }
#endif

  gerr = cugelusDcsrsor_iteration_analysis(
//.........这里部分代码省略.........

/* Solve Ax=b using the conjugate gradient method a) without any preconditioning, b) using an Incomplete Cholesky preconditioner and c) using an ILU0 preconditioner. */
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
    const int max_iter = 1000;
    int k, M = 0, N = 0, nz = 0, *I = NULL, *J = NULL;
    int *d_col, *d_row;
    int qatest = 0;
    const float tol = 1e-12f;
    float *x, *rhs;
    float r0, r1, alpha, beta;
    float *d_val, *d_x;
    float *d_zm1, *d_zm2, *d_rm2;
    float *d_r, *d_p, *d_omega, *d_y;
    float *val = NULL;
    float *d_valsILU0;
    float *valsILU0;
    float rsum, diff, err = 0.0;
    float qaerr1, qaerr2 = 0.0;
    float dot, numerator, denominator, nalpha;
    const float floatone = 1.0;
    const float floatzero = 0.0;

    int nErrors = 0;

    printf("conjugateGradientPrecond starting...\n");

    /* QA testing mode */
    if (checkCmdLineFlag(argc, (const char **)argv, "qatest"))
    {
        qatest = 1;
    }

    /* This will pick the best possible CUDA capable device */
    cudaDeviceProp deviceProp;
    int devID = findCudaDevice(argc, (const char **)argv);
    printf("GPU selected Device ID = %d \n", devID);

    if (devID < 0)
    {
        printf("Invalid GPU device %d selected,  exiting...\n", devID);
        exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
    }

    checkCudaErrors(cudaGetDeviceProperties(&deviceProp, devID));

    /* Statistics about the GPU device */
    printf("> GPU device has %d Multi-Processors, SM %d.%d compute capabilities\n\n",
           deviceProp.multiProcessorCount, deviceProp.major, deviceProp.minor);

    int version = (deviceProp.major * 0x10 + deviceProp.minor);

    if (version < 0x11)
    {
        printf("%s: requires a minimum CUDA compute 1.1 capability\n", sSDKname);

        // cudaDeviceReset causes the driver to clean up all state. While
        // not mandatory in normal operation, it is good practice.  It is also
        // needed to ensure correct operation when the application is being
        // profiled. Calling cudaDeviceReset causes all profile data to be
        // flushed before the application exits
        cudaDeviceReset();
        exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
    }

    /* Generate a random tridiagonal symmetric matrix in CSR (Compressed Sparse Row) format */
    M = N = 16384;
    nz = 5*N-4*(int)sqrt((double)N);
    I = (int *)malloc(sizeof(int)*(N+1));                              // csr row pointers for matrix A
    J = (int *)malloc(sizeof(int)*nz);                                 // csr column indices for matrix A
    val = (float *)malloc(sizeof(float)*nz);                           // csr values for matrix A
    x = (float *)malloc(sizeof(float)*N);
    rhs = (float *)malloc(sizeof(float)*N);

    for (int i = 0; i < N; i++)
    {
        rhs[i] = 0.0;                                                  // Initialize RHS
        x[i] = 0.0;                                                    // Initial approximation of solution
    }

    genLaplace(I, J, val, M, N, nz, rhs);

    /* Create CUBLAS context */
    cublasHandle_t cublasHandle = 0;
    cublasStatus_t cublasStatus;
    cublasStatus = cublasCreate(&cublasHandle);

    checkCudaErrors(cublasStatus);

    /* Create CUSPARSE context */
    cusparseHandle_t cusparseHandle = 0;
    cusparseStatus_t cusparseStatus;
    cusparseStatus = cusparseCreate(&cusparseHandle);

    checkCudaErrors(cusparseStatus);

    /* Description of the A matrix*/
    cusparseMatDescr_t descr = 0;
    cusparseStatus = cusparseCreateMatDescr(&descr);

    checkCudaErrors(cusparseStatus);
//.........这里部分代码省略.........

extern "C" magma_int_t
magma_d_spmv(
    double alpha,
    magma_d_matrix A,
    magma_d_matrix x,
    double beta,
    magma_d_matrix y,
    magma_queue_t queue )
{
    magma_int_t info = 0;

    magma_d_matrix x2={Magma_CSR};

    cusparseHandle_t cusparseHandle = 0;
    cusparseMatDescr_t descr = 0;
    // make sure RHS is a dense matrix
    if ( x.storage_type != Magma_DENSE ) {
         printf("error: only dense vectors are supported for SpMV.\n");
         info = MAGMA_ERR_NOT_SUPPORTED;
         goto cleanup;
    }

    if ( A.memory_location != x.memory_location ||
                            x.memory_location != y.memory_location ) {
        printf("error: linear algebra objects are not located in same memory!\n");
        printf("memory locations are: %d   %d   %d\n",
                        A.memory_location, x.memory_location, y.memory_location );
        info = MAGMA_ERR_INVALID_PTR;
        goto cleanup;
    }

    // DEV case
    if ( A.memory_location == Magma_DEV ) {
        if ( A.num_cols == x.num_rows && x.num_cols == 1 ) {
             if ( A.storage_type == Magma_CSR || A.storage_type == Magma_CUCSR
                            || A.storage_type == Magma_CSRL
                            || A.storage_type == Magma_CSRU ) {
              CHECK_CUSPARSE( cusparseCreate( &cusparseHandle ));
              CHECK_CUSPARSE( cusparseSetStream( cusparseHandle, queue->cuda_stream() ));
              CHECK_CUSPARSE( cusparseCreateMatDescr( &descr ));
            
              CHECK_CUSPARSE( cusparseSetMatType( descr, CUSPARSE_MATRIX_TYPE_GENERAL ));
              CHECK_CUSPARSE( cusparseSetMatIndexBase( descr, CUSPARSE_INDEX_BASE_ZERO ));
            
              cusparseDcsrmv( cusparseHandle,CUSPARSE_OPERATION_NON_TRANSPOSE,
                            A.num_rows, A.num_cols, A.nnz, &alpha, descr,
                            A.dval, A.drow, A.dcol, x.dval, &beta, y.dval );
             }
             else if ( A.storage_type == Magma_ELL ) {
                 //printf("using ELLPACKT kernel for SpMV: ");
                 CHECK( magma_dgeelltmv( MagmaNoTrans, A.num_rows, A.num_cols,
                    A.max_nnz_row, alpha, A.dval, A.dcol, x.dval, beta,
                    y.dval, queue ));
                 //printf("done.\n");
             }
             else if ( A.storage_type == Magma_ELLPACKT ) {
                 //printf("using ELL kernel for SpMV: ");
                 CHECK( magma_dgeellmv( MagmaNoTrans, A.num_rows, A.num_cols,
                    A.max_nnz_row, alpha, A.dval, A.dcol, x.dval, beta,
                    y.dval, queue ));
                 //printf("done.\n");
             }
             else if ( A.storage_type == Magma_ELLRT ) {
                 //printf("using ELLRT kernel for SpMV: ");
                 CHECK( magma_dgeellrtmv( MagmaNoTrans, A.num_rows, A.num_cols,
                            A.max_nnz_row, alpha, A.dval, A.dcol, A.drow, x.dval,
                         beta, y.dval, A.alignment, A.blocksize, queue ));
                 //printf("done.\n");
             }
             else if ( A.storage_type == Magma_SELLP ) {
                 //printf("using SELLP kernel for SpMV: ");
                 CHECK( magma_dgesellpmv( MagmaNoTrans, A.num_rows, A.num_cols,
                    A.blocksize, A.numblocks, A.alignment,
                    alpha, A.dval, A.dcol, A.drow, x.dval, beta, y.dval, queue ));

                 //printf("done.\n");
             }
             else if ( A.storage_type == Magma_DENSE ) {
                 //printf("using DENSE kernel for SpMV: ");
                 magmablas_dgemv( MagmaNoTrans, A.num_rows, A.num_cols, alpha,
                                A.dval, A.num_rows, x.dval, 1, beta,  y.dval,
                                1, queue );
                 //printf("done.\n");
             }
             else if ( A.storage_type == Magma_SPMVFUNCTION ) {
                 //printf("using DENSE kernel for SpMV: ");
                 CHECK( magma_dcustomspmv( alpha, x, beta, y, queue ));
                 //printf("done.\n");
             }
             else if ( A.storage_type == Magma_BCSR ) {
                 //printf("using CUSPARSE BCSR kernel for SpMV: ");
                // CUSPARSE context //
                cusparseDirection_t dirA = CUSPARSE_DIRECTION_ROW;
                int mb = magma_ceildiv( A.num_rows, A.blocksize );
                int nb = magma_ceildiv( A.num_cols, A.blocksize );
                CHECK_CUSPARSE( cusparseCreate( &cusparseHandle ));
                CHECK_CUSPARSE( cusparseSetStream( cusparseHandle, queue->cuda_stream() ));
                CHECK_CUSPARSE( cusparseCreateMatDescr( &descr ));
                cusparseDbsrmv( cusparseHandle, dirA,
                    CUSPARSE_OPERATION_NON_TRANSPOSE, mb, nb, A.numblocks,
//.........这里部分代码省略.........

//.........这里部分代码省略.........
/*	for(i=0;i<m+1;i++)
	{
		rowmIndex[i]=G.rowIndex[i];
		printf(" %d", rowmIndex[i]);
	}
*/
	cerr<<"Solving Equations    "<<endl;


    double r1, b, alpha, alpham1, beta, r0, a, na;
    
    
    const double tol = 0.1;
    const int max_iter = 1000000;
    int *d_col, *d_row;
    double *d_val, *d_x, dot;
    double *d_r, *d_p, *d_Ax;
    int k;
    
    cublasHandle_t cublasHandle = 0;
    cublasStatus_t cublasStatus;
    cublasStatus = cublasCreate(&cublasHandle);

    checkCudaErrors(cublasStatus);

    /* Get handle to the CUSPARSE context */
    cusparseHandle_t cusparseHandle = 0;
    cusparseStatus_t cusparseStatus;
    cusparseStatus = cusparseCreate(&cusparseHandle);

    checkCudaErrors(cusparseStatus);

    cusparseMatDescr_t descr = 0;
    cusparseStatus = cusparseCreateMatDescr(&descr);

    checkCudaErrors(cusparseStatus);

    cusparseSetMatType(descr,CUSPARSE_MATRIX_TYPE_GENERAL);
    cusparseSetMatIndexBase(descr,CUSPARSE_INDEX_BASE_ZERO);

    checkCudaErrors(cudaMalloc((void **)&d_col, G.nonzero*sizeof(int)));
    checkCudaErrors(cudaMalloc((void **)&d_row, (m+n+1)*sizeof(int)));
    checkCudaErrors(cudaMalloc((void **)&d_val, G.nonzero*sizeof(double)));
    checkCudaErrors(cudaMalloc((void **)&d_x, (m+n)*sizeof(double)));
    checkCudaErrors(cudaMalloc((void **)&d_r, (m+n)*sizeof(double)));
    checkCudaErrors(cudaMalloc((void **)&d_p, (m+n)*sizeof(double)));
    checkCudaErrors(cudaMalloc((void **)&d_Ax, (m+n)*sizeof(double)));

    cudaMemcpy(d_col, G.columns, G.nonzero*sizeof(int), cudaMemcpyHostToDevice);
    cudaMemcpy(d_row, G.rowIndex, (m+n+1)*sizeof(int), cudaMemcpyHostToDevice);
    cudaMemcpy(d_val, G.Mat_val, G.nonzero*sizeof(double), cudaMemcpyHostToDevice);
    cudaMemcpy(d_x, G.x, (m+n)*sizeof(double), cudaMemcpyHostToDevice);
    cudaMemcpy(d_r, G.b, (m+n)*sizeof(double), cudaMemcpyHostToDevice);

    alpha = 1.0;
    alpham1 = -1.0;
    beta = 0.0;
    r0 = 0.;

    printf("\n Data transferred\n");

    	cudaEvent_t start,stop;
	cudaEventCreate(&start);
	cudaEventCreate(&stop);
	
	cudaEventRecord(start, 0);

//.........这里部分代码省略.........

        // convert to SELLP and copy to GPU
        TESTING_CHECK( magma_smconvert(  hA, &hA_SELLP, Magma_CSR, Magma_SELLP, queue ));
        TESTING_CHECK( magma_smtransfer( hA_SELLP, &dA_SELLP, Magma_CPU, Magma_DEV, queue ));
        magma_smfree(&hA_SELLP, queue );
        magma_smfree( &dy, queue );
        TESTING_CHECK( magma_svinit( &dy, Magma_DEV, dx.num_rows, dx.num_cols, c_zero, queue ));
        // SpMV on GPU (SELLP)
        start = magma_sync_wtime( queue );
        for (j=0; j < 10; j++) {
            TESTING_CHECK( magma_s_spmv( c_one, dA_SELLP, dx, c_zero, dy, queue ));
        }
        end = magma_sync_wtime( queue );
        printf( " > MAGMA: %.2e seconds %.2e GFLOP/s    (SELLP).\n",
                                        (end-start)/10, FLOPS*10.*n/(end-start) );

        TESTING_CHECK( magma_smtransfer( dy, &hcheck , Magma_DEV, Magma_CPU, queue ));
        res = 0.0;
        for(magma_int_t k=0; k < hA.num_rows; k++ ) {
            res=res + MAGMA_S_REAL(hcheck.val[k]) - MAGMA_S_REAL(hrefvec.val[k]);
        }
        printf("%% |x-y|_F = %8.2e\n", res);
        if ( res < accuracy )
            printf("%% tester spmm SELL-P:  ok\n");
        else
            printf("%% tester spmm SELL-P:  failed\n");
        magma_smfree( &hcheck, queue );
        magma_smfree(&dA_SELLP, queue );



        // SpMV on GPU (CUSPARSE - CSR)
        // CUSPARSE context //
        magma_smfree( &dy, queue );
        TESTING_CHECK( magma_svinit( &dy, Magma_DEV, dx.num_rows, dx.num_cols, c_zero, queue ));
        //#ifdef PRECISION_d
        start = magma_sync_wtime( queue );
        TESTING_CHECK( cusparseCreate( &cusparseHandle ));
        TESTING_CHECK( cusparseSetStream( cusparseHandle, magma_queue_get_cuda_stream(queue) ));
        TESTING_CHECK( cusparseCreateMatDescr( &descr ));
        TESTING_CHECK( cusparseSetMatType( descr, CUSPARSE_MATRIX_TYPE_GENERAL ));
        TESTING_CHECK( cusparseSetMatIndexBase( descr, CUSPARSE_INDEX_BASE_ZERO ));
        float alpha = c_one;
        float beta = c_zero;

        // copy matrix to GPU
        TESTING_CHECK( magma_smtransfer( hA, &dA, Magma_CPU, Magma_DEV, queue) );

        for (j=0; j < 10; j++) {
            cusparseScsrmm(cusparseHandle,
                    CUSPARSE_OPERATION_NON_TRANSPOSE,
                    dA.num_rows,   n, dA.num_cols, dA.nnz,
                    &alpha, descr, dA.dval, dA.drow, dA.dcol,
                    dx.dval, dA.num_cols, &beta, dy.dval, dA.num_cols);
        }
        end = magma_sync_wtime( queue );
        printf( " > CUSPARSE: %.2e seconds %.2e GFLOP/s    (CSR).\n",
                                        (end-start)/10, FLOPS*10*n/(end-start) );

        TESTING_CHECK( magma_smtransfer( dy, &hcheck , Magma_DEV, Magma_CPU, queue ));
        res = 0.0;
        for(magma_int_t k=0; k < hA.num_rows; k++ ) {
            res = res + MAGMA_S_REAL(hcheck.val[k]) - MAGMA_S_REAL(hrefvec.val[k]);
        }
        printf("%% |x-y|_F = %8.2e\n", res);
        if ( res < accuracy )
            printf("%% tester spmm cuSPARSE:  ok\n");
        else
            printf("%% tester spmm cuSPARSE:  failed\n");
        magma_smfree( &hcheck, queue );

        cusparseDestroyMatDescr( descr ); 
        cusparseDestroy( cusparseHandle );
        descr = NULL;
        cusparseHandle = NULL;
        //#endif

        printf("\n\n");

        // free CPU memory
        magma_smfree( &hA, queue );
        magma_smfree( &hx, queue );
        magma_smfree( &hy, queue );
        magma_smfree( &hrefvec, queue );
        // free GPU memory
        magma_smfree( &dx, queue );
        magma_smfree( &dy, queue );
        magma_smfree( &dA, queue);

        #ifdef MAGMA_WITH_MKL
            magma_free_cpu( pntre );
        #endif
        
        i++;
    }

    magma_queue_destroy( queue );
    TESTING_CHECK( magma_finalize() );
    return info;
}

extern "C" magma_int_t
magma_cmtransposeconjugate(
    magma_c_matrix A,
    magma_c_matrix *B,
    magma_queue_t queue )
{
    // for symmetric matrices: convert to csc using cusparse
    
    magma_int_t info = 0;
    cusparseHandle_t handle=NULL;
    cusparseMatDescr_t descrA=NULL;
    cusparseMatDescr_t descrB=NULL;
    
    magma_c_matrix ACSR={Magma_CSR}, BCSR={Magma_CSR};
    magma_c_matrix A_d={Magma_CSR}, B_d={Magma_CSR};

    if( A.storage_type == Magma_CSR && A.memory_location == Magma_DEV ) {
        // fill in information for B
        B->storage_type    = A.storage_type;
        B->diagorder_type  = A.diagorder_type;
        B->memory_location = Magma_DEV;
        B->num_rows        = A.num_cols;  // transposed
        B->num_cols        = A.num_rows;  // transposed
        B->nnz             = A.nnz;
        B->true_nnz = A.true_nnz;
        if ( A.fill_mode == MagmaFull ) {
            B->fill_mode = MagmaFull;
        }
        else if ( A.fill_mode == MagmaLower ) {
            B->fill_mode = MagmaUpper;
        }
        else if ( A.fill_mode == MagmaUpper ) {
            B->fill_mode = MagmaLower;
        }
        B->dval = NULL;
        B->drow = NULL;
        B->dcol = NULL;
        
        // memory allocation
        CHECK( magma_cmalloc( &B->dval, B->nnz ));
        CHECK( magma_index_malloc( &B->drow, B->num_rows + 1 ));
        CHECK( magma_index_malloc( &B->dcol, B->nnz ));
        // CUSPARSE context //
        CHECK_CUSPARSE( cusparseCreate( &handle ));
        CHECK_CUSPARSE( cusparseSetStream( handle, queue->cuda_stream() ));
        CHECK_CUSPARSE( cusparseCreateMatDescr( &descrA ));
        CHECK_CUSPARSE( cusparseCreateMatDescr( &descrB ));
        CHECK_CUSPARSE( cusparseSetMatType( descrA, CUSPARSE_MATRIX_TYPE_GENERAL ));
        CHECK_CUSPARSE( cusparseSetMatType( descrB, CUSPARSE_MATRIX_TYPE_GENERAL ));
        CHECK_CUSPARSE( cusparseSetMatIndexBase( descrA, CUSPARSE_INDEX_BASE_ZERO ));
        CHECK_CUSPARSE( cusparseSetMatIndexBase( descrB, CUSPARSE_INDEX_BASE_ZERO ));
        CHECK_CUSPARSE(
        cusparseCcsr2csc( handle, A.num_rows, A.num_cols, A.nnz,
                          A.dval, A.drow, A.dcol, B->dval, B->dcol, B->drow,
                          CUSPARSE_ACTION_NUMERIC,
                          CUSPARSE_INDEX_BASE_ZERO) );
        CHECK( magma_cmconjugate( B, queue ));
    } else if ( A.memory_location == Magma_CPU ){
        CHECK( magma_cmtransfer( A, &A_d, A.memory_location, Magma_DEV, queue ));
        CHECK( magma_cmtransposeconjugate( A_d, &B_d, queue ));
        CHECK( magma_cmtransfer( B_d, B, Magma_DEV, A.memory_location, queue ));
    } else {
        CHECK( magma_cmconvert( A, &ACSR, A.storage_type, Magma_CSR, queue ));
        CHECK( magma_cmtransposeconjugate( ACSR, &BCSR, queue ));
        CHECK( magma_cmconvert( BCSR, B, Magma_CSR, A.storage_type, queue ));
    }
cleanup:
    cusparseDestroyMatDescr( descrA );
    cusparseDestroyMatDescr( descrB );
    cusparseDestroy( handle );
    magma_cmfree( &A_d, queue );
    magma_cmfree( &B_d, queue );
    magma_cmfree( &ACSR, queue );
    magma_cmfree( &BCSR, queue );
    if( info != 0 ){
        magma_cmfree( B, queue );
    }
    return info;
}