static int gif_image_write_image(uint8_t **bytestream,
                                 int x1, int y1, int width, int height,
                                 const uint8_t *buf, int linesize, int pix_fmt)
{
    PutBitContext p;
    uint8_t buffer[200]; /* 100 * 9 / 8 = 113 */
    int i, left, w;
    const uint8_t *ptr;
    /* image block */

    bytestream_put_byte(bytestream, 0x2c);
    bytestream_put_le16(bytestream, x1);
    bytestream_put_le16(bytestream, y1);
    bytestream_put_le16(bytestream, width);
    bytestream_put_le16(bytestream, height);
    bytestream_put_byte(bytestream, 0x00); /* flags */
    /* no local clut */

    bytestream_put_byte(bytestream, 0x08);

    left= width * height;

    init_put_bits(&p, buffer, 130);

/*
 * the thing here is the bitstream is written as little packets, with a size byte before
 * but it's still the same bitstream between packets (no flush !)
 */
    ptr = buf;
    w = width;
    while(left>0) {

        put_bits(&p, 9, 0x0100); /* clear code */

        for(i=(left<GIF_CHUNKS)?left:GIF_CHUNKS;i;i--) {
            put_bits(&p, 9, *ptr++);
            if (--w == 0) {
                w = width;
                buf += linesize;
                ptr = buf;
            }
        }

        if(left<=GIF_CHUNKS) {
            put_bits(&p, 9, 0x101); /* end of stream */
            flush_put_bits(&p);
        }
        if(pbBufPtr(&p) - p.buf > 0) {
            bytestream_put_byte(bytestream, pbBufPtr(&p) - p.buf); /* byte count of the packet */
            bytestream_put_buffer(bytestream, p.buf, pbBufPtr(&p) - p.buf); /* the actual buffer */
            p.buf_ptr = p.buf; /* dequeue the bytes off the bitstream */
        }
        left-=GIF_CHUNKS;
    }
    bytestream_put_byte(bytestream, 0x00); /* end of image block */
    bytestream_put_byte(bytestream, 0x3b);
    return 0;
}

static int read_packet(AVFormatContext *s, AVPacket *pkt)
{
    IcoDemuxContext *ico = s->priv_data;
    IcoImage *image;
    AVIOContext *pb = s->pb;
    AVStream *st = s->streams[0];
    int ret;

    if (ico->current_image >= ico->nb_images)
        return AVERROR(EIO);

    image = &ico->images[ico->current_image];

    if ((ret = avio_seek(pb, image->offset, SEEK_SET)) < 0)
        return ret;

    if (s->streams[ico->current_image]->codec->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_PNG) {
        if ((ret = av_get_packet(pb, pkt, image->size)) < 0)
            return ret;
    } else {
        uint8_t *buf;
        if ((ret = av_new_packet(pkt, 14 + image->size)) < 0)
            return ret;
        buf = pkt->data;

        /* add BMP header */
        bytestream_put_byte(&buf, 'B');
        bytestream_put_byte(&buf, 'M');
        bytestream_put_le32(&buf, pkt->size);
        bytestream_put_le16(&buf, 0);
        bytestream_put_le16(&buf, 0);
        bytestream_put_le32(&buf, 0);

        if ((ret = avio_read(pb, buf, image->size)) < 0)
            return ret;

        st->codec->bits_per_coded_sample = AV_RL16(buf + 14);

        if (AV_RL32(buf + 32))
            image->nb_pal = AV_RL32(buf + 32);

        if (st->codec->bits_per_coded_sample <= 8 && !image->nb_pal) {
            image->nb_pal = 1 << st->codec->bits_per_coded_sample;
            AV_WL32(buf + 32, image->nb_pal);
        }

        AV_WL32(buf - 4, 14 + 40 + image->nb_pal * 4);
        AV_WL32(buf + 8, AV_RL32(buf + 8) / 2);
    }

    pkt->stream_index = ico->current_image++;
    pkt->flags |= AV_PKT_FLAG_KEY;

    return 0;
}

static int bmp_encode_frame(AVCodecContext *avctx, unsigned char *buf, int buf_size, void *data){
    BMPContext *s = avctx->priv_data;
    AVFrame *pict = data;
    AVFrame * const p= (AVFrame*)&s->picture;
    int n_bytes_image, n_bytes_per_row, n_bytes, i, n, hsize;
    uint8_t *ptr;
    unsigned char* buf0 = buf;
    *p = *pict;
    p->pict_type= FF_I_TYPE;
    p->key_frame= 1;
    n_bytes_per_row = (avctx->width*3 + 3) & ~3;
    n_bytes_image = avctx->height*n_bytes_per_row;

    // STRUCTURE.field refer to the MSVC documentation for BITMAPFILEHEADER
    // and related pages.
#define SIZE_BITMAPFILEHEADER 14
#define SIZE_BITMAPINFOHEADER 40
    hsize = SIZE_BITMAPFILEHEADER + SIZE_BITMAPINFOHEADER;
    n_bytes = n_bytes_image + hsize;
    if(n_bytes>buf_size) {
        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "buf size too small (need %d, got %d)\n", n_bytes, buf_size);
        return -1;
    }
    bytestream_put_byte(&buf, 'B');                   // BITMAPFILEHEADER.bfType
    bytestream_put_byte(&buf, 'M');                   // do.
    bytestream_put_le32(&buf, n_bytes);               // BITMAPFILEHEADER.bfSize
    bytestream_put_le16(&buf, 0);                     // BITMAPFILEHEADER.bfReserved1
    bytestream_put_le16(&buf, 0);                     // BITMAPFILEHEADER.bfReserved2
    bytestream_put_le32(&buf, hsize);                 // BITMAPFILEHEADER.bfOffBits
    bytestream_put_le32(&buf, SIZE_BITMAPINFOHEADER); // BITMAPINFOHEADER.biSize
    bytestream_put_le32(&buf, avctx->width);          // BITMAPINFOHEADER.biWidth
    bytestream_put_le32(&buf, avctx->height);         // BITMAPINFOHEADER.biHeight
    bytestream_put_le16(&buf, 1);                     // BITMAPINFOHEADER.biPlanes
    bytestream_put_le16(&buf, 24);                    // BITMAPINFOHEADER.biBitCount
    bytestream_put_le32(&buf, BMP_RGB);               // BITMAPINFOHEADER.biCompression
    bytestream_put_le32(&buf, n_bytes_image);         // BITMAPINFOHEADER.biSizeImage
    bytestream_put_le32(&buf, 0);                     // BITMAPINFOHEADER.biXPelsPerMeter
    bytestream_put_le32(&buf, 0);                     // BITMAPINFOHEADER.biYPelsPerMeter
    bytestream_put_le32(&buf, 0);                     // BITMAPINFOHEADER.biClrUsed
    bytestream_put_le32(&buf, 0);                     // BITMAPINFOHEADER.biClrImportant
    // BMP files are bottom-to-top so we start from the end...
    ptr = p->data[0] + (avctx->height - 1) * p->linesize[0];
    buf = buf0 + hsize;
    for(i = 0; i < avctx->height; i++) {
        n = 3*avctx->width;
        memcpy(buf, ptr, n);
        buf += n;
        memset(buf, 0, n_bytes_per_row-n);
        buf += n_bytes_per_row-n;
        ptr -= p->linesize[0]; // ... and go back
    }
    return n_bytes;
}

/** Send MMST stream selection command based on the AVStream->discard values. */
static int send_stream_selection_request(MMSTContext *mmst)
{
    int i;
    MMSContext *mms = &mmst->mms;
    //  send the streams we want back...
    start_command_packet(mmst, CS_PKT_STREAM_ID_REQUEST);
    bytestream_put_le32(&mms->write_out_ptr, mms->stream_num);         // stream nums
    for(i= 0; i<mms->stream_num; i++) {
        bytestream_put_le16(&mms->write_out_ptr, 0xffff);              // flags
        bytestream_put_le16(&mms->write_out_ptr, mms->streams[i].id);  // stream id
        bytestream_put_le16(&mms->write_out_ptr, 0);                   // selection
    }
    return send_command_packet(mmst);
}

/** Create MMST command packet header */
static void start_command_packet(MMSContext *mms, MMSCSPacketType packet_type)
{
    mms->write_out_ptr = mms->out_buffer;

    bytestream_put_le32(&mms->write_out_ptr, 1); // start sequence
    bytestream_put_le32(&mms->write_out_ptr, 0xb00bface);
    bytestream_put_le32(&mms->write_out_ptr, 0); // Length starts from after the protocol type bytes
    bytestream_put_le32(&mms->write_out_ptr, MKTAG('M','M','S',' '));
    bytestream_put_le32(&mms->write_out_ptr, 0);
    bytestream_put_le32(&mms->write_out_ptr, mms->outgoing_packet_seq++);
    bytestream_put_le64(&mms->write_out_ptr, 0); // timestamp
    bytestream_put_le32(&mms->write_out_ptr, 0);
    bytestream_put_le16(&mms->write_out_ptr, packet_type);
    bytestream_put_le16(&mms->write_out_ptr, 3); // direction to server
}

static int gif_image_write_image(AVCodecContext *avctx,
                                 uint8_t **bytestream, uint8_t *end,
                                 const uint8_t *buf, int linesize)
{
    GIFContext *s = avctx->priv_data;
    int len = 0, height;
    const uint8_t *ptr;
    /* image block */

    bytestream_put_byte(bytestream, 0x2c);
    bytestream_put_le16(bytestream, 0);
    bytestream_put_le16(bytestream, 0);
    bytestream_put_le16(bytestream, avctx->width);
    bytestream_put_le16(bytestream, avctx->height);
    bytestream_put_byte(bytestream, 0x00); /* flags */
    /* no local clut */

    bytestream_put_byte(bytestream, 0x08);

    ff_lzw_encode_init(s->lzw, s->buf, avctx->width*avctx->height,
                       12, FF_LZW_GIF, put_bits);

    ptr = buf;
    for (height = avctx->height; height--;) {
        len += ff_lzw_encode(s->lzw, ptr, avctx->width);
        ptr += linesize;
    }
    len += ff_lzw_encode_flush(s->lzw, flush_put_bits);

    ptr = s->buf;
    while (len > 0) {
        int size = FFMIN(255, len);
        bytestream_put_byte(bytestream, size);
        if (end - *bytestream < size)
            return -1;
        bytestream_put_buffer(bytestream, ptr, size);
        ptr += size;
        len -= size;
    }
    bytestream_put_byte(bytestream, 0x00); /* end of image block */
    bytestream_put_byte(bytestream, 0x3b);
    return 0;
}

/* NOTE: Typecodes must be spooled AFTER arguments!! */
static void write_typecode(CodingSpool *s, uint8_t type)
{
    s->typeSpool |= (type & 3) << (14 - s->typeSpoolLength);
    s->typeSpoolLength += 2;
    if (s->typeSpoolLength == 16) {
        bytestream_put_le16(s->pout, s->typeSpool);
        bytestream_put_buffer(s->pout, s->argumentSpool,
                              s->args - s->argumentSpool);
        s->typeSpoolLength = 0;
        s->typeSpool = 0;
        s->args = s->argumentSpool;
    }
}

/* GIF header */
static int gif_image_write_header(AVCodecContext *avctx,
                                  uint8_t **bytestream, uint32_t *palette)
{
    int i;
    unsigned int v;

    bytestream_put_buffer(bytestream, "GIF", 3);
    bytestream_put_buffer(bytestream, "89a", 3);
    bytestream_put_le16(bytestream, avctx->width);
    bytestream_put_le16(bytestream, avctx->height);

    bytestream_put_byte(bytestream, 0xf7); /* flags: global clut, 256 entries */
    bytestream_put_byte(bytestream, 0x1f); /* background color index */
    bytestream_put_byte(bytestream, 0); /* aspect ratio */

    /* the global palette */
    for(i=0;i<256;i++) {
        v = palette[i];
        bytestream_put_be24(bytestream, v);
    }

    return 0;
}

static void roq_write_video_info_chunk(RoqContext *enc)
{
    /* ROQ info chunk */
    bytestream_put_le16(&enc->out_buf, RoQ_INFO);

    /* Size: 8 bytes */
    bytestream_put_le32(&enc->out_buf, 8);

    /* Unused argument */
    bytestream_put_byte(&enc->out_buf, 0x00);
    bytestream_put_byte(&enc->out_buf, 0x00);

    /* Width */
    bytestream_put_le16(&enc->out_buf, enc->width);

    /* Height */
    bytestream_put_le16(&enc->out_buf, enc->height);

    /* Unused in Quake 3, mimics the output of the real encoder */
    bytestream_put_byte(&enc->out_buf, 0x08);
    bytestream_put_byte(&enc->out_buf, 0x00);
    bytestream_put_byte(&enc->out_buf, 0x04);
    bytestream_put_byte(&enc->out_buf, 0x00);
}

/**
 * Write codebook chunk
 */
static void write_codebooks(RoqContext *enc, RoqTempdata *tempData)
{
    int i, j;
    uint8_t **outp= &enc->out_buf;

    if (tempData->numCB2) {
        bytestream_put_le16(outp, RoQ_QUAD_CODEBOOK);
        bytestream_put_le32(outp, tempData->numCB2*6 + tempData->numCB4*4);
        bytestream_put_byte(outp, tempData->numCB4);
        bytestream_put_byte(outp, tempData->numCB2);

        for (i=0; i<tempData->numCB2; i++) {
            bytestream_put_buffer(outp, enc->cb2x2[tempData->f2i2[i]].y, 4);
            bytestream_put_byte(outp, enc->cb2x2[tempData->f2i2[i]].u);
            bytestream_put_byte(outp, enc->cb2x2[tempData->f2i2[i]].v);
        }

        for (i=0; i<tempData->numCB4; i++)
            for (j=0; j<4; j++)
                bytestream_put_byte(outp, tempData->i2f2[enc->cb4x4[tempData->f2i4[i]].idx[j]]);

    }
}

static void reconstruct_and_encode_image(RoqContext *enc, RoqTempdata *tempData, int w, int h, int numBlocks)
{
    int i, j, k;
    int x, y;
    int subX, subY;
    int dist=0;

    roq_qcell *qcell;
    CelEvaluation *eval;

    CodingSpool spool;

    spool.typeSpool=0;
    spool.typeSpoolLength=0;
    spool.args = spool.argumentSpool;
    spool.pout = &enc->out_buf;

    if (tempData->used_option[RoQ_ID_CCC]%2)
        tempData->mainChunkSize+=8; //FIXME

    /* Write the video chunk header */
    bytestream_put_le16(&enc->out_buf, RoQ_QUAD_VQ);
    bytestream_put_le32(&enc->out_buf, tempData->mainChunkSize/8);
    bytestream_put_byte(&enc->out_buf, 0x0);
    bytestream_put_byte(&enc->out_buf, 0x0);

    for (i=0; i<numBlocks; i++) {
        eval = tempData->cel_evals + i;

        x = eval->sourceX;
        y = eval->sourceY;
        dist += eval->eval_dist[eval->best_coding];

        switch (eval->best_coding) {
        case RoQ_ID_MOT:
            write_typecode(&spool, RoQ_ID_MOT);
            break;

        case RoQ_ID_FCC:
            bytestream_put_byte(&spool.args, motion_arg(eval->motion));

            write_typecode(&spool, RoQ_ID_FCC);
            ff_apply_motion_8x8(enc, x, y,
                                eval->motion.d[0], eval->motion.d[1]);
            break;

        case RoQ_ID_SLD:
            bytestream_put_byte(&spool.args, tempData->i2f4[eval->cbEntry]);
            write_typecode(&spool, RoQ_ID_SLD);

            qcell = enc->cb4x4 + eval->cbEntry;
            ff_apply_vector_4x4(enc, x  , y  , enc->cb2x2 + qcell->idx[0]);
            ff_apply_vector_4x4(enc, x+4, y  , enc->cb2x2 + qcell->idx[1]);
            ff_apply_vector_4x4(enc, x  , y+4, enc->cb2x2 + qcell->idx[2]);
            ff_apply_vector_4x4(enc, x+4, y+4, enc->cb2x2 + qcell->idx[3]);
            break;

        case RoQ_ID_CCC:
            write_typecode(&spool, RoQ_ID_CCC);

            for (j=0; j<4; j++) {
                subX = x + 4*(j&1);
                subY = y + 2*(j&2);

                switch(eval->subCels[j].best_coding) {
                case RoQ_ID_MOT:
                    break;

                case RoQ_ID_FCC:
                    bytestream_put_byte(&spool.args,
                                        motion_arg(eval->subCels[j].motion));

                    ff_apply_motion_4x4(enc, subX, subY,
                                        eval->subCels[j].motion.d[0],
                                        eval->subCels[j].motion.d[1]);
                    break;

                case RoQ_ID_SLD:
                    bytestream_put_byte(&spool.args,
                                        tempData->i2f4[eval->subCels[j].cbEntry]);

                    qcell = enc->cb4x4 + eval->subCels[j].cbEntry;

                    ff_apply_vector_2x2(enc, subX  , subY  ,
                                        enc->cb2x2 + qcell->idx[0]);
                    ff_apply_vector_2x2(enc, subX+2, subY  ,
                                        enc->cb2x2 + qcell->idx[1]);
                    ff_apply_vector_2x2(enc, subX  , subY+2,
                                        enc->cb2x2 + qcell->idx[2]);
                    ff_apply_vector_2x2(enc, subX+2, subY+2,
                                        enc->cb2x2 + qcell->idx[3]);
                    break;

                case RoQ_ID_CCC:
                    for (k=0; k<4; k++) {
                        int cb_idx = eval->subCels[j].subCels[k];
                        bytestream_put_byte(&spool.args,
                                            tempData->i2f2[cb_idx]);

                        ff_apply_vector_2x2(enc, subX + 2*(k&1), subY + (k&2),
//.........这里部分代码省略.........

/* GIF header */
static int gif_image_write_header(uint8_t **bytestream,
                                  int width, int height, int loop_count,
                                  uint32_t *palette)
{
    int i;
    unsigned int v;

    bytestream_put_buffer(bytestream, "GIF", 3);
    bytestream_put_buffer(bytestream, "89a", 3);
    bytestream_put_le16(bytestream, width);
    bytestream_put_le16(bytestream, height);

    bytestream_put_byte(bytestream, 0xf7); /* flags: global clut, 256 entries */
    bytestream_put_byte(bytestream, 0x1f); /* background color index */
    bytestream_put_byte(bytestream, 0); /* aspect ratio */

    /* the global palette */
    if (!palette) {
        bytestream_put_buffer(bytestream, (const unsigned char *)gif_clut, 216*3);
        for(i=0;i<((256-216)*3);i++)
            bytestream_put_byte(bytestream, 0);
    } else {
        for(i=0;i<256;i++) {
            v = palette[i];
            bytestream_put_be24(bytestream, v);
        }
    }

        /*        update: this is the 'NETSCAPE EXTENSION' that allows for looped animated gif
                see http://members.aol.com/royalef/gifabout.htm#net-extension

                byte   1       : 33 (hex 0x21) GIF Extension code
                byte   2       : 255 (hex 0xFF) Application Extension Label
                byte   3       : 11 (hex (0x0B) Length of Application Block
                                         (eleven bytes of data to follow)
                bytes  4 to 11 : "NETSCAPE"
                bytes 12 to 14 : "2.0"
                byte  15       : 3 (hex 0x03) Length of Data Sub-Block
                                         (three bytes of data to follow)
                byte  16       : 1 (hex 0x01)
                bytes 17 to 18 : 0 to 65535, an unsigned integer in
                                         lo-hi byte format. This indicate the
                                         number of iterations the loop should
                                         be executed.
                bytes 19       : 0 (hex 0x00) a Data Sub-block Terminator
        */

    /* application extension header */
#ifdef GIF_ADD_APP_HEADER
    if (loop_count >= 0 && loop_count <= 65535) {
        bytestream_put_byte(bytestream, 0x21);
        bytestream_put_byte(bytestream, 0xff);
        bytestream_put_byte(bytestream, 0x0b);
        bytestream_put_buffer(bytestream, "NETSCAPE2.0", 11);  // bytes 4 to 14
        bytestream_put_byte(bytestream, 0x03); // byte 15
        bytestream_put_byte(bytestream, 0x01); // byte 16
        bytestream_put_le16(bytestream, (uint16_t)loop_count);
        bytestream_put_byte(bytestream, 0x00); // byte 19
    }
#endif
    return 0;
}

int ff_rtmp_packet_write(URLContext *h, RTMPPacket *pkt,
                         int chunk_size, RTMPPacket **prev_pkt_ptr,
                         int *nb_prev_pkt)
{
    uint8_t pkt_hdr[16], *p = pkt_hdr;
    int mode = RTMP_PS_TWELVEBYTES;
    int off = 0;
    int written = 0;
    int ret;
    RTMPPacket *prev_pkt;
    int use_delta; // flag if using timestamp delta, not RTMP_PS_TWELVEBYTES
    uint32_t timestamp; // full 32-bit timestamp or delta value

    if ((ret = ff_rtmp_check_alloc_array(prev_pkt_ptr, nb_prev_pkt,
                                         pkt->channel_id)) < 0)
        return ret;
    prev_pkt = *prev_pkt_ptr;

    //if channel_id = 0, this is first presentation of prev_pkt, send full hdr.
    use_delta = prev_pkt[pkt->channel_id].channel_id &&
        pkt->extra == prev_pkt[pkt->channel_id].extra &&
        pkt->timestamp >= prev_pkt[pkt->channel_id].timestamp;

    timestamp = pkt->timestamp;
    if (use_delta) {
        timestamp -= prev_pkt[pkt->channel_id].timestamp;
    }
    if (timestamp >= 0xFFFFFF) {
        pkt->ts_field = 0xFFFFFF;
    } else {
        pkt->ts_field = timestamp;
    }

    if (use_delta) {
        if (pkt->type == prev_pkt[pkt->channel_id].type &&
            pkt->size == prev_pkt[pkt->channel_id].size) {
            mode = RTMP_PS_FOURBYTES;
            if (pkt->ts_field == prev_pkt[pkt->channel_id].ts_field)
                mode = RTMP_PS_ONEBYTE;
        } else {
            mode = RTMP_PS_EIGHTBYTES;
        }
    }

    if (pkt->channel_id < 64) {
        bytestream_put_byte(&p, pkt->channel_id | (mode << 6));
    } else if (pkt->channel_id < 64 + 256) {
        bytestream_put_byte(&p, 0               | (mode << 6));
        bytestream_put_byte(&p, pkt->channel_id - 64);
    } else {
        bytestream_put_byte(&p, 1               | (mode << 6));
        bytestream_put_le16(&p, pkt->channel_id - 64);
    }
    if (mode != RTMP_PS_ONEBYTE) {
        bytestream_put_be24(&p, pkt->ts_field);
        if (mode != RTMP_PS_FOURBYTES) {
            bytestream_put_be24(&p, pkt->size);
            bytestream_put_byte(&p, pkt->type);
            if (mode == RTMP_PS_TWELVEBYTES)
                bytestream_put_le32(&p, pkt->extra);
        }
    }
    if (pkt->ts_field == 0xFFFFFF)
        bytestream_put_be32(&p, timestamp);
    // save history
    prev_pkt[pkt->channel_id].channel_id = pkt->channel_id;
    prev_pkt[pkt->channel_id].type       = pkt->type;
    prev_pkt[pkt->channel_id].size       = pkt->size;
    prev_pkt[pkt->channel_id].timestamp  = pkt->timestamp;
    prev_pkt[pkt->channel_id].ts_field   = pkt->ts_field;
    prev_pkt[pkt->channel_id].extra      = pkt->extra;

    if ((ret = ffurl_write(h, pkt_hdr, p - pkt_hdr)) < 0)
        return ret;
    written = p - pkt_hdr + pkt->size;
    while (off < pkt->size) {
        int towrite = FFMIN(chunk_size, pkt->size - off);
        if ((ret = ffurl_write(h, pkt->data + off, towrite)) < 0)
            return ret;
        off += towrite;
        if (off < pkt->size) {
            uint8_t marker = 0xC0 | pkt->channel_id;
            if ((ret = ffurl_write(h, &marker, 1)) < 0)
                return ret;
            written++;
        }
    }
    return written;
}

int ff_rtmp_packet_write(URLContext *h, RTMPPacket *pkt,
                         int chunk_size, RTMPPacket *prev_pkt)
{
	uint8_t pkt_hdr[16], *p = pkt_hdr;
	int mode = RTMP_PS_TWELVEBYTES;
	int off = 0;
	int size = 0;

	pkt->ts_delta = pkt->timestamp - prev_pkt[pkt->channel_id].timestamp;

	//if channel_id = 0, this is first presentation of prev_pkt, send full hdr.
	if (prev_pkt[pkt->channel_id].channel_id &&
	        pkt->extra == prev_pkt[pkt->channel_id].extra)
	{
		if (pkt->type == prev_pkt[pkt->channel_id].type &&
		        pkt->data_size == prev_pkt[pkt->channel_id].data_size)
		{
			mode = RTMP_PS_FOURBYTES;
			if (pkt->ts_delta == prev_pkt[pkt->channel_id].ts_delta)
				mode = RTMP_PS_ONEBYTE;
		}
		else
		{
			mode = RTMP_PS_EIGHTBYTES;
		}
	}

	if (pkt->channel_id < 64)
	{
		bytestream_put_byte(&p, pkt->channel_id | (mode << 6));
	}
	else if (pkt->channel_id < 64 + 256)
	{
		bytestream_put_byte(&p, 0               | (mode << 6));
		bytestream_put_byte(&p, pkt->channel_id - 64);
	}
	else
	{
		bytestream_put_byte(&p, 1               | (mode << 6));
		bytestream_put_le16(&p, pkt->channel_id - 64);
	}
	if (mode != RTMP_PS_ONEBYTE)
	{
		uint32_t timestamp = pkt->timestamp;
		if (mode != RTMP_PS_TWELVEBYTES)
			timestamp = pkt->ts_delta;
		bytestream_put_be24(&p, timestamp >= 0xFFFFFF ? 0xFFFFFF : timestamp);
		if (mode != RTMP_PS_FOURBYTES)
		{
			bytestream_put_be24(&p, pkt->data_size);
			bytestream_put_byte(&p, pkt->type);
			if (mode == RTMP_PS_TWELVEBYTES)
				bytestream_put_le32(&p, pkt->extra);
		}
		if (timestamp >= 0xFFFFFF)
			bytestream_put_be32(&p, timestamp);
	}
	// save history
	prev_pkt[pkt->channel_id].channel_id = pkt->channel_id;
	prev_pkt[pkt->channel_id].type       = pkt->type;
	prev_pkt[pkt->channel_id].data_size  = pkt->data_size;
	prev_pkt[pkt->channel_id].timestamp  = pkt->timestamp;
	if (mode != RTMP_PS_TWELVEBYTES)
	{
		prev_pkt[pkt->channel_id].ts_delta   = pkt->ts_delta;
	}
	else
	{
		prev_pkt[pkt->channel_id].ts_delta   = pkt->timestamp;
	}
	prev_pkt[pkt->channel_id].extra      = pkt->extra;

	ffurl_write(h, pkt_hdr, p-pkt_hdr);
	size = p - pkt_hdr + pkt->data_size;
	while (off < pkt->data_size)
	{
		int towrite = FFMIN(chunk_size, pkt->data_size - off);
		ffurl_write(h, pkt->data + off, towrite);
		off += towrite;
		if (off < pkt->data_size)
		{
			uint8_t marker = 0xC0 | pkt->channel_id;
			ffurl_write(h, &marker, 1);
			size++;
		}
	}
	return size;
}

static int xkcd_encode_frame(AVCodecContext *avctx, AVPacket *pkt,
                            const AVFrame *pict, int *got_packet)
{
    const AVFrame * const picture = pict;	/* Actual image data */

	/* header_size = header size */
    int bytes_in_image, bytes_per_row, total_bytes, i, header_size, ret;

	/* pad_bytes_per_row = bytes of null to fill in at the end of a row of image data */
    int pad_bytes_per_row = 0;

	/* Number of bits per pixel */
    int bit_count = avctx->bits_per_coded_sample;

	/* buffer_data = data to be buffered, buf = buffer to write to */
    uint8_t *buffer_data, *buffer;

	/* Cite: BMP encoder */
    avctx->coded_frame->pict_type = AV_PICTURE_TYPE_I;
    avctx->coded_frame->key_frame = 1;

	/* Number of bytes of image data in a row */
	/* (width in pixels * bits per pixel) / 8 to put it in bytes.
	Add 7 bits to the width in bits to make sure to have enough
	bytes of storage when we divide (making sure when it truncates
	in division, it doesn't get rid of what we need) */
	/* Cite: BMP encoder */
    bytes_per_row = ((int64_t)avctx->width * (int64_t)bit_count + 7LL) >> 3LL;
	/* End cite */

	/* Bytes at the end of a row that are 'crossed out' */
	/* Take the remainder from the above bytes and fill in with
	padding by looking at the last two bits after 4 - bytes_per_row.*/
    pad_bytes_per_row = (4 - bytes_per_row) & 3;

	/* Total bytes in image */
    bytes_in_image = avctx->height * (bytes_per_row + pad_bytes_per_row);

    header_size = 14;

	/* Number of bytes in the entire file */
    total_bytes = bytes_in_image + header_size;

	/* Cite: BMP encoder */
    if ((ret = ff_alloc_packet2(avctx, pkt, total_bytes)) < 0)
        return ret;
    buffer = pkt->data;
	/* End cite */

	/* Start building the header */
    bytestream_put_byte(&buffer, 'X');                   // Filetype
    bytestream_put_byte(&buffer, 'K');                   // Filetype
    bytestream_put_byte(&buffer, 'C');                   // Filetype
    bytestream_put_byte(&buffer, 'D');                   // Filetype
    bytestream_put_le32(&buffer, total_bytes);           // Size of entire file
    bytestream_put_le16(&buffer, avctx->width);          // Width of image in pixels
    bytestream_put_le16(&buffer, avctx->height);         // Height of image in pixels
    bytestream_put_le16(&buffer, bit_count);             // Bits per pixel


    // Start the buffer
    buffer_data = picture->data[0];

	/* Write the image */
	/* Cite: BMP encoder */
    for(i = 0; i < avctx->height; i++) {
		/* Write line to buffer */
		memcpy(buffer, buffer_data, bytes_per_row);

		/* Point buffer to the end of the data and start of the padding */
        buffer += bytes_per_row;

		/* Null out the array which creates padding */
        memset(buffer, 0, pad_bytes_per_row);

		/* Point buffer to the end of the padding and start of the new data */
        buffer += pad_bytes_per_row;

		/* Now point to next row */
        buffer_data += picture->linesize[0];
    }

    pkt->flags |= AV_PKT_FLAG_KEY;
    *got_packet = 1;
	/* End cite */

    return 0;
}

static int pcx_encode_frame(AVCodecContext *avctx, AVPacket *pkt,
                            const AVFrame *frame, int *got_packet)
{
    PCXContext *s = avctx->priv_data;
    AVFrame *const pict = &s->picture;
    const uint8_t *buf_end;
    uint8_t *buf;

    int bpp, nplanes, i, y, line_bytes, written, ret, max_pkt_size;
    const uint32_t *pal = NULL;
    uint32_t palette256[256];
    const uint8_t *src;

    *pict = *frame;
    pict->pict_type = AV_PICTURE_TYPE_I;
    pict->key_frame = 1;

    if (avctx->width > 65535 || avctx->height > 65535) {
        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "image dimensions do not fit in 16 bits\n");
        return -1;
    }

    switch (avctx->pix_fmt) {
    case PIX_FMT_RGB24:
        bpp = 8;
        nplanes = 3;
        break;
    case PIX_FMT_RGB8:
    case PIX_FMT_BGR8:
    case PIX_FMT_RGB4_BYTE:
    case PIX_FMT_BGR4_BYTE:
    case PIX_FMT_GRAY8:
        bpp = 8;
        nplanes = 1;
        ff_set_systematic_pal2(palette256, avctx->pix_fmt);
        pal = palette256;
        break;
    case PIX_FMT_PAL8:
        bpp = 8;
        nplanes = 1;
        pal = (uint32_t *)pict->data[1];
        break;
    case PIX_FMT_MONOBLACK:
        bpp = 1;
        nplanes = 1;
        pal = monoblack_pal;
        break;
    default:
        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "unsupported pixfmt\n");
        return -1;
    }

    line_bytes = (avctx->width * bpp + 7) >> 3;
    line_bytes = (line_bytes + 1) & ~1;

    max_pkt_size = 128 + avctx->height * 2 * line_bytes * nplanes + (pal ? 256*3 + 1 : 0);
    if ((ret = ff_alloc_packet2(avctx, pkt, max_pkt_size)) < 0)
        return ret;
    buf     = pkt->data;
    buf_end = pkt->data + pkt->size;

    bytestream_put_byte(&buf, 10);                  // manufacturer
    bytestream_put_byte(&buf, 5);                   // version
    bytestream_put_byte(&buf, 1);                   // encoding
    bytestream_put_byte(&buf, bpp);                 // bits per pixel per plane
    bytestream_put_le16(&buf, 0);                   // x min
    bytestream_put_le16(&buf, 0);                   // y min
    bytestream_put_le16(&buf, avctx->width - 1);    // x max
    bytestream_put_le16(&buf, avctx->height - 1);   // y max
    bytestream_put_le16(&buf, 0);                   // horizontal DPI
    bytestream_put_le16(&buf, 0);                   // vertical DPI
    for (i = 0; i < 16; i++)
        bytestream_put_be24(&buf, pal ? pal[i] : 0);// palette (<= 16 color only)
    bytestream_put_byte(&buf, 0);                   // reserved
    bytestream_put_byte(&buf, nplanes);             // number of planes
    bytestream_put_le16(&buf, line_bytes);          // scanline plane size in bytes

    while (buf - pkt->data < 128)
        *buf++= 0;

    src = pict->data[0];

    for (y = 0; y < avctx->height; y++) {
        if ((written = pcx_rle_encode(buf, buf_end - buf,
                                      src, line_bytes, nplanes)) < 0) {
            av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "buffer too small\n");
            return -1;
        }
        buf += written;
        src += pict->linesize[0];
    }

    if (nplanes == 1 && bpp == 8) {
        if (buf_end - buf < 257) {
            av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "buffer too small\n");
            return -1;
        }
        bytestream_put_byte(&buf, 12);
        for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) {
            bytestream_put_be24(&buf, pal[i]);
//.........这里部分代码省略.........

/* returns the size or -1 on error */
int ff_put_wav_header(AVIOContext *pb, AVCodecContext *enc, int flags)
{
    int bps, blkalign, bytespersec, frame_size;
    int hdrsize;
    int64_t hdrstart = avio_tell(pb);
    int waveformatextensible;
    uint8_t temp[256];
    uint8_t *riff_extradata       = temp;
    uint8_t *riff_extradata_start = temp;

    if (!enc->codec_tag || enc->codec_tag > 0xffff)
        return -1;

    /* We use the known constant frame size for the codec if known, otherwise
     * fall back on using AVCodecContext.frame_size, which is not as reliable
     * for indicating packet duration. */
    frame_size = av_get_audio_frame_duration(enc, enc->block_align);

    waveformatextensible = (enc->channels > 2 && enc->channel_layout) ||
                           enc->sample_rate > 48000 ||
                           enc->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_EAC3 ||
                           av_get_bits_per_sample(enc->codec_id) > 16;

    if (waveformatextensible)
        avio_wl16(pb, 0xfffe);
    else
        avio_wl16(pb, enc->codec_tag);

    avio_wl16(pb, enc->channels);
    avio_wl32(pb, enc->sample_rate);
    if (enc->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_ATRAC3 ||
        enc->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_G723_1 ||
        enc->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_MP2    ||
        enc->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_MP3    ||
        enc->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_GSM_MS) {
        bps = 0;
    } else {
        if (!(bps = av_get_bits_per_sample(enc->codec_id))) {
            if (enc->bits_per_coded_sample)
                bps = enc->bits_per_coded_sample;
            else
                bps = 16;  // default to 16
        }
    }
    if (bps != enc->bits_per_coded_sample && enc->bits_per_coded_sample) {
        av_log(enc, AV_LOG_WARNING,
               "requested bits_per_coded_sample (%d) "
               "and actually stored (%d) differ\n",
               enc->bits_per_coded_sample, bps);
    }

    if (enc->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_MP2) {
        blkalign = (144 * enc->bit_rate - 1)/enc->sample_rate + 1;
    } else if (enc->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_MP3) {
        blkalign = 576 * (enc->sample_rate <= (24000 + 32000)/2 ? 1 : 2);
    } else if (enc->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_AC3) {
        blkalign = 3840;                /* maximum bytes per frame */
    } else if (enc->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_AAC) {
        blkalign = 768 * enc->channels; /* maximum bytes per frame */
    } else if (enc->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_G723_1) {
        blkalign = 24;
    } else if (enc->block_align != 0) { /* specified by the codec */
        blkalign = enc->block_align;
    } else
        blkalign = bps * enc->channels / av_gcd(8, bps);
    if (enc->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_PCM_U8 ||
        enc->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_PCM_S24LE ||
        enc->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_PCM_S32LE ||
        enc->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_PCM_F32LE ||
        enc->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_PCM_F64LE ||
        enc->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_PCM_S16LE) {
        bytespersec = enc->sample_rate * blkalign;
    } else if (enc->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_G723_1) {
        bytespersec = 800;
    } else {
        bytespersec = enc->bit_rate / 8;
    }
    avio_wl32(pb, bytespersec); /* bytes per second */
    avio_wl16(pb, blkalign);    /* block align */
    avio_wl16(pb, bps);         /* bits per sample */
    if (enc->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_MP3) {
        bytestream_put_le16(&riff_extradata, 1);    /* wID */
        bytestream_put_le32(&riff_extradata, 2);    /* fdwFlags */
        bytestream_put_le16(&riff_extradata, 1152); /* nBlockSize */
        bytestream_put_le16(&riff_extradata, 1);    /* nFramesPerBlock */
        bytestream_put_le16(&riff_extradata, 1393); /* nCodecDelay */
    } else if (enc->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_MP2) {
        /* fwHeadLayer */
        bytestream_put_le16(&riff_extradata, 2);
        /* dwHeadBitrate */
        bytestream_put_le32(&riff_extradata, enc->bit_rate);
        /* fwHeadMode */
        bytestream_put_le16(&riff_extradata, enc->channels == 2 ? 1 : 8);
        /* fwHeadModeExt */
        bytestream_put_le16(&riff_extradata, 0);
        /* wHeadEmphasis */
        bytestream_put_le16(&riff_extradata, 1);
        /* fwHeadFlags */
        bytestream_put_le16(&riff_extradata, 16);
//.........这里部分代码省略.........

/* returns the size or -1 on error */
int ff_put_wav_header(AVIOContext *pb, AVCodecContext *enc)
{
    int bps, blkalign, bytespersec, frame_size;
    int hdrsize = 18;
    int waveformatextensible;
    uint8_t temp[256];
    uint8_t *riff_extradata       = temp;
    uint8_t *riff_extradata_start = temp;

    if (!enc->codec_tag || enc->codec_tag > 0xffff)
        return -1;

    /* We use the known constant frame size for the codec if known, otherwise
     * fall back on using AVCodecContext.frame_size, which is not as reliable
     * for indicating packet duration. */
    frame_size = av_get_audio_frame_duration(enc, enc->block_align);

    waveformatextensible = (enc->channels > 2 && enc->channel_layout) ||
                           enc->sample_rate > 48000 ||
                           av_get_bits_per_sample(enc->codec_id) > 16;

    if (waveformatextensible)
        avio_wl16(pb, 0xfffe);
    else
        avio_wl16(pb, enc->codec_tag);

    avio_wl16(pb, enc->channels);
    avio_wl32(pb, enc->sample_rate);
    if (enc->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_MP2 ||
        enc->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_MP3 ||
        enc->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_GSM_MS) {
        bps = 0;
    } else {
        if (!(bps = av_get_bits_per_sample(enc->codec_id))) {
            if (enc->bits_per_coded_sample)
                bps = enc->bits_per_coded_sample;
            else
                bps = 16;  // default to 16
        }
    }
    if (bps != enc->bits_per_coded_sample && enc->bits_per_coded_sample) {
        av_log(enc, AV_LOG_WARNING,
               "requested bits_per_coded_sample (%d) "
               "and actually stored (%d) differ\n",
               enc->bits_per_coded_sample, bps);
    }

    if (enc->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_MP2) {
        blkalign = frame_size;
    } else if (enc->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_MP3) {
        blkalign = 576 * (enc->sample_rate <= 24000 ? 1 : 2);
    } else if (enc->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_AC3) {
        blkalign = 3840;                /* maximum bytes per frame */
    } else if (enc->block_align != 0) { /* specified by the codec */
        blkalign = enc->block_align;
    } else
        blkalign = bps * enc->channels / av_gcd(8, bps);
    if (enc->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_PCM_U8 ||
        enc->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_PCM_S24LE ||
        enc->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_PCM_S32LE ||
        enc->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_PCM_F32LE ||
        enc->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_PCM_F64LE ||
        enc->codec_id == AV_CO