crc32_pclmul_le(u32 crc, unsigned char const *p, size_t len)
{
	unsigned int iquotient;
	unsigned int iremainder;
	unsigned int prealign;

	if (len < PCLMUL_MIN_LEN + SCALE_F_MASK || !irq_fpu_usable())
		return crc32_le(crc, p, len);

	if ((long)p & SCALE_F_MASK) {
		/* align p to 16 byte */
		prealign = SCALE_F - ((long)p & SCALE_F_MASK);

		crc = crc32_le(crc, p, prealign);
		len -= prealign;
		p = (unsigned char *)(((unsigned long)p + SCALE_F_MASK) &
				     ~SCALE_F_MASK);
	}
	iquotient = len & (~SCALE_F_MASK);
	iremainder = len & SCALE_F_MASK;

	kernel_fpu_begin();
	crc = crc32_pclmul_le_16(p, iquotient, crc);
	kernel_fpu_end();

	if (iremainder)
		crc = crc32_le(crc, p + iquotient, iremainder);

	return crc;
}

/**
 * nilfs_compute_checksum - compute checksum of blocks continuously
 * @nilfs: nilfs object
 * @bhs: buffer head of start block
 * @sum: place to store result
 * @offset: offset bytes in the first block
 * @check_bytes: number of bytes to be checked
 * @start: DBN of start block
 * @nblock: number of blocks to be checked
 */
static int nilfs_compute_checksum(struct the_nilfs *nilfs,
				  struct buffer_head *bhs, u32 *sum,
				  unsigned long offset, u64 check_bytes,
				  sector_t start, unsigned long nblock)
{
	unsigned int blocksize = nilfs->ns_blocksize;
	unsigned long size;
	u32 crc;

	BUG_ON(offset >= blocksize);
	check_bytes -= offset;
	size = min_t(u64, check_bytes, blocksize - offset);
	crc = crc32_le(nilfs->ns_crc_seed,
		       (unsigned char *)bhs->b_data + offset, size);
	if (--nblock > 0) {
		do {
			struct buffer_head *bh;

			bh = __bread(nilfs->ns_bdev, ++start, blocksize);
			if (!bh)
				return -EIO;
			check_bytes -= size;
			size = min_t(u64, check_bytes, blocksize);
			crc = crc32_le(crc, bh->b_data, size);
			brelse(bh);
		} while (--nblock > 0);
	}
	*sum = crc;
	return 0;
}

int nilfs_commit_super(struct super_block *sb, int flag)
{
	struct the_nilfs *nilfs = sb->s_fs_info;
	struct nilfs_super_block **sbp = nilfs->ns_sbp;
	time_t t;

	/* nilfs->ns_sem must be locked by the caller. */
	t = get_seconds();
	nilfs->ns_sbwtime = t;
	sbp[0]->s_wtime = cpu_to_le64(t);
	sbp[0]->s_sum = 0;
	sbp[0]->s_sum = cpu_to_le32(crc32_le(nilfs->ns_crc_seed,
					     (unsigned char *)sbp[0],
					     nilfs->ns_sbsize));
	if (flag == NILFS_SB_COMMIT_ALL && sbp[1]) {
		sbp[1]->s_wtime = sbp[0]->s_wtime;
		sbp[1]->s_sum = 0;
		sbp[1]->s_sum = cpu_to_le32(crc32_le(nilfs->ns_crc_seed,
					    (unsigned char *)sbp[1],
					    nilfs->ns_sbsize));
	}
	clear_nilfs_sb_dirty(nilfs);
	nilfs->ns_flushed_device = 1;
	/* make sure store to ns_flushed_device cannot be reordered */
	smp_wmb();
	return nilfs_sync_super(sb, flag);
}

/* Compute a partial ICRC for all the IB transport headers. */
u32 rxe_icrc_hdr(struct rxe_pkt_info *pkt, struct sk_buff *skb)
{
	unsigned int bth_offset = 0;
	struct iphdr *ip4h = NULL;
	struct ipv6hdr *ip6h = NULL;
	struct udphdr *udph;
	struct rxe_bth *bth;
	int crc;
	int length;
	int hdr_size = sizeof(struct udphdr) +
		(skb->protocol == htons(ETH_P_IP) ?
		sizeof(struct iphdr) : sizeof(struct ipv6hdr));
	/* pseudo header buffer size is calculate using ipv6 header size since
	 * it is bigger than ipv4
	 */
	u8 pshdr[sizeof(struct udphdr) +
		sizeof(struct ipv6hdr) +
		RXE_BTH_BYTES];

	/* This seed is the result of computing a CRC with a seed of
	 * 0xfffffff and 8 bytes of 0xff representing a masked LRH.
	 */
	crc = 0xdebb20e3;

	if (skb->protocol == htons(ETH_P_IP)) { /* IPv4 */
		memcpy(pshdr, ip_hdr(skb), hdr_size);
		ip4h = (struct iphdr *)pshdr;
		udph = (struct udphdr *)(ip4h + 1);

		ip4h->ttl = 0xff;
		ip4h->check = CSUM_MANGLED_0;
		ip4h->tos = 0xff;
	} else {				/* IPv6 */
		memcpy(pshdr, ipv6_hdr(skb), hdr_size);
		ip6h = (struct ipv6hdr *)pshdr;
		udph = (struct udphdr *)(ip6h + 1);

		memset(ip6h->flow_lbl, 0xff, sizeof(ip6h->flow_lbl));
		ip6h->priority = 0xf;
		ip6h->hop_limit = 0xff;
	}
	udph->check = CSUM_MANGLED_0;

	bth_offset += hdr_size;

	memcpy(&pshdr[bth_offset], pkt->hdr, RXE_BTH_BYTES);
	bth = (struct rxe_bth *)&pshdr[bth_offset];

	/* exclude bth.resv8a */
	bth->qpn |= cpu_to_be32(~BTH_QPN_MASK);

	length = hdr_size + RXE_BTH_BYTES;
	crc = crc32_le(crc, pshdr, length);

	/* And finish to compute the CRC on the remainder of the headers. */
	crc = crc32_le(crc, pkt->hdr + RXE_BTH_BYTES,
		       rxe_opcode[pkt->opcode].length - RXE_BTH_BYTES);
	return crc;
}

uint32_t Item::calculateCrc32WithoutValue() const
{
    uint32_t result = 0xffffffff;
    const uint8_t* p = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(this);
    result = crc32_le(result, p + offsetof(Item, nsIndex),
                      offsetof(Item, datatype) - offsetof(Item, nsIndex));
    result = crc32_le(result, p + offsetof(Item, key), sizeof(key));
    return result;
}

/*
 * This function validates existing check information.  Like _compute,
 * the function will take care of zeroing bc before calculating check codes.
 * If bc is not a pointer inside data, the caller must have zeroed any
 * inline ocfs2_block_check structures.
 *
 * Again, the data passed in should be the on-disk endian.
 */
int ocfs2_block_check_validate(void *data, size_t blocksize,
			       struct ocfs2_block_check *bc,
			       struct ocfs2_blockcheck_stats *stats)
{
	int rc = 0;
	u32 bc_crc32e;
	u16 bc_ecc;
	u32 crc, ecc;

	ocfs2_blockcheck_inc_check(stats);

	bc_crc32e = le32_to_cpu(bc->bc_crc32e);
	bc_ecc = le16_to_cpu(bc->bc_ecc);

	memset(bc, 0, sizeof(struct ocfs2_block_check));

	/* Fast path - if the crc32 validates, we're good to go */
	crc = crc32_le(~0, data, blocksize);
	if (crc == bc_crc32e)
		goto out;

	ocfs2_blockcheck_inc_failure(stats);
	mlog(ML_ERROR,
	     "CRC32 failed: stored: 0x%x, computed 0x%x. Applying ECC.\n",
	     (unsigned int)bc_crc32e, (unsigned int)crc);

	/* Ok, try ECC fixups */
	ecc = ocfs2_hamming_encode_block(data, blocksize);
	ocfs2_hamming_fix_block(data, blocksize, ecc ^ bc_ecc);

	/* And check the crc32 again */
	crc = crc32_le(~0, data, blocksize);
	if (crc == bc_crc32e) {
		ocfs2_blockcheck_inc_recover(stats);
		goto out;
	}

	mlog(ML_ERROR, "Fixed CRC32 failed: stored: 0x%x, computed 0x%x\n",
	     (unsigned int)bc_crc32e, (unsigned int)crc);

	rc = -EIO;

out:
	bc->bc_crc32e = cpu_to_le32(bc_crc32e);
	bc->bc_ecc = cpu_to_le16(bc_ecc);

	return rc;
}

/*
 * This function generates check information for a list of buffer_heads.
 * bhs is the blocks to be checked.  bc is a pointer to the
 * ocfs2_block_check structure describing the crc32 and the ecc.
 *
 * bc should be a pointer inside data, as the function will
 * take care of zeroing it before calculating the check information.  If
 * bc does not point inside data, the caller must make sure any inline
 * ocfs2_block_check structures are zeroed.
 *
 * The data buffer must be in on-disk endian (little endian for ocfs2).
 * bc will be filled with little-endian values and will be ready to go to
 * disk.
 */
void ocfs2_block_check_compute_bhs(struct buffer_head **bhs, int nr,
				   struct ocfs2_block_check *bc)
{
	int i;
	u32 crc, ecc;

	BUG_ON(nr < 0);

	if (!nr)
		return;

	memset(bc, 0, sizeof(struct ocfs2_block_check));

	for (i = 0, crc = ~0, ecc = 0; i < nr; i++) {
		crc = crc32_le(crc, bhs[i]->b_data, bhs[i]->b_size);
		/*
		 * The number of bits in a buffer is obviously b_size*8.
		 * The offset of this buffer is b_size*i, so the bit offset
		 * of this buffer is b_size*8*i.
		 */
		ecc = (u16)ocfs2_hamming_encode(ecc, bhs[i]->b_data,
						bhs[i]->b_size * 8,
						bhs[i]->b_size * 8 * i);
	}

	/*
	 * No ecc'd ocfs2 structure is larger than 4K, so ecc will be no
	 * larger than 16 bits.
	 */
	BUG_ON(ecc > USHRT_MAX);

	bc->bc_crc32e = cpu_to_le32(crc);
	bc->bc_ecc = cpu_to_le16((u16)ecc);
}

/*
 * opa_vnic_mac_send_event - post event on possible mac list exchange
 *  Send trap when digest from uc/mc mac list differs from previous run.
 *  Digest is evaluated similar to how cksum does.
 */
static void opa_vnic_mac_send_event(struct net_device *netdev, u8 event)
{
	struct opa_vnic_adapter *adapter = opa_vnic_priv(netdev);
	struct netdev_hw_addr *ha;
	struct netdev_hw_addr_list *hw_list;
	u32 *ref_crc;
	u32 l, crc = 0;

	switch (event) {
	case OPA_VESWPORT_TRAP_IFACE_UCAST_MAC_CHANGE:
		hw_list = &netdev->uc;
		adapter->info.vport.uc_macs_gen_count++;
		ref_crc = &adapter->umac_hash;
		break;
	case OPA_VESWPORT_TRAP_IFACE_MCAST_MAC_CHANGE:
		hw_list = &netdev->mc;
		adapter->info.vport.mc_macs_gen_count++;
		ref_crc = &adapter->mmac_hash;
		break;
	default:
		return;
	}
	netdev_hw_addr_list_for_each(ha, hw_list) {
		crc = crc32_le(crc, ha->addr, ETH_ALEN);
	}

static bool pci_endpoint_test_write(struct pci_endpoint_test *test, size_t size)
{
	bool ret = false;
	u32 reg;
	void *addr;
	dma_addr_t phys_addr;
	struct pci_dev *pdev = test->pdev;
	struct device *dev = &pdev->dev;
	void *orig_addr;
	dma_addr_t orig_phys_addr;
	size_t offset;
	size_t alignment = test->alignment;
	u32 crc32;

	orig_addr = dma_alloc_coherent(dev, size + alignment, &orig_phys_addr,
				       GFP_KERNEL);
	if (!orig_addr) {
		dev_err(dev, "failed to allocate address\n");
		ret = false;
		goto err;
	}

	if (alignment && !IS_ALIGNED(orig_phys_addr, alignment)) {
		phys_addr =  PTR_ALIGN(orig_phys_addr, alignment);
		offset = phys_addr - orig_phys_addr;
		addr = orig_addr + offset;
	} else {
		phys_addr = orig_phys_addr;
		addr = orig_addr;
	}

	get_random_bytes(addr, size);

	crc32 = crc32_le(~0, addr, size);
	pci_endpoint_test_writel(test, PCI_ENDPOINT_TEST_CHECKSUM,
				 crc32);

	pci_endpoint_test_writel(test, PCI_ENDPOINT_TEST_LOWER_SRC_ADDR,
				 lower_32_bits(phys_addr));
	pci_endpoint_test_writel(test, PCI_ENDPOINT_TEST_UPPER_SRC_ADDR,
				 upper_32_bits(phys_addr));

	pci_endpoint_test_writel(test, PCI_ENDPOINT_TEST_SIZE, size);

	pci_endpoint_test_writel(test, PCI_ENDPOINT_TEST_COMMAND,
				 1 << MSI_NUMBER_SHIFT | COMMAND_READ);

	wait_for_completion(&test->irq_raised);

	reg = pci_endpoint_test_readl(test, PCI_ENDPOINT_TEST_STATUS);
	if (reg & STATUS_READ_SUCCESS)
		ret = true;

	dma_free_coherent(dev, size + alignment, orig_addr, orig_phys_addr);

err:
	return ret;
}

static int o2cb_cluster_connect(struct ocfs2_cluster_connection *conn)
{
	int rc = 0;
	u32 dlm_key;
	struct dlm_ctxt *dlm;
	struct o2dlm_private *priv;
	struct dlm_protocol_version fs_version;

	BUG_ON(conn == NULL);
	BUG_ON(conn->cc_proto == NULL);

	/* for now we only have one cluster/node, make sure we see it
	 * in the heartbeat universe */
	if (!o2hb_check_local_node_heartbeating()) {
		if (o2hb_global_heartbeat_active())
			mlog(ML_ERROR, "Global heartbeat not started\n");
		rc = -EINVAL;
		goto out;
	}

	priv = kzalloc(sizeof(struct o2dlm_private), GFP_KERNEL);
	if (!priv) {
		rc = -ENOMEM;
		goto out_free;
	}

	/* This just fills the structure in.  It is safe to pass conn. */
	dlm_setup_eviction_cb(&priv->op_eviction_cb, o2dlm_eviction_cb,
			      conn);

	conn->cc_private = priv;

	/* used by the dlm code to make message headers unique, each
	 * node in this domain must agree on this. */
	dlm_key = crc32_le(0, conn->cc_name, conn->cc_namelen);
	fs_version.pv_major = conn->cc_version.pv_major;
	fs_version.pv_minor = conn->cc_version.pv_minor;

	dlm = dlm_register_domain(conn->cc_name, dlm_key, &fs_version);
	if (IS_ERR(dlm)) {
		rc = PTR_ERR(dlm);
		mlog_errno(rc);
		goto out_free;
	}

	conn->cc_version.pv_major = fs_version.pv_major;
	conn->cc_version.pv_minor = fs_version.pv_minor;
	conn->cc_lockspace = dlm;

	dlm_register_eviction_cb(dlm, &priv->op_eviction_cb);

out_free:
	if (rc && conn->cc_private)
		kfree(conn->cc_private);

out:
	return rc;
}

static int o2cb_cluster_connect(struct ocfs2_cluster_connection *conn)
{
	int rc = 0;
	u32 dlm_key;
	struct dlm_ctxt *dlm;
	struct o2dlm_private *priv;
	struct dlm_protocol_version fs_version;

	BUG_ON(conn == NULL);
	BUG_ON(conn->cc_proto == NULL);

	/* Ensure cluster stack is up and all nodes are connected */
	rc = o2cb_cluster_check();
	if (rc) {
		printk(KERN_ERR "o2cb: Cluster check failed. Fix errors "
		       "before retrying.\n");
		goto out;
	}

	priv = kzalloc(sizeof(struct o2dlm_private), GFP_KERNEL);
	if (!priv) {
		rc = -ENOMEM;
		goto out_free;
	}

	/* This just fills the structure in.  It is safe to pass conn. */
	dlm_setup_eviction_cb(&priv->op_eviction_cb, o2dlm_eviction_cb,
			      conn);

	conn->cc_private = priv;

	/* used by the dlm code to make message headers unique, each
	 * node in this domain must agree on this. */
	dlm_key = crc32_le(0, conn->cc_name, conn->cc_namelen);
	fs_version.pv_major = conn->cc_version.pv_major;
	fs_version.pv_minor = conn->cc_version.pv_minor;

	dlm = dlm_register_domain(conn->cc_name, dlm_key, &fs_version);
	if (IS_ERR(dlm)) {
		rc = PTR_ERR(dlm);
		mlog_errno(rc);
		goto out_free;
	}

	conn->cc_version.pv_major = fs_version.pv_major;
	conn->cc_version.pv_minor = fs_version.pv_minor;
	conn->cc_lockspace = dlm;

	dlm_register_eviction_cb(dlm, &priv->op_eviction_cb);

out_free:
	if (rc && conn->cc_private)
		kfree(conn->cc_private);

out:
	return rc;
}

static uint32_t nilfs_sb_check_sum(struct nilfs_super_block *sbp)
{
	uint32_t seed, crc;
	__le32 sum;

	seed = le32_to_cpu(sbp->s_crc_seed);
	sum = sbp->s_sum;
	sbp->s_sum = 0;
	crc = crc32_le(seed, (unsigned char *)sbp, le16_to_cpu(sbp->s_bytes));
	sbp->s_sum = sum;
	return crc;
}

/**
 * s3c_pm_runcheck() - helper to check a resource on restore.
 * @res: The resource to check
 * @vak: Pointer to list of CRC32 values to check.
 *
 * Called from the s3c_pm_check_restore() via s3c_pm_run_sysram(), this
 * function runs the given memory resource checking it against the stored
 * CRC to ensure that memory is restored. The function tries to skip as
 * many of the areas used during the suspend process.
 */
static u32 *s3c_pm_runcheck(struct resource *res, u32 *val)
{
	void *save_at = phys_to_virt(s3c_sleep_save_phys);
	unsigned long addr;
	unsigned long left;
	void *stkpage;
	void *ptr;
	u32 calc;

	stkpage = (void *)((u32)&calc & ~PAGE_MASK);

	for (addr = res->start; addr < res->end;
	     addr += CHECK_CHUNKSIZE) {
		left = res->end - addr;

		if (left > CHECK_CHUNKSIZE)
			left = CHECK_CHUNKSIZE;

		ptr = phys_to_virt(addr);

		if (in_region(ptr, left, stkpage, 4096)) {
			S3C_PMDBG("skipping %08lx, has stack in\n", addr);
			goto skip_check;
		}

		if (in_region(ptr, left, crcs, crc_size)) {
			S3C_PMDBG("skipping %08lx, has crc block in\n", addr);
			goto skip_check;
		}

		if (in_region(ptr, left, save_at, 32*4 )) {
			S3C_PMDBG("skipping %08lx, has save block in\n", addr);
			goto skip_check;
		}

		/* calculate and check the checksum */

		calc = crc32_le(~0, ptr, left);
		if (calc != *val) {
			printk(KERN_ERR "Restore CRC error at "
			       "%08lx (%08x vs %08x)\n", addr, calc, *val);

			S3C_PMDBG("Restore CRC error at %08lx (%08x vs %08x)\n",
			    addr, calc, *val);
		}

	skip_check:
		val++;
	}

	return val;
}

int cCardCryptoworks::Assemble(cAssembleData *ad)
{
  const unsigned char *data=ad->Data();
  int len=SCT_LEN(data);
  switch(data[0]) {
    case 0x82:
      return 0; // no assemble needed

    case 0x84:
      free(sharedEmm);
      sharedEmm=(unsigned char *)malloc(len);
      if(sharedEmm) {
        memcpy(sharedEmm,data,len);
        sharedLen=len;
        }
      break;

    case 0x86:
      if(sharedEmm) {
        int alen=len-5 + sharedLen-12;
        unsigned char *tmp=AUTOMEM(alen);
        memcpy(tmp,&data[5],len-5);
        memcpy(tmp+len-5,&sharedEmm[12],sharedLen-12);

        unsigned char *ass=(unsigned char *)malloc(alen+12);
        if(!ass) return -1; // ignore
        memcpy(ass,sharedEmm,12);
        SortNanos(ass+12,tmp,alen);
        SetSctLen(ass,alen+9);
        free(sharedEmm); sharedEmm=0;
        if(ass[11]==alen) { // sanity check
          ad->SetAssembled(ass);
          return 1; // assembled
          }
        }
      break;

    case 0x88:
    case 0x89:
      if(data[0]!=globalToggle) {
        globalToggle=data[0];
        unsigned int crc=crc32_le(0,data+1,len-1);
        if(crc!=globalCrc) {
          globalCrc=crc;
          return 0; // no assemble needed
          }
        }
      break;
    }
  return -1; // ignore
}

int nilfs_commit_super(struct nilfs_sb_info *sbi, int flag)
{
	struct the_nilfs *nilfs = sbi->s_nilfs;
	struct nilfs_super_block **sbp = nilfs->ns_sbp;
	time_t t;

	/* nilfs->ns_sem must be locked by the caller. */
	t = get_seconds();
	nilfs->ns_sbwtime = t;
	sbp[0]->s_wtime = cpu_to_le64(t);
	sbp[0]->s_sum = 0;
	sbp[0]->s_sum = cpu_to_le32(crc32_le(nilfs->ns_crc_seed,
					     (unsigned char *)sbp[0],
					     nilfs->ns_sbsize));
	if (flag == NILFS_SB_COMMIT_ALL && sbp[1]) {
		sbp[1]->s_wtime = sbp[0]->s_wtime;
		sbp[1]->s_sum = 0;
		sbp[1]->s_sum = cpu_to_le32(crc32_le(nilfs->ns_crc_seed,
					    (unsigned char *)sbp[1],
					    nilfs->ns_sbsize));
	}
	clear_nilfs_sb_dirty(nilfs);
	return nilfs_sync_super(sbi, flag);
}

/*
 * When page is being changed by the kernel, we must update the dedup structure:
 * 		1. unlink changed block from equal blocks
 * 		2. calculate new hash and crc
 * 		3. link to new equal blocks (if exists)
 */
int dedup_update_page_changed(sector_t block, char* block_data)
{
	size_t block_size = dedup_get_block_size();
	sector_t currblock, equal_block;

	// Todo: add support if there is more than 1 block in page - check them all
	if (!dedup_is_in_range(block)) {
		trace_printk("block not in range %ld", block);
		return 0;
	}

	block = block - start_block;
	equal_block = block;

	trace_printk("page is being updated : block = %ld\n", block);

	// Remove from dedup structure
	dedup_remove_block_duplication(block);
	// Calc hash
	calc_hash(block_data, block_size, blocksArray.hashes[block]);
	// Calc crc32
	blocksArray.hash_crc[block] = crc32_le(0, blocksArray.hashes[block], SHA256_DIGEST_SIZE);

	// Go over other blocks
	for (currblock = 0; currblock < blocks_count; ++currblock) {
		// If blocks equal, update dedup structure
		if (currblock != block) {
			// first, compare crc - should be faster
			if (blocksArray.hash_crc[currblock] == blocksArray.hash_crc[block]){
				// If hash array is NULL then there is a block at lower index
				// that is equal to this block and it was already compared to.
				if (blocksArray.hashes[currblock] && blocksArray.hashes[block] &&
					memcmp(blocksArray.hashes[currblock], blocksArray.hashes[block], SHA256_DIGEST_SIZE) == 0)
				{
					equal_block = currblock;
					break;
				}
			}
		}
	}

	if (block != equal_block) {
		trace_printk("found new duplicated block ! %ld = %ld\n", block + start_block, equal_block + start_block);
		dedup_set_block_duplication(equal_block, block);
	}

	return 0;
}

/**
  * msm_eeprom_verify_sum - verify crc32 checksum
  * @mem:	data buffer
  * @size:	size of data buffer
  * @sum:	expected checksum
  *
  * Returns 0 if checksum match, -EINVAL otherwise.
  */
static int msm_eeprom_verify_sum(const char *mem, uint32_t size, uint32_t sum)
{
	uint32_t crc = ~0UL;

	/* check overflow */
	if (size > crc - sizeof(uint32_t))
		return -EINVAL;

	crc = crc32_le(crc, mem, size);
	if (~crc != sum) {
		CDBG("%s: expect 0x%x, result 0x%x\n", __func__, sum, ~crc);
		return -EINVAL;
	}
	CDBG("%s: checksum pass 0x%x\n", __func__, sum);
	return 0;
}

static u32 *s3c_pm_makecheck(struct resource *res, u32 *val)
{
	unsigned long addr, left;

	for (addr = res->start; addr < res->end;
	     addr += CHECK_CHUNKSIZE) {
		left = res->end - addr;

		if (left > CHECK_CHUNKSIZE)
			left = CHECK_CHUNKSIZE;

		*val = crc32_le(~0, phys_to_virt(addr), left);
		val++;
	}

	return val;
}

int tegra_nct_read_item(u32 index, union nct_item_type *buf)
{
	struct nct_entry_type *entry = NULL;
	u8 *nct;
#if USE_CRC32_IN_NCT
	u32 crc = 0;
#endif

	if (!tegra_nct_initialized)
		return -EPERM;

	entry = kmalloc(sizeof(struct nct_entry_type), GFP_KERNEL);
	if (!entry) {
		pr_err("%s: failed to allocate buffer\n", __func__);
		return -ENOMEM;
	}

	nct = (u8 *)(nct_ptr + NCT_ENTRY_OFFSET +
			(index * sizeof(*entry)));
	memcpy((u8 *)entry, nct, sizeof(*entry));

	/* check CRC integrity */
#if USE_CRC32_IN_NCT
	/* last checksum field of entry is not included in CRC calculation */
	crc = crc32_le(~0, (u8 *)entry, sizeof(*entry) -
			sizeof(entry->checksum)) ^ ~0;
	if (crc != entry->checksum) {
		pr_err("%s: checksum err(0x%x/0x%x)\n", __func__,
			crc, entry->checksum);
		kfree(entry);
		return -EINVAL;
	}
#endif
	/* check index integrity */
	if (index != entry->index) {
		pr_err("%s: index err(0x%x/0x%x)\n", __func__,
			index, entry->index);
		kfree(entry);
		return -EINVAL;
	}

	memcpy(buf, &entry->data, sizeof(*buf));
	kfree(entry);

	return 0;
}

int nilfs_commit_super(struct nilfs_sb_info *sbi, int dupsb)
{
	struct the_nilfs *nilfs = sbi->s_nilfs;
	struct nilfs_super_block **sbp = nilfs->ns_sbp;
	sector_t nfreeblocks;
	time_t t;
	int err;

	/* nilfs->sem must be locked by the caller. */
	nilfs_debug(2, "called\n");
	if (sbp[0]->s_magic != NILFS_SUPER_MAGIC) {
		if (sbp[1] && sbp[1]->s_magic == NILFS_SUPER_MAGIC)
			nilfs_swap_super_block(nilfs);
		else {
			printk(KERN_CRIT "NILFS: superblock broke on dev %s\n",
			       sbi->s_super->s_id);
			return -EIO;
		}
	}
	err = nilfs_count_free_blocks(nilfs, &nfreeblocks);
	if (unlikely(err)) {
		printk(KERN_ERR "NILFS: failed to count free blocks\n");
		return err;
	}
	spin_lock(&nilfs->ns_last_segment_lock);
	sbp[0]->s_last_seq = cpu_to_le64(nilfs->ns_last_seq);
	sbp[0]->s_last_pseg = cpu_to_le64(nilfs->ns_last_pseg);
	sbp[0]->s_last_cno = cpu_to_le64(nilfs->ns_last_cno);
	spin_unlock(&nilfs->ns_last_segment_lock);

	t = get_seconds();
	nilfs->ns_sbwtime[0] = t;
	sbp[0]->s_free_blocks_count = cpu_to_le64(nfreeblocks);
	sbp[0]->s_wtime = cpu_to_le64(t);
	sbp[0]->s_sum = 0;
	sbp[0]->s_sum = cpu_to_le32(crc32_le(nilfs->ns_crc_seed,
					     (unsigned char *)sbp[0],
					     nilfs->ns_sbsize));
	if (dupsb && sbp[1]) {
		memcpy(sbp[1], sbp[0], nilfs->ns_sbsize);
		nilfs->ns_sbwtime[1] = t;
	}
	sbi->s_super->s_dirt = 0;
	return nilfs_sync_super(sbi, dupsb);
}