static void copy_rom_data(rom_load_data *romdata, const rom_entry *romp)
{
	UINT8 *base = romdata->regionbase + ROM_GETOFFSET(romp);
	int srcregion = ROM_GETFLAGS(romp) >> 24;
	UINT32 numbytes = ROM_GETLENGTH(romp);
	UINT32 srcoffs = (UINT32)ROM_GETHASHDATA(romp);  /* srcoffset in place of hashdata */
	UINT8 *srcbase;

	/* make sure we copy within the region space */
	if (ROM_GETOFFSET(romp) + numbytes > romdata->regionlength)
		fatalerror("Error in RomModule definition: COPY out of target memory region space\n");

	/* make sure the length was valid */
	if (numbytes == 0)
		fatalerror("Error in RomModule definition: COPY has an invalid length\n");

	/* make sure the source was valid */
	srcbase = memory_region(srcregion);
	if (!srcbase)
		fatalerror("Error in RomModule definition: COPY from an invalid region\n");

	/* make sure we find within the region space */
	if (srcoffs + numbytes > memory_region_length(srcregion))
		fatalerror("Error in RomModule definition: COPY out of source memory region space\n");

	/* fill the data */
	memcpy(base, srcbase + srcoffs, numbytes);
}

static void copy_rom_data(romload_private *romdata, const rom_entry *romp)
{
	UINT8 *base = romdata->region->base() + ROM_GETOFFSET(romp);
	const char *srcrgntag = ROM_GETNAME(romp);
	UINT32 numbytes = ROM_GETLENGTH(romp);
	UINT32 srcoffs = (FPTR)ROM_GETHASHDATA(romp);  /* srcoffset in place of hashdata */

	/* make sure we copy within the region space */
	if (ROM_GETOFFSET(romp) + numbytes > romdata->region->bytes())
		fatalerror("Error in RomModule definition: COPY out of target memory region space\n");

	/* make sure the length was valid */
	if (numbytes == 0)
		fatalerror("Error in RomModule definition: COPY has an invalid length\n");

	/* make sure the source was valid */
	memory_region *region = romdata->machine().root_device().memregion(srcrgntag);
	if (region == NULL)
		fatalerror("Error in RomModule definition: COPY from an invalid region\n");

	/* make sure we find within the region space */
	if (srcoffs + numbytes > region->bytes())
		fatalerror("Error in RomModule definition: COPY out of source memory region space\n");

	/* fill the data */
	memcpy(base, region->base() + srcoffs, numbytes);
}

HRESULT CRom::Init(const struct GameDriver *gamedrv, const struct RomModule *region, const struct RomModule *rom)
{
	if ( !gamedrv || !region ||!rom )
		return S_FALSE;

	m_gamedrv = gamedrv;
	m_region = region;
	m_rom = rom;

	m_pszName = ROM_GETNAME(m_rom);

	m_dwState = 0;
	m_dwLength = 0;
	m_dwExpLength = 0;

	const struct RomModule *chunk;
	for (chunk = rom_first_chunk(m_rom); chunk; chunk = rom_next_chunk(chunk))
		m_dwExpLength += ROM_GETLENGTH(chunk);

	m_dwChecksum = 0;

	char szExpChecksum[256];
	lstrcpy(szExpChecksum, ROM_GETHASHDATA(m_rom));
	m_dwExpChecksum = GetChecksumFromHash(szExpChecksum);

	m_dwRegionFlags = ROMREGION_GETFLAGS(m_region);

	return S_OK;
}

UINT32 rom_file_size(const rom_entry *romp)
{
	UINT32 maxlength = 0;

	/* loop until we run out of reloads */
	do
	{
		UINT32 curlength;

		/* loop until we run out of continues/ignores */
		curlength = ROM_GETLENGTH(romp++);
		while (ROMENTRY_ISCONTINUE(romp) || ROMENTRY_ISIGNORE(romp))
			curlength += ROM_GETLENGTH(romp++);

		/* track the maximum length */
		maxlength = MAX(maxlength, curlength);
	}
	while (ROMENTRY_ISRELOAD(romp));

	return maxlength;
}

device_t *media_auditor::find_shared_device(device_t &device, const hash_collection &romhashes, UINT64 romlength)
{
    // doesn't apply to NO_DUMP items
    if (romhashes.flag(hash_collection::FLAG_NO_DUMP))
        return NULL;

    // special case for non-root devices
    device_t *highest_device = NULL;
    if (device.owner() != NULL)
    {
        for (const rom_entry *region = rom_first_region(device); region != NULL; region = rom_next_region(region))
            for (const rom_entry *rom = rom_first_file(region); rom != NULL; rom = rom_next_file(rom))
                if (ROM_GETLENGTH(rom) == romlength)
                {
                    hash_collection hashes(ROM_GETHASHDATA(rom));
                    if (hashes == romhashes)
                        highest_device = &device;
                }
    }
    else
    {
        // iterate up the parent chain
        for (int drvindex = m_enumerator.find(m_enumerator.driver().parent); drvindex != -1; drvindex = m_enumerator.find(m_enumerator.driver(drvindex).parent))
        {
            device_iterator deviter(m_enumerator.config(drvindex).root_device());
            for (device_t *scandevice = deviter.first(); scandevice != NULL; scandevice = deviter.next())
                for (const rom_entry *region = rom_first_region(*scandevice); region; region = rom_next_region(region))
                    for (const rom_entry *rom = rom_first_file(region); rom; rom = rom_next_file(rom))
                        if (ROM_GETLENGTH(rom) == romlength)
                        {
                            hash_collection hashes(ROM_GETHASHDATA(rom));
                            if (hashes == romhashes)
                                highest_device = scandevice;
                        }
        }
    }

    return highest_device;
}

void printromlist(const struct RomModule *romp,const char *basename)
{
	const struct RomModule *region, *rom, *chunk;
	char buf[512];

	if (!romp) return;

#ifdef MESS
	if (!strcmp(basename,"nes")) return;
#endif

	printf("This is the list of the ROMs required for driver \"%s\".\n"
			"Name              Size       Checksum\n",basename);

	for (region = romp; region; region = rom_next_region(region))
	{
		for (rom = rom_first_file(region); rom; rom = rom_next_file(rom))
		{
			const char *name = ROM_GETNAME(rom);
			const char* hash = ROM_GETHASHDATA(rom);
			int length = -1; /* default is for disks! */

			if (ROMREGION_ISROMDATA(region))
			{
				length = 0;
				for (chunk = rom_first_chunk(rom); chunk; chunk = rom_next_chunk(chunk))
					length += ROM_GETLENGTH(chunk);
			}

			printf("%-12s ", name);
			if (length >= 0)
				printf("%7d",length);
				else
				printf("       ");

			if (!hash_data_has_info(hash, HASH_INFO_NO_DUMP))
			{
				if (hash_data_has_info(hash, HASH_INFO_BAD_DUMP))
					printf(" BAD");

				hash_data_print(hash, 0, buf);
				printf(" %s", buf);
			}
			else
				printf(" NO GOOD DUMP KNOWN");

			printf("\n");
		}
	}
}

device_t *media_auditor::find_shared_device(device_t &device, const char *name, const hash_collection &romhashes, UINT64 romlength)
{
	bool dumped = !romhashes.flag(hash_collection::FLAG_NO_DUMP);

	// special case for non-root devices
	device_t *highest_device = nullptr;
	if (device.owner() != nullptr)
	{
		for (const rom_entry *region = rom_first_region(device); region != nullptr; region = rom_next_region(region))
			for (const rom_entry *rom = rom_first_file(region); rom != nullptr; rom = rom_next_file(rom))
				if (ROM_GETLENGTH(rom) == romlength)
				{
					hash_collection hashes(ROM_GETHASHDATA(rom));
					if ((dumped && hashes == romhashes) || (!dumped && ROM_GETNAME(rom) == name))
						highest_device = &device;
				}
	}
	else
	{
		// iterate up the parent chain
		for (int drvindex = m_enumerator.find(m_enumerator.driver().parent); drvindex != -1; drvindex = m_enumerator.find(m_enumerator.driver(drvindex).parent))
		{
			device_iterator deviter(m_enumerator.config(drvindex).root_device());
			for (device_t *scandevice = deviter.first(); scandevice != nullptr; scandevice = deviter.next())
				for (const rom_entry *region = rom_first_region(*scandevice); region; region = rom_next_region(region))
					for (const rom_entry *rom = rom_first_file(region); rom; rom = rom_next_file(rom))
						if (ROM_GETLENGTH(rom) == romlength)
						{
							hash_collection hashes(ROM_GETHASHDATA(rom));
							if ((dumped && hashes == romhashes) || (!dumped && ROM_GETNAME(rom) == name))
								highest_device = scandevice;
						}
		}
	}

	return highest_device;
}

static void fill_rom_data(romload_private *romdata, const rom_entry *romp)
{
	UINT32 numbytes = ROM_GETLENGTH(romp);
	UINT8 *base = romdata->region->base() + ROM_GETOFFSET(romp);

	/* make sure we fill within the region space */
	if (ROM_GETOFFSET(romp) + numbytes > romdata->region->bytes())
		fatalerror("Error in RomModule definition: FILL out of memory region space\n");

	/* make sure the length was valid */
	if (numbytes == 0)
		fatalerror("Error in RomModule definition: FILL has an invalid length\n");

	/* fill the data (filling value is stored in place of the hashdata) */
	memset(base, (FPTR)ROM_GETHASHDATA(romp) & 0xff, numbytes);
}

static int fill_rom_data(struct rom_load_data *romdata, const struct RomModule *romp)
{
	UINT32 numbytes = ROM_GETLENGTH(romp);
	UINT8 *base = romdata->regionbase + ROM_GETOFFSET(romp);

	/* make sure we fill within the region space */
	if (ROM_GETOFFSET(romp) + numbytes > romdata->regionlength)
	{
		printf("Error in RomModule definition: FILL out of memory region space\n");
		return 0;
	}

	/* make sure the length was valid */
	if (numbytes == 0)
	{
		printf("Error in RomModule definition: FILL has an invalid length\n");
		return 0;
	}

	/* fill the data (filling value is stored in place of the hashdata) */
	memset(base, (UINT32)ROM_GETHASHDATA(romp) & 0xff, numbytes);
	return 1;
}

static int read_rom_data(romload_private *romdata, const rom_entry *parent_region, const rom_entry *romp)
{
	int datashift = ROM_GETBITSHIFT(romp);
	int datamask = ((1 << ROM_GETBITWIDTH(romp)) - 1) << datashift;
	int numbytes = ROM_GETLENGTH(romp);
	int groupsize = ROM_GETGROUPSIZE(romp);
	int skip = ROM_GETSKIPCOUNT(romp);
	int reversed = ROM_ISREVERSED(romp);
	int numgroups = (numbytes + groupsize - 1) / groupsize;
	UINT8 *base = romdata->region->base() + ROM_GETOFFSET(romp);
	UINT32 tempbufsize;
	int i;

	LOG(("Loading ROM data: offs=%X len=%X mask=%02X group=%d skip=%d reverse=%d\n", ROM_GETOFFSET(romp), numbytes, datamask, groupsize, skip, reversed));

	/* make sure the length was an even multiple of the group size */
	if (numbytes % groupsize != 0)
		mame_printf_warning("Warning in RomModule definition: %s length not an even multiple of group size\n", ROM_GETNAME(romp));

	/* make sure we only fill within the region space */
	if (ROM_GETOFFSET(romp) + numgroups * groupsize + (numgroups - 1) * skip > romdata->region->bytes())
		fatalerror("Error in RomModule definition: %s out of memory region space\n", ROM_GETNAME(romp));

	/* make sure the length was valid */
	if (numbytes == 0)
		fatalerror("Error in RomModule definition: %s has an invalid length\n", ROM_GETNAME(romp));

	/* special case for simple loads */
	if (datamask == 0xff && (groupsize == 1 || !reversed) && skip == 0)
		return rom_fread(romdata, base, numbytes, parent_region);

	/* use a temporary buffer for complex loads */
	tempbufsize = MIN(TEMPBUFFER_MAX_SIZE, numbytes);
	dynamic_buffer tempbuf(tempbufsize);

	/* chunky reads for complex loads */
	skip += groupsize;
	while (numbytes > 0)
	{
		int evengroupcount = (tempbufsize / groupsize) * groupsize;
		int bytesleft = (numbytes > evengroupcount) ? evengroupcount : numbytes;
		UINT8 *bufptr = tempbuf;

		/* read as much as we can */
		LOG(("  Reading %X bytes into buffer\n", bytesleft));
		if (rom_fread(romdata, bufptr, bytesleft, parent_region) != bytesleft)
			return 0;
		numbytes -= bytesleft;

		LOG(("  Copying to %p\n", base));

		/* unmasked cases */
		if (datamask == 0xff)
		{
			/* non-grouped data */
			if (groupsize == 1)
				for (i = 0; i < bytesleft; i++, base += skip)
					*base = *bufptr++;

			/* grouped data -- non-reversed case */
			else if (!reversed)
				while (bytesleft)
				{
					for (i = 0; i < groupsize && bytesleft; i++, bytesleft--)
						base[i] = *bufptr++;
					base += skip;
				}

			/* grouped data -- reversed case */
			else
				while (bytesleft)
				{
					for (i = groupsize - 1; i >= 0 && bytesleft; i--, bytesleft--)
						base[i] = *bufptr++;
					base += skip;
				}
		}

		/* masked cases */
		else
		{
			/* non-grouped data */
			if (groupsize == 1)
				for (i = 0; i < bytesleft; i++, base += skip)
					*base = (*base & ~datamask) | ((*bufptr++ << datashift) & datamask);

			/* grouped data -- non-reversed case */
			else if (!reversed)
				while (bytesleft)
				{
					for (i = 0; i < groupsize && bytesleft; i++, bytesleft--)
						base[i] = (base[i] & ~datamask) | ((*bufptr++ << datashift) & datamask);
					base += skip;
				}

			/* grouped data -- reversed case */
			else
				while (bytesleft)
				{
					for (i = groupsize - 1; i >= 0 && bytesleft; i--, bytesleft--)
//.........这里部分代码省略.........

static int load_cartridge(const rom_entry *romrgn, const rom_entry *roment, mame_file *file)
{
	UINT32 region, flags;
	offs_t offset, length, read_length, pos = 0, len;
	UINT8 *ptr;
	UINT8 clear_val;
	int type, datawidth, littleendian, i, j;

	region = ROMREGION_GETTYPE(romrgn);
	offset = ROM_GETOFFSET(roment);
	length = ROM_GETLENGTH(roment);
	flags = ROM_GETFLAGS(roment);
	ptr = ((UINT8 *) memory_region(region)) + offset;

	if (file)
	{
		/* must this be full size */
		if (flags & ROM_FULLSIZE)
		{
			if (mame_fsize(file) != length)
				return INIT_FAIL;
		}

		/* read the ROM */
		pos = read_length = mame_fread(file, ptr, length);

		/* do we need to mirror the ROM? */
		if (flags & ROM_MIRROR)
		{
			while(pos < length)
			{
				len = MIN(read_length, length - pos);
				memcpy(ptr + pos, ptr, len);
				pos += len;
			}
		}

		/* postprocess this region */
		type = ROMREGION_GETTYPE(romrgn);
		littleendian = ROMREGION_ISLITTLEENDIAN(romrgn);
		datawidth = ROMREGION_GETWIDTH(romrgn) / 8;

		/* if the region is inverted, do that now */
		if (type >= REGION_CPU1 && type < REGION_CPU1 + MAX_CPU)
		{
			int cputype = Machine->drv->cpu[type - REGION_CPU1].cpu_type;
			if (cputype != 0)
			{
				datawidth = cputype_databus_width(cputype, ADDRESS_SPACE_PROGRAM) / 8;
				littleendian = (cputype_endianness(cputype) == CPU_IS_LE);
			}
		}

		/* swap the endianness if we need to */
#ifdef LSB_FIRST
		if (datawidth > 1 && !littleendian)
#else
		if (datawidth > 1 && littleendian)
#endif
		{
			for (i = 0; i < length; i += datawidth)
			{
				UINT8 temp[8];
				memcpy(temp, &ptr[i], datawidth);
				for (j = datawidth - 1; j >= 0; j--)
					ptr[i + j] = temp[datawidth - 1 - j];
			}
		}
	}

	/* clear out anything that remains */
	if (!(flags & ROM_NOCLEAR))
	{
		clear_val = (flags & ROM_FILL_FF) ? 0xFF : 0x00;
		memset(ptr + pos, clear_val, length - pos);
	}
	return INIT_PASS;
}

bool device_image_interface::load_software(software_list_device &swlist, const char *swname, const rom_entry *start)
{
	std::string locationtag, breakstr("%");
	const rom_entry *region;
	bool retVal = false;
	int warningcount = 0;
	for (region = start; region != nullptr; region = rom_next_region(region))
	{
		// loop until we hit the end of this region
		const rom_entry *romp = region + 1;
		while (!ROMENTRY_ISREGIONEND(romp))
		{
			// handle files
			if (ROMENTRY_ISFILE(romp))
			{
				osd_file::error filerr = osd_file::error::NOT_FOUND;

				UINT32 crc = 0;
				bool has_crc = util::hash_collection(ROM_GETHASHDATA(romp)).crc(crc);

				const software_info *swinfo = swlist.find(swname);
				if (swinfo == nullptr)
					return false;

				UINT32 supported = swinfo->supported();
				if (supported == SOFTWARE_SUPPORTED_PARTIAL)
					osd_printf_error("WARNING: support for software %s (in list %s) is only partial\n", swname, swlist.list_name().c_str());
				if (supported == SOFTWARE_SUPPORTED_NO)
					osd_printf_error("WARNING: support for software %s (in list %s) is only preliminary\n", swname, swlist.list_name().c_str());

				// attempt reading up the chain through the parents and create a locationtag std::string in the format
				// " swlist % clonename % parentname "
				// below, we have the code to split the elements and to create paths to load from

				while (swinfo != nullptr)
				{
					locationtag.append(swinfo->shortname()).append(breakstr);
					swinfo = !swinfo->parentname().empty() ? swlist.find(swinfo->parentname().c_str()) : nullptr;
				}
				// strip the final '%'
				locationtag.erase(locationtag.length() - 1, 1);


				// check if locationtag actually contains two locations separated by '%'
				// (i.e. check if we are dealing with a clone in softwarelist)
				std::string tag2, tag3, tag4(locationtag), tag5;
				int separator = tag4.find_first_of('%');
				if (separator != -1)
				{
					// we are loading a clone through softlists, split the setname from the parentname
					tag5.assign(tag4.substr(separator + 1, tag4.length() - separator + 1));
					tag4.erase(separator, tag4.length() - separator);
				}

				// prepare locations where we have to load from: list/parentname & list/clonename
				std::string tag1(swlist.list_name());
				tag1.append(PATH_SEPARATOR);
				tag2.assign(tag1.append(tag4));
				tag1.assign(swlist.list_name());
				tag1.append(PATH_SEPARATOR);
				tag3.assign(tag1.append(tag5));

				if (tag5.find_first_of('%') != -1)
					fatalerror("We do not support clones of clones!\n");

				// try to load from the available location(s):
				// - if we are not using lists, we have regiontag only;
				// - if we are using lists, we have: list/clonename, list/parentname, clonename, parentname
				// try to load from list/setname
				if ((m_mame_file == nullptr) && (tag2.c_str() != nullptr))
					m_mame_file = common_process_file(device().machine().options(), tag2.c_str(), has_crc, crc, romp, filerr);
				// try to load from list/parentname
				if ((m_mame_file == nullptr) && (tag3.c_str() != nullptr))
					m_mame_file = common_process_file(device().machine().options(), tag3.c_str(), has_crc, crc, romp, filerr);
				// try to load from setname
				if ((m_mame_file == nullptr) && (tag4.c_str() != nullptr))
					m_mame_file = common_process_file(device().machine().options(), tag4.c_str(), has_crc, crc, romp, filerr);
				// try to load from parentname
				if ((m_mame_file == nullptr) && (tag5.c_str() != nullptr))
					m_mame_file = common_process_file(device().machine().options(), tag5.c_str(), has_crc, crc, romp, filerr);

				warningcount += verify_length_and_hash(m_mame_file.get(),ROM_GETNAME(romp),ROM_GETLENGTH(romp), util::hash_collection(ROM_GETHASHDATA(romp)));

				if (filerr == osd_file::error::NONE)
					filerr = util::core_file::open_proxy(*m_mame_file, m_file);
				if (filerr == osd_file::error::NONE)
					retVal = true;

				break; // load first item for start
			}
			romp++; /* something else; skip */
		}
	}
	if (warningcount > 0)
	{
		osd_printf_error("WARNING: the software item might not run correctly.\n");
	}
	return retVal;
}

static int audit_one_rom(const rom_entry *rom, const game_driver *gamedrv, UINT32 validation, audit_record *record)
{
	const game_driver *drv;
	const rom_entry *chunk;
	UINT32 crc = 0;
	UINT8 crcs[4];
	int has_crc;

	/* fill in the record basics */
	record->type = AUDIT_FILE_ROM;
	record->name = ROM_GETNAME(rom);
	record->exphash = ROM_GETHASHDATA(rom);

	/* compute the expected length by summing the chunks */
	for (chunk = rom_first_chunk(rom); chunk; chunk = rom_next_chunk(chunk))
		record->explength += ROM_GETLENGTH(chunk);

	/* see if we have a CRC and extract it if so */
	has_crc = hash_data_extract_binary_checksum(record->exphash, HASH_CRC, crcs);
	if (has_crc)
		crc = (crcs[0] << 24) | (crcs[1] << 16) | (crcs[2] << 8) | crcs[3];

	/* find the file and checksum it, getting the file length along the way */
	for (drv = gamedrv; drv != NULL; drv = driver_get_clone(drv))
	{
		mame_file_error filerr;
		mame_file *file;
		char *fname;

		/* open the file if we can */
		fname = assemble_3_strings(drv->name, PATH_SEPARATOR, ROM_GETNAME(rom));
	    if (has_crc)
			filerr = mame_fopen_crc(SEARCHPATH_ROM, fname, crc, OPEN_FLAG_READ, &file);
		else
			filerr = mame_fopen(SEARCHPATH_ROM, fname, OPEN_FLAG_READ, &file);
		free(fname);

		/* if we got it, extract the hash and length */
		if (filerr == FILERR_NONE)
		{
			hash_data_copy(record->hash, mame_fhash(file, validation));
			record->length = (UINT32)mame_fsize(file);
			mame_fclose(file);
			break;
		}
	}

	/* if we failed to find the file, set the appropriate status */
	if (drv == NULL)
	{
		const game_driver *parent;

		/* no good dump */
		if (hash_data_has_info(record->exphash, HASH_INFO_NO_DUMP))
			set_status(record, AUDIT_STATUS_NOT_FOUND, SUBSTATUS_NOT_FOUND_NODUMP);

		/* optional ROM */
		else if (ROM_ISOPTIONAL(rom))
			set_status(record, AUDIT_STATUS_NOT_FOUND, SUBSTATUS_NOT_FOUND_OPTIONAL);

		/* not found and used by parent */
		else if (rom_used_by_parent(gamedrv, rom, &parent))
			set_status(record, AUDIT_STATUS_NOT_FOUND, (parent->flags & NOT_A_DRIVER) ? SUBSTATUS_NOT_FOUND_BIOS : SUBSTATUS_NOT_FOUND_PARENT);

		/* just plain old not found */
		else
			set_status(record, AUDIT_STATUS_NOT_FOUND, SUBSTATUS_NOT_FOUND);
	}

	/* if we did find the file, do additional verification */
	else
	{
		/* length mismatch */
		if (record->explength != record->length)
			set_status(record, AUDIT_STATUS_FOUND_INVALID, SUBSTATUS_FOUND_WRONG_LENGTH);

		/* found but needs a dump */
		else if (hash_data_has_info(record->exphash, HASH_INFO_NO_DUMP))
			set_status(record, AUDIT_STATUS_GOOD, SUBSTATUS_FOUND_NODUMP);

		/* incorrect hash */
		else if (!hash_data_is_equal(record->exphash, record->hash, 0))
			set_status(record, AUDIT_STATUS_FOUND_INVALID, SUBSTATUS_FOUND_BAD_CHECKSUM);

		/* correct hash but needs a redump */
		else if (hash_data_has_info(record->exphash, HASH_INFO_BAD_DUMP))
			set_status(record, AUDIT_STATUS_GOOD, SUBSTATUS_GOOD_NEEDS_REDUMP);

		/* just plain old good */
		else
			set_status(record, AUDIT_STATUS_GOOD, SUBSTATUS_GOOD);
	}

	/* return TRUE if we found anything at all */
	return (drv != NULL);
}

/*-------------------------------------------------
    load_software - software image loading
-------------------------------------------------*/
bool device_image_interface::load_software(char *swlist, char *swname, rom_entry *start)
{
	astring locationtag, breakstr("%");
	const rom_entry *region;
	astring regiontag;
	bool retVal = FALSE;
	int warningcount = 0;
	for (region = start; region != NULL; region = rom_next_region(region))
	{
		/* loop until we hit the end of this region */
		const rom_entry *romp = region + 1;
		while (!ROMENTRY_ISREGIONEND(romp))
		{
			/* handle files */
			if (ROMENTRY_ISFILE(romp))
			{
				file_error filerr = FILERR_NOT_FOUND;

				UINT32 crc = 0;
				bool has_crc = hash_collection(ROM_GETHASHDATA(romp)).crc(crc);

				// attempt reading up the chain through the parents and create a locationtag astring in the format
				// " swlist % clonename % parentname "
				// below, we have the code to split the elements and to create paths to load from

				software_list *software_list_ptr = software_list_open(device().machine().options(), swlist, FALSE, NULL);
				if (software_list_ptr)
				{
					for (software_info *swinfo = software_list_find(software_list_ptr, swname, NULL); swinfo != NULL; )
					{
						{
							astring tmp(swinfo->shortname);
							locationtag.cat(tmp);
							locationtag.cat(breakstr);
							//printf("%s\n", locationtag.cstr());
						}

						const char *parentname = software_get_clone(device().machine().options(), swlist, swinfo->shortname);
						if (parentname != NULL)
							swinfo = software_list_find(software_list_ptr, parentname, NULL);
						else
							swinfo = NULL;
					}
					// strip the final '%'
					locationtag.del(locationtag.len() - 1, 1);
					software_list_close(software_list_ptr);
				}

				if (software_get_support(device().machine().options(), swlist, swname) == SOFTWARE_SUPPORTED_PARTIAL)
					mame_printf_error("WARNING: support for software %s (in list %s) is only partial\n", swname, swlist);

				if (software_get_support(device().machine().options(), swlist, swname) == SOFTWARE_SUPPORTED_NO)
					mame_printf_error("WARNING: support for software %s (in list %s) is only preliminary\n", swname, swlist);

				// check if locationtag actually contains two locations separated by '%'
				// (i.e. check if we are dealing with a clone in softwarelist)
				astring tag2, tag3, tag4(locationtag), tag5;
				int separator = tag4.chr(0, '%');
				if (separator != -1)
				{
					// we are loading a clone through softlists, split the setname from the parentname
					tag5.cpysubstr(tag4, separator + 1, tag4.len() - separator + 1);
					tag4.del(separator, tag4.len() - separator);
				}

				// prepare locations where we have to load from: list/parentname & list/clonename
				astring tag1(swlist);
				tag1.cat(PATH_SEPARATOR);
				tag2.cpy(tag1.cat(tag4));
				tag1.cpy(swlist);
				tag1.cat(PATH_SEPARATOR);
				tag3.cpy(tag1.cat(tag5));

				if (tag5.chr(0, '%') != -1)
					fatalerror("We do not support clones of clones!\n");

				// try to load from the available location(s):
				// - if we are not using lists, we have regiontag only;
				// - if we are using lists, we have: list/clonename, list/parentname, clonename, parentname
				// try to load from list/setname
				if ((m_mame_file == NULL) && (tag2.cstr() != NULL))
					filerr = common_process_file(device().machine().options(), tag2.cstr(), has_crc, crc, romp, &m_mame_file);
				// try to load from list/parentname
				if ((m_mame_file == NULL) && (tag3.cstr() != NULL))
					filerr = common_process_file(device().machine().options(), tag3.cstr(), has_crc, crc, romp, &m_mame_file);
				// try to load from setname
				if ((m_mame_file == NULL) && (tag4.cstr() != NULL))
					filerr = common_process_file(device().machine().options(), tag4.cstr(), has_crc, crc, romp, &m_mame_file);
				// try to load from parentname
				if ((m_mame_file == NULL) && (tag5.cstr() != NULL))
					filerr = common_process_file(device().machine().options(), tag5.cstr(), has_crc, crc, romp, &m_mame_file);

				warningcount += verify_length_and_hash(m_mame_file,ROM_GETNAME(romp),ROM_GETLENGTH(romp),hash_collection(ROM_GETHASHDATA(romp)));

				if (filerr == FILERR_NONE)
				{
					m_file = *m_mame_file;
//.........这里部分代码省略.........

//.........这里部分代码省略.........
									seen_before = true;
								}
							}

							if ( ! seen_before )
							{
								lists[list_idx] = core_strdup( swlist->list_name[i] );
								list_idx++;

								fprintf(out, "\t<softwarelist name=\"%s\">\n", swlist->list_name[i] );

								for ( software_info *swinfo = software_list_find( list, "*", NULL ); swinfo != NULL; swinfo = software_list_find( list, "*", swinfo ) )
								{
									fprintf( out, "\t\t<software name=\"%s\"", swinfo->shortname );
									if ( swinfo->parentname != NULL )
										fprintf( out, " cloneof=\"%s\"", swinfo->parentname );
									if ( swinfo->supported == SOFTWARE_SUPPORTED_PARTIAL )
										fprintf( out, " supported=\"partial\"" );
									if ( swinfo->supported == SOFTWARE_SUPPORTED_NO )
										fprintf( out, " supported=\"no\"" );
									fprintf( out, ">\n" );
									fprintf( out, "\t\t\t<description>%s</description>\n", xml_normalize_string(swinfo->longname) );
									fprintf( out, "\t\t\t<year>%s</year>\n", xml_normalize_string( swinfo->year ) );
									fprintf( out, "\t\t\t<publisher>%s</publisher>\n", xml_normalize_string( swinfo->publisher ) );

									for ( software_part *part = software_find_part( swinfo, NULL, NULL ); part != NULL; part = software_part_next( part ) )
									{
										fprintf( out, "\t\t\t<part name=\"%s\"", part->name );
										if ( part->interface_ )
											fprintf( out, " interface=\"%s\"", part->interface_ );
//                                          if ( part->feature )
//                                              fprintf( out, " features=\"%s\"", part->feature );
										fprintf( out, ">\n");

										/* TODO: display rom region information */
										for ( const rom_entry *region = part->romdata; region; region = rom_next_region( region ) )
										{
											fprintf( out, "\t\t\t\t<dataarea name=\"%s\" size=\"%x\">\n", ROMREGION_GETTAG(region), ROMREGION_GETLENGTH(region) );

											for ( const rom_entry *rom = rom_first_file( region ); rom && !ROMENTRY_ISREGIONEND(rom); rom++ )
											{
												if ( ROMENTRY_ISFILE(rom) )
												{
													fprintf( out, "\t\t\t\t\t<rom name=\"%s\" size=\"%d\"", xml_normalize_string(ROM_GETNAME(rom)), rom_file_size(rom) );

													/* dump checksum information only if there is a known dump */
													if (!hash_data_has_info(ROM_GETHASHDATA(rom), HASH_INFO_NO_DUMP))
													{
														char checksum[HASH_BUF_SIZE];
														int hashtype;

														/* iterate over hash function types and print out their values */
														for (hashtype = 0; hashtype < HASH_NUM_FUNCTIONS; hashtype++)
															if (hash_data_extract_printable_checksum(ROM_GETHASHDATA(rom), 1 << hashtype, checksum))
																fprintf(out, " %s=\"%s\"", hash_function_name(1 << hashtype), checksum);
													}

													fprintf( out, " offset=\"%x\"", ROM_GETOFFSET(rom) );

													if ( hash_data_has_info(ROM_GETHASHDATA(rom), HASH_INFO_BAD_DUMP) )
														fprintf( out, " status=\"baddump\"" );
													if ( hash_data_has_info(ROM_GETHASHDATA(rom), HASH_INFO_NO_DUMP) )
														fprintf( out, " status=\"nodump\"" );

													fprintf( out, "/>\n" );
												}
												else if ( ROMENTRY_ISRELOAD(rom) )
												{
													fprintf( out, "\t\t\t\t\t<rom size=\"%d\" offset=\"%x\" loadflag=\"reload\" />\n", ROM_GETLENGTH(rom), ROM_GETOFFSET(rom) );
												}
											}

											fprintf( out, "\t\t\t\t</dataarea>\n" );
										}

										fprintf( out, "\t\t\t</part>\n" );
									}

									fprintf( out, "\t\t</software>\n" );
								}

								fprintf(out, "\t</softwarelist>\n" );
							}

							software_list_close( list );
						}
					}
				}
			}

			global_free(config);
		}
	}

	fprintf( out, "</softwarelists>\n" );

	global_free( lists );

	return MAMERR_NONE;
}

static int process_rom_entries(struct rom_load_data *romdata, const struct RomModule *romp)
{
	UINT32 lastflags = 0;

	/* loop until we hit the end of this region */
	while (!ROMENTRY_ISREGIONEND(romp))
	{
		/* if this is a continue entry, it's invalid */
		if (ROMENTRY_ISCONTINUE(romp))
		{
			printf("Error in RomModule definition: ROM_CONTINUE not preceded by ROM_LOAD\n");
			goto fatalerror;
		}

		/* if this is a reload entry, it's invalid */
		if (ROMENTRY_ISRELOAD(romp))
		{
			printf("Error in RomModule definition: ROM_RELOAD not preceded by ROM_LOAD\n");
			goto fatalerror;
		}

		/* handle fills */
		if (ROMENTRY_ISFILL(romp))
		{
			if (!fill_rom_data(romdata, romp++))
				goto fatalerror;
		}

		/* handle copies */
		else if (ROMENTRY_ISCOPY(romp))
		{
			if (!copy_rom_data(romdata, romp++))
				goto fatalerror;
		}

		/* handle files */
		else if (ROMENTRY_ISFILE(romp))
		{
			if (!ROM_GETBIOSFLAGS(romp) || (ROM_GETBIOSFLAGS(romp) == (system_bios+1))) /* alternate bios sets */
			{
				const struct RomModule *baserom = romp;
				int explength = 0;

				/* open the file */
				debugload("Opening ROM file: %s\n", ROM_GETNAME(romp));
				if (!open_rom_file(romdata, romp))
					handle_missing_file(romdata, romp);

				/* loop until we run out of reloads */
				do
				{
					/* loop until we run out of continues */
					do
					{
						struct RomModule modified_romp = *romp++;
						int readresult;

						/* handle flag inheritance */
						if (!ROM_INHERITSFLAGS(&modified_romp))
							lastflags = modified_romp._flags;
						else
							modified_romp._flags = (modified_romp._flags & ~ROM_INHERITEDFLAGS) | lastflags;

						explength += ROM_GETLENGTH(&modified_romp);

						/* attempt to read using the modified entry */
						readresult = read_rom_data(romdata, &modified_romp);
						if (readresult == -1)
							goto fatalerror;
					}
					while (ROMENTRY_ISCONTINUE(romp));

					/* if this was the first use of this file, verify the length and CRC */
					if (baserom)
					{
						debugload("Verifying length (%X) and checksums\n", explength);
						verify_length_and_hash(romdata, ROM_GETNAME(baserom), explength, ROM_GETHASHDATA(baserom));
						debugload("Verify finished\n");
					}

					/* reseek to the start and clear the baserom so we don't reverify */
					if (romdata->file)
						mame_fseek(romdata->file, 0, SEEK_SET);
					baserom = NULL;
					explength = 0;
				}
				while (ROMENTRY_ISRELOAD(romp));

				/* close the file */
				if (romdata->file)
				{
					debugload("Closing ROM file\n");
					mame_fclose(romdata->file);
					romdata->file = NULL;
				}
			}
			else
			{
				romp++; /* skip over file */
			}
//.........这里部分代码省略.........

static int read_rom_data(struct rom_load_data *romdata, const struct RomModule *romp)
{
	int datashift = ROM_GETBITSHIFT(romp);
	int datamask = ((1 << ROM_GETBITWIDTH(romp)) - 1) << datashift;
	int numbytes = ROM_GETLENGTH(romp);
	int groupsize = ROM_GETGROUPSIZE(romp);
	int skip = ROM_GETSKIPCOUNT(romp);
	int reversed = ROM_ISREVERSED(romp);
	int numgroups = (numbytes + groupsize - 1) / groupsize;
	UINT8 *base = romdata->regionbase + ROM_GETOFFSET(romp);
	int i;

	debugload("Loading ROM data: offs=%X len=%X mask=%02X group=%d skip=%d reverse=%d\n", ROM_GETOFFSET(romp), numbytes, datamask, groupsize, skip, reversed);

	/* make sure the length was an even multiple of the group size */
	if (numbytes % groupsize != 0)
	{
		printf("Error in RomModule definition: %s length not an even multiple of group size\n", ROM_GETNAME(romp));
		return -1;
	}

	/* make sure we only fill within the region space */
	if (ROM_GETOFFSET(romp) + numgroups * groupsize + (numgroups - 1) * skip > romdata->regionlength)
	{
		printf("Error in RomModule definition: %s out of memory region space\n", ROM_GETNAME(romp));
		return -1;
	}

	/* make sure the length was valid */
	if (numbytes == 0)
	{
		printf("Error in RomModule definition: %s has an invalid length\n", ROM_GETNAME(romp));
		return -1;
	}

	/* special case for simple loads */
	if (datamask == 0xff && (groupsize == 1 || !reversed) && skip == 0)
		return rom_fread(romdata, base, numbytes);

	/* chunky reads for complex loads */
	skip += groupsize;
	while (numbytes)
	{
		int evengroupcount = (sizeof(romdata->tempbuf) / groupsize) * groupsize;
		int bytesleft = (numbytes > evengroupcount) ? evengroupcount : numbytes;
		UINT8 *bufptr = romdata->tempbuf;

		/* read as much as we can */
		debugload("  Reading %X bytes into buffer\n", bytesleft);
		if (rom_fread(romdata, romdata->tempbuf, bytesleft) != bytesleft)
			return 0;
		numbytes -= bytesleft;

		debugload("  Copying to %08X\n", (int)base);

		/* unmasked cases */
		if (datamask == 0xff)
		{
			/* non-grouped data */
			if (groupsize == 1)
				for (i = 0; i < bytesleft; i++, base += skip)
					*base = *bufptr++;

			/* grouped data -- non-reversed case */
			else if (!reversed)
				while (bytesleft)
				{
					for (i = 0; i < groupsize && bytesleft; i++, bytesleft--)
						base[i] = *bufptr++;
					base += skip;
				}

			/* grouped data -- reversed case */
			else
				while (bytesleft)
				{
					for (i = groupsize - 1; i >= 0 && bytesleft; i--, bytesleft--)
						base[i] = *bufptr++;
					base += skip;
				}
		}

		/* masked cases */
		else
		{
			/* non-grouped data */
			if (groupsize == 1)
				for (i = 0; i < bytesleft; i++, base += skip)
					*base = (*base & ~datamask) | ((*bufptr++ << datashift) & datamask);

			/* grouped data -- non-reversed case */
			else if (!reversed)
				while (bytesleft)
				{
					for (i = 0; i < groupsize && bytesleft; i++, bytesleft--)
						base[i] = (base[i] & ~datamask) | ((*bufptr++ << datashift) & datamask);
					base += skip;
				}

			/* grouped data -- reversed case */
//.........这里部分代码省略.........

/* Fills in an audit record for each rom in the romset. Sets 'audit' to
   point to the list of audit records. Returns total number of roms
   in the romset (same as number of audit records), 0 if romset missing. */
int audit_roms (int game, audit_record **audit)
{
	const rom_entry *region, *rom, *chunk;
	const char *name;
	const game_driver *gamedrv;
	const game_driver *clone_of;

	int count = 0;
	audit_record *aud;
	int	err;

	if (!audit_records)
	{
		audit_records = (audit_record *)malloc (AUD_MAX_ROMS * sizeof (audit_record));

		// Make sure the memory is cleared - it's needed by the hashing
		//  engine
		memset(audit_records, 0, AUD_MAX_ROMS * sizeof(audit_record));
	}

	if (audit_records)
		*audit = aud = audit_records;
	else
		return 0;

	gamedrv = drivers[game];
	clone_of = driver_get_clone(gamedrv);

	if (!gamedrv->rom) return -1;

	/* check for existence of romset */
	if (!mame_faccess (gamedrv->name, FILETYPE_ROM))
	{
		/* if the game is a clone, check for parent */
		if (clone_of == NULL || (clone_of->flags & NOT_A_DRIVER) ||
				!mame_faccess(clone_of->name,FILETYPE_ROM))
			return 0;
	}

	for (region = rom_first_region(gamedrv); region; region = rom_next_region(region))
		for (rom = rom_first_file(region); rom; rom = rom_next_file(rom))
		{
			if (ROMREGION_ISROMDATA(region))
			{
				const game_driver *drv;

				name = ROM_GETNAME(rom);
				strcpy (aud->rom, name);
				aud->explength = 0;
				aud->length = 0;
				aud->exphash = ROM_GETHASHDATA(rom);

				/* Copy into the variable we pass to the functions
                   to support load-by-checksum */
				hash_data_copy(aud->hash, aud->exphash);

				count++;

				/* obtain hash checksums and length of ROM file */
				drv = gamedrv;
				do
				{
					err = mame_fchecksum(drv->name, name, &aud->length, aud->hash);
					drv = driver_get_clone(drv);
				} while (err && drv);

				/* spin