static VALUE db_execute(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
{
	sqlite3 * db = NULL;
	void **ppDB = NULL;		
	sqlite3_stmt *statement = NULL;
	const char* sql = NULL;
	VALUE arRes = rb_ary_new();
    VALUE* colNames = NULL;
	int nRes = 0;
    char * szErrMsg = 0;
    int is_batch = 0;

	if ((argc < 2) || (argc > 3))
		rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong # of arguments(%d for 3)",argc);
	
	Data_Get_Struct(self, void *, ppDB);
	db = (sqlite3 *)rho_db_get_handle(*ppDB);
	sql = RSTRING_PTR(argv[0]);
    is_batch = argv[1] == Qtrue ? 1 : 0;

    RAWTRACE1("db_execute: %s", sql);

    if ( is_batch )
    {
        rho_db_lock(*ppDB);
        nRes = sqlite3_exec(db, sql,  NULL, NULL, &szErrMsg);
        rho_db_unlock(*ppDB);
    }
    else
    {
        rho_db_lock(*ppDB);

        nRes = rho_db_prepare_statement(*ppDB, sql, -1, &statement);
        //nRes = sqlite3_prepare_v2(db, sql, -1, &statement, NULL);
        if ( nRes != SQLITE_OK)
        {
            szErrMsg = (char *)sqlite3_errmsg(db);
            rho_db_unlock(*ppDB);

            rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "could not prepare statement: %d; Message: %s",nRes, (szErrMsg?szErrMsg:""));
        }

        if ( argc > 2 )
        {
            int i = 0;
            VALUE args = argv[2];
            if ( RARRAY_LEN(args) > 0 && TYPE(RARRAY_PTR(args)[0]) == T_ARRAY )
                args = RARRAY_PTR(args)[0];

            for( ; i < RARRAY_LEN(args); i++ )
            {
                VALUE arg = RARRAY_PTR(args)[i];
                if (NIL_P(arg))
                {
                    sqlite3_bind_null(statement, i+1);
                    continue;
                }

                switch( TYPE(arg) )
                {
                case T_STRING:
                    sqlite3_bind_text(statement, i+1, RSTRING_PTR(arg), RSTRING_LEN(arg), SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
                    break;
                case T_FLOAT:
                    sqlite3_bind_double(statement, i+1, NUM2DBL(arg));
                    break;
                case T_FIXNUM:
                case T_BIGNUM:
                    sqlite3_bind_int64(statement, i+1, NUM2LL(arg));
                    break;
                default:
					{
						VALUE strVal = rb_funcall(arg, rb_intern("to_s"), 0);	
	                    sqlite3_bind_text(statement, i+1, RSTRING_PTR(strVal), -1, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);	
					}
					break;
                }
            }
        }

	    while( (nRes=sqlite3_step(statement)) == SQLITE_ROW) {
		    int nCount = sqlite3_data_count(statement);
		    int nCol = 0;
		    VALUE hashRec = rb_hash_new();

            //if ( !colNames )
            //    colNames = getColNames(statement, nCount);

		    for(;nCol<nCount;nCol++){
			    int nColType = sqlite3_column_type(statement,nCol);
			    const char* szColName = sqlite3_column_name(statement,nCol);
			    VALUE colName = rb_str_new2(szColName);
			    VALUE colValue = Qnil;
    			
			    switch(nColType){
				    case SQLITE_NULL:
					    break;
                    case SQLITE_FLOAT:
                    {
                        double dVal = sqlite3_column_double(statement, nCol);
//.........这里部分代码省略.........

static VALUE
nstruct_add_type(VALUE type, int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE nst)
{
    VALUE ofs, size;
    ID id;
    int i;
    VALUE name=Qnil;
    size_t *shape=NULL;
    int ndim=0;
    ssize_t stride;
    narray_view_t *nt;
    int j;

    for (i=0; i<argc; i++) {
        switch(TYPE(argv[i])) {
        case T_STRING:
        case T_SYMBOL:
            if (NIL_P(name)) {
                name = argv[i];
                break;
            }
            rb_raise(rb_eArgError,"multiple name in struct definition");
        case T_ARRAY:
            if (shape) {
                rb_raise(rb_eArgError,"multiple shape in struct definition");
            }
            ndim = RARRAY_LEN(argv[i]);
            if (ndim > NA_MAX_DIMENSION) {
                rb_raise(rb_eArgError,"too large number of dimensions");
            }
            if (ndim == 0) {
                rb_raise(rb_eArgError,"array is empty");
            }
            shape = ALLOCA_N(size_t, ndim);
            na_array_to_internal_shape(Qnil, argv[i], shape);
            break;
        }
    }

    id = rb_to_id(name);
    name = ID2SYM(id);
    if (rb_obj_is_kind_of(type,cNArray)) {
        narray_t *na;
        GetNArray(type,na);
        type = CLASS_OF(type);
        ndim = na->ndim;
        shape = na->shape;
    }
    type = rb_narray_view_new(type,ndim,shape);
    GetNArrayView(type,nt);

    nt->stridx = ALLOC_N(stridx_t,ndim);
    stride = na_dtype_elmsz(CLASS_OF(type));
    for (j=ndim; j--; ) {
        SDX_SET_STRIDE(nt->stridx[j], stride);
        stride *= shape[j];
    }

    ofs  = rb_iv_get(nst, "__offset__");
    nt->offset = NUM2SIZE(ofs);

    size = rb_funcall(type, rb_intern("byte_size"), 0);
    rb_iv_set(nst, "__offset__", rb_funcall(ofs,'+',1,size));
    rb_ary_push(rb_iv_get(nst,"__members__"),
                rb_ary_new3(4,name,type,ofs,size));  // <- field definition
    return Qnil;
}

static VALUE rb_gsl_pow_int(VALUE obj, VALUE xx, VALUE nn)
{
  VALUE x, ary, argv[2];
  size_t i, j, size;
  int n;
  gsl_vector *v = NULL, *vnew = NULL;
  gsl_matrix *m = NULL, *mnew = NULL;
#ifdef HAVE_NARRAY_H
  struct NARRAY *na;
  double *ptr1, *ptr2;
#endif

  if (CLASS_OF(xx) == rb_cRange) xx = rb_gsl_range2ary(xx);
  switch (TYPE(xx)) {
  case T_FIXNUM:
  case T_BIGNUM:
  case T_FLOAT:
    return rb_float_new(gsl_pow_int(NUM2DBL(xx), FIX2INT(nn)));
    break;
  case T_ARRAY:
    CHECK_FIXNUM(nn);
    n = FIX2INT(nn);
    size = RARRAY_LEN(xx);
    ary = rb_ary_new2(size);
    for (i = 0; i < size; i++) {
      x = rb_ary_entry(xx, i);
      Need_Float(x);
      rb_ary_store(ary, i, rb_float_new(gsl_pow_int(RFLOAT_VALUE(x), n)));
    }
    return ary;
    break;
  default:
#ifdef HAVE_NARRAY_H
    if (NA_IsNArray(xx)) {
      CHECK_FIXNUM(nn);
      n = FIX2INT(nn);
      GetNArray(xx, na);
      ptr1 = (double*) na->ptr;
      size = na->total;
      ary = na_make_object(NA_DFLOAT, na->rank, na->shape, CLASS_OF(xx));
      ptr2 = NA_PTR_TYPE(ary, double*);
      for (i = 0; i < size; i++) ptr2[i] = gsl_pow_int(ptr1[i], n);
      return ary;
    }
#endif
    if (VECTOR_P(xx)) {
      CHECK_FIXNUM(nn);
      n = FIX2INT(nn);
      Data_Get_Struct(xx, gsl_vector, v);
      vnew = gsl_vector_alloc(v->size);
      for (i = 0; i < v->size; i++) {
	gsl_vector_set(vnew, i, gsl_pow_int(gsl_vector_get(v, i), n));
      }
      return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector, 0, gsl_vector_free, vnew);
    } else if (MATRIX_P(xx)) {
      CHECK_FIXNUM(nn);
      n = FIX2INT(nn);
      Data_Get_Struct(xx, gsl_matrix, m);
      mnew = gsl_matrix_alloc(m->size1, m->size2);
      for (i = 0; i < m->size1; i++) {
	for (j = 0; j < m->size2; j++) {
	  gsl_matrix_set(mnew, i, j, gsl_pow_int(gsl_matrix_get(m, i, j), n));
	}
      }
      return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_matrix, 0, gsl_matrix_free, mnew);
    } else if (COMPLEX_P(xx) || VECTOR_COMPLEX_P(xx) || MATRIX_COMPLEX_P(xx)) {
      argv[0] = xx;
      argv[1] = nn;
      return rb_gsl_complex_pow_real(2, argv, obj);
    } else {
      rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "wrong argument type %s (Array or Vector or Matrix expected)", rb_class2name(CLASS_OF(xx)));
    }
    break;
  }
  /* never reach here */
  return Qnil;
}

//.........这里部分代码省略.........
    oci8_lob_t *lob = TO_LOB(self);
    oci8_svcctx_t *svcctx = check_svcctx(lob);
    ub8 lob_length;
    ub8 read_len;
    ub8 pos = lob->pos;
    long strbufsiz;
    ub8 byte_amt;
    ub8 char_amt;
    sword rv;
    VALUE size;
    VALUE v = rb_ary_new();
    OCIError *errhp = oci8_errhp;
    ub1 piece = OCI_FIRST_PIECE;

    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "01", &size);
    lob_length = oci8_lob_get_length(lob);
    if (lob_length == 0 && NIL_P(size)) {
        return rb_usascii_str_new("", 0);
    }
    if (lob_length <= pos) /* EOF */
        return Qnil;
    if (NIL_P(size)) {
        read_len = lob_length - pos;
    } else {
        ub8 sz = NUM2ULL(size);
        read_len = MIN(sz, lob_length - pos);
    }
    if (lob->lobtype == OCI_TEMP_CLOB) {
        byte_amt = 0;
        char_amt = read_len;
        if (oci8_nls_ratio == 1) {
            strbufsiz = MIN(read_len, ULONG_MAX);
        } else {
            strbufsiz = MIN(read_len + read_len / 8, ULONG_MAX);
        }
        if (strbufsiz <= 10) {
            strbufsiz = 10;
        }
    } else {
        byte_amt = read_len;
        char_amt = 0;
        strbufsiz = MIN(read_len, ULONG_MAX);
    }
    if (lob->state == S_BFILE_CLOSE) {
        open_bfile(svcctx, lob, errhp);
    }
    do {
        VALUE strbuf = rb_str_buf_new(strbufsiz);
        char *buf = RSTRING_PTR(strbuf);

        rv = OCILobRead2_nb(svcctx, svcctx->base.hp.svc, errhp, lob->base.hp.lob, &byte_amt, &char_amt, pos + 1, buf, strbufsiz, piece, NULL, NULL, 0, lob->csfrm);
        svcctx->suppress_free_temp_lobs = 0;
        switch (rv) {
        case OCI_SUCCESS:
            break;
        case OCI_NEED_DATA:
            /* prevent OCILobFreeTemporary() from being called.
             * See: https://github.com/kubo/ruby-oci8/issues/20
             */
            svcctx->suppress_free_temp_lobs = 1;
            piece = OCI_NEXT_PIECE;
            break;
        default:
            chker2(rv, &svcctx->base);
        }
        if (byte_amt == 0)
            break;
        if (lob->lobtype == OCI_TEMP_CLOB) {
            pos += char_amt;
        } else {
            pos += byte_amt;
        }
        rb_str_set_len(strbuf, byte_amt);
        rb_ary_push(v, strbuf);
    } while (rv == OCI_NEED_DATA);

    if (pos >= lob_length) {
        lob_close(lob);
        bfile_close(lob);
    }
    lob->pos = pos;
    switch (RARRAY_LEN(v)) {
    case 0:
        return Qnil;
    case 1:
        v = RARRAY_AREF(v, 0);
        break;
    default:
        v = rb_ary_join(v, Qnil);
    }
    OBJ_TAINT(v);
    if (lob->lobtype == OCI_TEMP_CLOB) {
        /* set encoding */
        rb_enc_associate(v, oci8_encoding);
        return rb_str_conv_enc(v, oci8_encoding, rb_default_internal_encoding());
    } else {
        /* ASCII-8BIT */
        return v;
    }
}

static VALUE mc_get(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self) {
  memcached_st *mc;
  VALUE cas, keys, results, key, result;
  VALUE scalar_key = Qnil;
  memcached_return status;

  Data_Get_Struct(self, memcached_st, mc);
  rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "11", &keys, &cas);
  memcached_behavior_set(mc, MEMCACHED_BEHAVIOR_SUPPORT_CAS, RTEST(cas) ? 1 : 0);

  if (RTEST(cas) && TYPE(keys) != T_ARRAY) {
    scalar_key = keys;
    keys = rb_ary_new4(1, &keys);
  }

  if (TYPE(keys) != T_ARRAY) {
    char*    str;
    size_t   len;
    uint32_t flags;

    key = use_binary(mc) ? keys : escape_key(keys, NULL);
    str = memcached_get(mc, RSTRING_PTR(key), RSTRING_LEN(key), &len, &flags, &status);
    if (str == NULL) return Qnil;

    if (status == MEMCACHED_SUCCESS) {
      result = rb_hash_new();
      rb_hash_aset(result, sym_value, rb_str_new(str, len));
      rb_hash_aset(result, sym_flags, INT2NUM(flags));
      free(str);
      return result;
    } else {
      printf("Memcache read error: %s %u\n", memcached_strerror(mc, status), status);
      return Qnil;
    }
  } else {
    memcached_result_st* mc_result;
    size_t       num_keys, i;
    const char** key_strings;
    size_t*      key_lengths;
    bool         escaped;

    results = rb_hash_new();
    num_keys = RARRAY_LEN(keys);
    if (num_keys == 0) return results;

    key_strings = (const char**) malloc(num_keys * sizeof(char *));
    key_lengths = (size_t *) malloc(num_keys * sizeof(size_t));
    for (i = 0; i < RARRAY_LEN(keys); i++) {
      key = RARRAY_PTR(keys)[i];
      if (!use_binary(mc)) key = escape_key(key, &escaped);

      key_lengths[i] = RSTRING_LEN(key);
      key_strings[i] = RSTRING_PTR(key);
    }

    memcached_mget(mc, key_strings, key_lengths, num_keys);

    while ((mc_result = memcached_fetch_result(mc, NULL, &status))) {
      if (escaped) {
        key = unescape_key(memcached_result_key_value(mc_result), memcached_result_key_length(mc_result));
      } else {
        key = rb_str_new(memcached_result_key_value(mc_result), memcached_result_key_length(mc_result));
      }

      if (status == MEMCACHED_SUCCESS) {
        result = rb_hash_new();
        rb_hash_aset(result, sym_value, rb_str_new(memcached_result_value(mc_result),
                                                   memcached_result_length(mc_result)));
        rb_hash_aset(result, sym_flags, INT2NUM(memcached_result_flags(mc_result)));
        if (RTEST(cas)) rb_hash_aset(result, sym_cas, ULL2NUM(memcached_result_cas(mc_result)));
        memcached_result_free(mc_result);
        rb_hash_aset(results, key, result);
      } else {
        printf("Memcache read error: %s %u\n", memcached_strerror(mc, status), status);
      }
    }
    free(key_strings);
    free(key_lengths);
    if (!NIL_P(scalar_key)) return rb_hash_aref(results, scalar_key);
    return results;
  }
}

static VALUE
fntype_initialize(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE self)
{
    FunctionType *fnInfo;
    ffi_status status;
    VALUE rbReturnType = Qnil, rbParamTypes = Qnil, rbOptions = Qnil;
    VALUE rbEnums = Qnil, rbConvention = Qnil, rbBlocking = Qnil;
#if defined(_WIN32) || defined(__WIN32__)
    VALUE rbConventionStr;
#endif
    int i, nargs;

    nargs = rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "21", &rbReturnType, &rbParamTypes, &rbOptions);
    if (nargs >= 3 && rbOptions != Qnil) {
        rbConvention = rb_hash_aref(rbOptions, ID2SYM(rb_intern("convention")));
        rbEnums = rb_hash_aref(rbOptions, ID2SYM(rb_intern("enums")));
        rbBlocking = rb_hash_aref(rbOptions, ID2SYM(rb_intern("blocking")));
    }

    Check_Type(rbParamTypes, T_ARRAY);

    Data_Get_Struct(self, FunctionType, fnInfo);
    fnInfo->parameterCount = (int) RARRAY_LEN(rbParamTypes);
    fnInfo->parameterTypes = xcalloc(fnInfo->parameterCount, sizeof(*fnInfo->parameterTypes));
    fnInfo->ffiParameterTypes = xcalloc(fnInfo->parameterCount, sizeof(ffi_type *));
    fnInfo->nativeParameterTypes = xcalloc(fnInfo->parameterCount, sizeof(*fnInfo->nativeParameterTypes));
    fnInfo->rbParameterTypes = rb_ary_new2(fnInfo->parameterCount);
    fnInfo->rbEnums = rbEnums;
    fnInfo->blocking = RTEST(rbBlocking);
    fnInfo->hasStruct = false;

    for (i = 0; i < fnInfo->parameterCount; ++i) {
        VALUE entry = rb_ary_entry(rbParamTypes, i);
        VALUE type = rbffi_Type_Lookup(entry);

        if (!RTEST(type)) {
            VALUE typeName = rb_funcall2(entry, rb_intern("inspect"), 0, NULL);
            rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "Invalid parameter type (%s)", RSTRING_PTR(typeName));
        }

        if (rb_obj_is_kind_of(type, rbffi_FunctionTypeClass)) {
            REALLOC_N(fnInfo->callbackParameters, VALUE, fnInfo->callbackCount + 1);
            fnInfo->callbackParameters[fnInfo->callbackCount++] = type;
        }

        if (rb_obj_is_kind_of(type, rbffi_StructByValueClass)) {
            fnInfo->hasStruct = true;
        }

        rb_ary_push(fnInfo->rbParameterTypes, type);
        Data_Get_Struct(type, Type, fnInfo->parameterTypes[i]);
        fnInfo->ffiParameterTypes[i] = fnInfo->parameterTypes[i]->ffiType;
        fnInfo->nativeParameterTypes[i] = fnInfo->parameterTypes[i]->nativeType;
    }

    fnInfo->rbReturnType = rbffi_Type_Lookup(rbReturnType);
    if (!RTEST(fnInfo->rbReturnType)) {
        VALUE typeName = rb_funcall2(rbReturnType, rb_intern("inspect"), 0, NULL);
        rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "Invalid return type (%s)", RSTRING_PTR(typeName));
    }
    
    if (rb_obj_is_kind_of(fnInfo->rbReturnType, rbffi_StructByValueClass)) {
        fnInfo->hasStruct = true;
    }

    Data_Get_Struct(fnInfo->rbReturnType, Type, fnInfo->returnType);
    fnInfo->ffiReturnType = fnInfo->returnType->ffiType;


#if defined(_WIN32) || defined(__WIN32__)
    rbConventionStr = (rbConvention != Qnil) ? rb_funcall2(rbConvention, rb_intern("to_s"), 0, NULL) : Qnil;
    fnInfo->abi = (rbConventionStr != Qnil && strcmp(StringValueCStr(rbConventionStr), "stdcall") == 0)
            ? FFI_STDCALL : FFI_DEFAULT_ABI;
#else
    fnInfo->abi = FFI_DEFAULT_ABI;
#endif

    status = ffi_prep_cif(&fnInfo->ffi_cif, fnInfo->abi, fnInfo->parameterCount,
            fnInfo->ffiReturnType, fnInfo->ffiParameterTypes);
    switch (status) {
        case FFI_BAD_ABI:
            rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "Invalid ABI specified");
        case FFI_BAD_TYPEDEF:
            rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "Invalid argument type specified");
        case FFI_OK:
            break;
        default:
            rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "Unknown FFI error");
    }

    fnInfo->invoke = rbffi_GetInvoker(fnInfo);

    return self;
}

VALUE
rb_struct_initialize(VALUE self, VALUE values)
{
    return rb_struct_initialize_m(RARRAY_LEN(values), RARRAY_PTR(values), self);
}

//.........这里部分代码省略.........
    case T_FLOAT:
        {
            double d = NUM2DBL(value);
            write_name_and_type(buffer, key, 0x01);
            SAFE_WRITE(buffer, (char*)&d, 8);
            break;
        }
    case T_NIL:
        {
            write_name_and_type(buffer, key, 0x0A);
            break;
        }
    case T_HASH:
        {
            write_name_and_type(buffer, key, 0x03);
            write_doc(buffer, value, check_keys, Qfalse);
            break;
        }
    case T_ARRAY:
        {
            buffer_position length_location, start_position, obj_length;
            int items, i;
            VALUE* values;

            write_name_and_type(buffer, key, 0x04);
            start_position = buffer_get_position(buffer);

            // save space for length
            length_location = buffer_save_space(buffer, 4);
            if (length_location == -1) {
                rb_raise(rb_eNoMemError, "failed to allocate memory in buffer.c");
            }

            items = RARRAY_LEN(value);
            values = RARRAY_PTR(value);
            for(i = 0; i < items; i++) {
                char* name;
                VALUE key;
                INT2STRING(&name, i);
                key = rb_str_new2(name);
                write_element_with_id(key, values[i], pack_extra(buffer, check_keys));
                free(name);
            }

            // write null byte and fill in length
            SAFE_WRITE(buffer, &zero, 1);
            obj_length = buffer_get_position(buffer) - start_position;
            SAFE_WRITE_AT_POS(buffer, length_location, (const char*)&obj_length, 4);
            break;
        }
    case T_STRING:
        {
            if (strcmp(rb_obj_classname(value),
                  "BSON::Code") == 0) {
                buffer_position length_location, start_position, total_length;
                int length;
                write_name_and_type(buffer, key, 0x0F);

                start_position = buffer_get_position(buffer);
                length_location = buffer_save_space(buffer, 4);
                if (length_location == -1) {
                    rb_raise(rb_eNoMemError, "failed to allocate memory in buffer.c");
                }

                length = RSTRING_LEN(value) + 1;
                SAFE_WRITE(buffer, (char*)&length, 4);

static void write_doc(buffer_t buffer, VALUE hash, VALUE check_keys, VALUE move_id) {
    buffer_position start_position = buffer_get_position(buffer);
    buffer_position length_location = buffer_save_space(buffer, 4);
    buffer_position length;
    int allow_id;
    int (*write_function)(VALUE, VALUE, VALUE) = NULL;
    VALUE id_str = rb_str_new2("_id");
    VALUE id_sym = ID2SYM(rb_intern("_id"));

    if (length_location == -1) {
        rb_raise(rb_eNoMemError, "failed to allocate memory in buffer.c");
    }

    // write '_id' first if move_id is true. then don't allow an id to be written.
    if(move_id == Qtrue) {
        allow_id = 0;
        if (rb_funcall(hash, rb_intern("has_key?"), 1, id_str) == Qtrue) {
            VALUE id = rb_hash_aref(hash, id_str);
            write_element_with_id(id_str, id, pack_extra(buffer, check_keys));
        } else if (rb_funcall(hash, rb_intern("has_key?"), 1, id_sym) == Qtrue) {
            VALUE id = rb_hash_aref(hash, id_sym);
            write_element_with_id(id_sym, id, pack_extra(buffer, check_keys));
        }
    }
    else {
        allow_id = 1;
        // Ensure that hash doesn't contain both '_id' and :_id
        if ((rb_obj_classname(hash), "Hash") == 0) {
            if ((rb_funcall(hash, rb_intern("has_key?"), 1, id_str) == Qtrue) &&
                   (rb_funcall(hash, rb_intern("has_key?"), 1, id_sym) == Qtrue)) {
                      VALUE oid_sym = rb_hash_delete(hash, id_sym);
                      rb_funcall(hash, rb_intern("[]="), 2, id_str, oid_sym);
            }
        }
    }

    if(allow_id == 1) {
        write_function = write_element_with_id;
    }
    else {
        write_function = write_element_without_id;
    }

    // we have to check for an OrderedHash and handle that specially
    if (strcmp(rb_obj_classname(hash), "BSON::OrderedHash") == 0) {
        VALUE keys = rb_funcall(hash, rb_intern("keys"), 0);
        int i;
                for(i = 0; i < RARRAY_LEN(keys); i++) {
            VALUE key = RARRAY_PTR(keys)[i];
            VALUE value = rb_hash_aref(hash, key);

            write_function(key, value, pack_extra(buffer, check_keys));
        }
    } else if (rb_obj_is_kind_of(hash, RB_HASH) == Qtrue) {
        rb_hash_foreach(hash, write_function, pack_extra(buffer, check_keys));
    } else {
        buffer_free(buffer);
        char* cls = rb_obj_classname(hash);
        rb_raise(InvalidDocument, "BSON.serialize takes a Hash but got a %s", cls);
    }

    // write null byte and fill in length
    SAFE_WRITE(buffer, &zero, 1);
    length = buffer_get_position(buffer) - start_position;

    // make sure that length doesn't exceed 4MB
    if (length > 4 * 1024 * 1024) {
      buffer_free(buffer);
      rb_raise(InvalidDocument, "Document too large: BSON documents are limited to 4MB.");
      return;
    }
    SAFE_WRITE_AT_POS(buffer, length_location, (const char*)&length, 4);
}

static VALUE
reduce0(VALUE val, VALUE data, VALUE self)
{
    struct cparse_params *v;
    VALUE reduce_to, reduce_len, method_id;
    long len;
    ID mid;
    VALUE tmp, tmp_t = Qundef, tmp_v = Qundef;
    long i, k1, k2;
    VALUE goto_state;

    Data_Get_Struct(data, struct cparse_params, v);
    reduce_len = RARRAY_PTR(v->reduce_table)[v->ruleno];
    reduce_to  = RARRAY_PTR(v->reduce_table)[v->ruleno+1];
    method_id  = RARRAY_PTR(v->reduce_table)[v->ruleno+2];
    len = NUM2LONG(reduce_len);
    mid = value_to_id(method_id);

    /* call action */
    if (len == 0) {
        tmp = Qnil;
        if (mid != id_noreduce)
            tmp_v = rb_ary_new();
        if (v->debug)
            tmp_t = rb_ary_new();
    }
    else {
        if (mid != id_noreduce) {
            tmp_v = GET_TAIL(v->vstack, len);
            tmp = RARRAY_PTR(tmp_v)[0];
        }
        else {
            tmp = RARRAY_PTR(v->vstack)[ RARRAY_LEN(v->vstack) - len ];
        }
        CUT_TAIL(v->vstack, len);
        if (v->debug) {
            tmp_t = GET_TAIL(v->tstack, len);
            CUT_TAIL(v->tstack, len);
        }
        CUT_TAIL(v->state, len);
    }
    if (mid != id_noreduce) {
        if (v->use_result_var) {
            tmp = rb_funcall(v->parser, mid,
                             3, tmp_v, v->vstack, tmp);
        }
        else {
            tmp = rb_funcall(v->parser, mid,
                             2, tmp_v, v->vstack);
        }
    }

    /* then push result */
    PUSH(v->vstack, tmp);
    if (v->debug) {
        PUSH(v->tstack, reduce_to);
        rb_funcall(v->parser, id_d_reduce,
                   4, tmp_t, reduce_to, v->tstack, v->vstack);
    }

    /* calculate transition state */
    if (RARRAY_LEN(v->state) == 0)
        rb_raise(RaccBug, "state stack unexpectedly empty");
    k2 = num_to_long(LAST_I(v->state));
    k1 = num_to_long(reduce_to) - v->nt_base;
    D_printf("(goto) k1=%ld\n", k1);
    D_printf("(goto) k2=%ld\n", k2);

    tmp = AREF(v->goto_pointer, k1);
    if (NIL_P(tmp)) goto notfound;

    i = NUM2LONG(tmp) + k2;
    D_printf("(goto) i=%ld\n", i);
    if (i < 0) goto notfound;

    goto_state = AREF(v->goto_table, i);
    if (NIL_P(goto_state)) {
        D_puts("(goto) table[i] == nil");
        goto notfound;
    }
    D_printf("(goto) table[i]=%ld (goto_state)\n", NUM2LONG(goto_state));

    tmp = AREF(v->goto_check, i);
    if (NIL_P(tmp)) {
        D_puts("(goto) check[i] == nil");
        goto notfound;
    }
    if (tmp != LONG2NUM(k1)) {
        D_puts("(goto) check[i] != table[i]");
        goto notfound;
    }
    D_printf("(goto) check[i]=%ld\n", NUM2LONG(tmp));

    D_puts("(goto) found");
  transit:
    PUSH(v->state, goto_state);
    v->curstate = NUM2LONG(goto_state);
    return INT2FIX(0);

  notfound:
//.........这里部分代码省略.........

static VALUE rb_mysql_result_each_(VALUE self,
                                   VALUE(*fetch_row_func)(VALUE, MYSQL_FIELD *fields, const result_each_args *args),
                                   const result_each_args *args)
{
  unsigned long i;
  const char *errstr;
  MYSQL_FIELD *fields = NULL;

  GET_RESULT(self);

  if (wrapper->is_streaming) {
    /* When streaming, we will only yield rows, not return them. */
    if (wrapper->rows == Qnil) {
      wrapper->rows = rb_ary_new();
    }

    if (!wrapper->streamingComplete) {
      VALUE row;

      fields = mysql_fetch_fields(wrapper->result);

      do {
        row = fetch_row_func(self, fields, args);
        if (row != Qnil) {
          wrapper->numberOfRows++;
          if (args->block_given != Qnil) {
            rb_yield(row);
          }
        }
      } while(row != Qnil);

      rb_mysql_result_free_result(wrapper);
      wrapper->streamingComplete = 1;

      // Check for errors, the connection might have gone out from under us
      // mysql_error returns an empty string if there is no error
      errstr = mysql_error(wrapper->client_wrapper->client);
      if (errstr[0]) {
        rb_raise(cMysql2Error, "%s", errstr);
      }
    } else {
      rb_raise(cMysql2Error, "You have already fetched all the rows for this query and streaming is true. (to reiterate you must requery).");
    }
  } else {
    if (args->cacheRows && wrapper->lastRowProcessed == wrapper->numberOfRows) {
      /* we've already read the entire dataset from the C result into our */
      /* internal array. Lets hand that over to the user since it's ready to go */
      for (i = 0; i < wrapper->numberOfRows; i++) {
        rb_yield(rb_ary_entry(wrapper->rows, i));
      }
    } else {
      unsigned long rowsProcessed = 0;
      rowsProcessed = RARRAY_LEN(wrapper->rows);
      fields = mysql_fetch_fields(wrapper->result);

      for (i = 0; i < wrapper->numberOfRows; i++) {
        VALUE row;
        if (args->cacheRows && i < rowsProcessed) {
          row = rb_ary_entry(wrapper->rows, i);
        } else {
          row = fetch_row_func(self, fields, args);
          if (args->cacheRows) {
            rb_ary_store(wrapper->rows, i, row);
          }
          wrapper->lastRowProcessed++;
        }

        if (row == Qnil) {
          /* we don't need the mysql C dataset around anymore, peace it */
          if (args->cacheRows) {
            rb_mysql_result_free_result(wrapper);
          }
          return Qnil;
        }

        if (args->block_given != Qnil) {
          rb_yield(row);
        }
      }
      if (wrapper->lastRowProcessed == wrapper->numberOfRows && args->cacheRows) {
        /* we don't need the mysql C dataset around anymore, peace it */
        rb_mysql_result_free_result(wrapper);
      }
    }
  }

  // FIXME return Enumerator instead?
  // return rb_ary_each(wrapper->rows);
  return wrapper->rows;
}

//.........这里部分代码省略.........
        }
    }
    /* not reach */


  accept:
    if (v->debug) rb_funcall(v->parser, id_d_accept, 0);
    v->retval = RARRAY_PTR(v->vstack)[0];
    v->fin = CP_FIN_ACCEPT;
    return;


  error:
    D_printf("error detected, status=%ld\n", v->errstatus);
    if (v->errstatus == 0) {
        v->nerr++;
        rb_funcall(v->parser, id_onerror,
                   3, v->t, val, v->vstack);
    }
  user_yyerror:
    if (v->errstatus == 3) {
        if (v->t == vFINAL_TOKEN) {
            v->retval = Qfalse;
            v->fin = CP_FIN_EOT;
            return;
        }
        read_next = 1;
    }
    v->errstatus = 3;
    rb_ivar_set(v->parser, id_errstatus, LONG2NUM(v->errstatus));

    /* check if we can shift/reduce error token */
    D_printf("(err) k1=%ld\n", v->curstate);
    D_printf("(err) k2=%d (error)\n", ERROR_TOKEN);
    while (1) {
        tmp = AREF(v->action_pointer, v->curstate);
        if (NIL_P(tmp)) goto error_pop;
        D_puts("(err) pointer[k1] ok");

        i = NUM2LONG(tmp) + ERROR_TOKEN;
        D_printf("(err) i=%ld\n", i);
        if (i < 0) goto error_pop;

        act_value = AREF(v->action_table, i);
        if (NIL_P(act_value)) {
            D_puts("(err) table[i] == nil");
            goto error_pop;
        }
        act = NUM2LONG(act_value);
        D_printf("(err) table[i]=%ld\n", act);

        tmp = AREF(v->action_check, i);
        if (NIL_P(tmp)) {
            D_puts("(err) check[i] == nil");
            goto error_pop;
        }
        if (NUM2LONG(tmp) != v->curstate) {
            D_puts("(err) check[i] != k1");
            goto error_pop;
        }

        D_puts("(err) found: can handle error token");
        break;
          
      error_pop:
        D_puts("(err) act not found: can't handle error token; pop");

        if (RARRAY_LEN(v->state) <= 1) {
            v->retval = Qnil;
            v->fin = CP_FIN_CANTPOP;
            return;
        }
        POP(v->state);
        POP(v->vstack);
        v->curstate = num_to_long(LAST_I(v->state));
        if (v->debug) {
            POP(v->tstack);
            rb_funcall(v->parser, id_d_e_pop,
                       3, v->state, v->tstack, v->vstack);
        }
    }

    /* shift/reduce error token */
    if (act > 0 && act < v->shift_n) {
        D_puts("e shift");
        SHIFT(v, act, ERROR_TOKEN, val);
    }
    else if (act < 0 && act > -(v->reduce_n)) {
        D_puts("e reduce");
        REDUCE(v, act);
    }
    else if (act == v->shift_n) {
        D_puts("e accept");
        goto accept;
    }
    else {
        rb_raise(RaccBug, "[Racc Bug] unknown act value %ld", act);
    }
    goto error_recovered;
}

/* grpc_run_batch_stack_fill_ops fills the run_batch_stack ops array from
 * ops_hash */
static void grpc_run_batch_stack_fill_ops(run_batch_stack *st, VALUE ops_hash) {
  VALUE this_op = Qnil;
  VALUE this_value = Qnil;
  VALUE ops_ary = rb_ary_new();
  size_t i = 0;

  /* Create a ruby array with just the operation keys */
  rb_hash_foreach(ops_hash, grpc_rb_call_check_op_keys_hash_cb, ops_ary);

  /* Fill the ops array */
  for (i = 0; i < (size_t)RARRAY_LEN(ops_ary); i++) {
    this_op = rb_ary_entry(ops_ary, i);
    this_value = rb_hash_aref(ops_hash, this_op);
    st->ops[st->op_num].flags = 0;
    switch (NUM2INT(this_op)) {
      case GRPC_OP_SEND_INITIAL_METADATA:
        /* N.B. later there is no need to explicitly delete the metadata keys
         * and values, they are references to data in ruby objects. */
        grpc_rb_md_ary_convert(this_value, &st->send_metadata);
        st->ops[st->op_num].data.send_initial_metadata.count =
            st->send_metadata.count;
        st->ops[st->op_num].data.send_initial_metadata.metadata =
            st->send_metadata.metadata;
        break;
      case GRPC_OP_SEND_MESSAGE:
        st->ops[st->op_num].data.send_message = grpc_rb_s_to_byte_buffer(
            RSTRING_PTR(this_value), RSTRING_LEN(this_value));
        st->ops[st->op_num].flags = st->write_flag;
        break;
      case GRPC_OP_SEND_CLOSE_FROM_CLIENT:
        break;
      case GRPC_OP_SEND_STATUS_FROM_SERVER:
        /* N.B. later there is no need to explicitly delete the metadata keys
         * and values, they are references to data in ruby objects. */
        grpc_rb_op_update_status_from_server(
            &st->ops[st->op_num], &st->send_trailing_metadata, this_value);
        break;
      case GRPC_OP_RECV_INITIAL_METADATA:
        st->ops[st->op_num].data.recv_initial_metadata = &st->recv_metadata;
        break;
      case GRPC_OP_RECV_MESSAGE:
        st->ops[st->op_num].data.recv_message = &st->recv_message;
        break;
      case GRPC_OP_RECV_STATUS_ON_CLIENT:
        st->ops[st->op_num].data.recv_status_on_client.trailing_metadata =
            &st->recv_trailing_metadata;
        st->ops[st->op_num].data.recv_status_on_client.status =
            &st->recv_status;
        st->ops[st->op_num].data.recv_status_on_client.status_details =
            &st->recv_status_details;
        st->ops[st->op_num].data.recv_status_on_client.status_details_capacity =
            &st->recv_status_details_capacity;
        break;
      case GRPC_OP_RECV_CLOSE_ON_SERVER:
        st->ops[st->op_num].data.recv_close_on_server.cancelled =
            &st->recv_cancelled;
        break;
      default:
        grpc_run_batch_stack_cleanup(st);
        rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "invalid operation : bad value %d",
                 NUM2INT(this_op));
    };
    st->ops[st->op_num].op = (grpc_op_type)NUM2INT(this_op);
    st->ops[st->op_num].reserved = NULL;
    st->op_num++;
  }
}

/* grpc_rb_md_ary_fill_hash_cb is the hash iteration callback used
   to fill grpc_metadata_array.

   it's capacity should have been computed via a prior call to
   grpc_rb_md_ary_fill_hash_cb
*/
static int grpc_rb_md_ary_fill_hash_cb(VALUE key, VALUE val, VALUE md_ary_obj) {
  grpc_metadata_array *md_ary = NULL;
  long array_length;
  long i;
  char *key_str;
  size_t key_len;
  char *value_str;
  size_t value_len;

  if (TYPE(key) == T_SYMBOL) {
    key_str = (char *)rb_id2name(SYM2ID(key));
    key_len = strlen(key_str);
  } else { /* StringValueCStr does all other type exclusions for us */
    key_str = StringValueCStr(key);
    key_len = RSTRING_LEN(key);
  }

  if (!grpc_header_key_is_legal(key_str, key_len)) {
    rb_raise(rb_eArgError,
             "'%s' is an invalid header key, must match [a-z0-9-_.]+",
             key_str);
    return ST_STOP;
  }

  /* Construct a metadata object from key and value and add it */
  TypedData_Get_Struct(md_ary_obj, grpc_metadata_array,
                       &grpc_rb_md_ary_data_type, md_ary);

  if (TYPE(val) == T_ARRAY) {
    array_length = RARRAY_LEN(val);
    /* If the value is an array, add capacity for each value in the array */
    for (i = 0; i < array_length; i++) {
      value_str = RSTRING_PTR(rb_ary_entry(val, i));
      value_len = RSTRING_LEN(rb_ary_entry(val, i));
      if (!grpc_is_binary_header(key_str, key_len) &&
          !grpc_header_nonbin_value_is_legal(value_str, value_len)) {
        // The value has invalid characters
        rb_raise(rb_eArgError,
                 "Header value '%s' has invalid characters", value_str);
        return ST_STOP;
      }
      md_ary->metadata[md_ary->count].key = key_str;
      md_ary->metadata[md_ary->count].value = value_str;
      md_ary->metadata[md_ary->count].value_length = value_len;
      md_ary->count += 1;
    }
  } else if (TYPE(val) == T_STRING) {
    value_str = RSTRING_PTR(val);
    value_len = RSTRING_LEN(val);
    if (!grpc_is_binary_header(key_str, key_len) &&
        !grpc_header_nonbin_value_is_legal(value_str, value_len)) {
      // The value has invalid characters
      rb_raise(rb_eArgError,
               "Header value '%s' has invalid characters", value_str);
      return ST_STOP;
    }
    md_ary->metadata[md_ary->count].key = key_str;
    md_ary->metadata[md_ary->count].value = value_str;
    md_ary->metadata[md_ary->count].value_length = value_len;
    md_ary->count += 1;
  } else {
    rb_raise(rb_eArgError,
               "Header values must be of type string or array");
    return ST_STOP;
  }

  return ST_CONTINUE;
}

/* call-seq: emitter.start_document(version, tags, implicit)
 *
 * Start a document emission with YAML +version+, +tags+, and an +implicit+
 * start.
 *
 * See Psych::Handler#start_document
 */
static VALUE start_document(VALUE self, VALUE version, VALUE tags, VALUE imp)
{
    yaml_emitter_t * emitter;
    yaml_tag_directive_t * head = NULL;
    yaml_tag_directive_t * tail = NULL;
    yaml_event_t event;
    yaml_version_directive_t version_directive;
    Data_Get_Struct(self, yaml_emitter_t, emitter);


    Check_Type(version, T_ARRAY);

    if(RARRAY_LEN(version) > 0) {
        VALUE major = rb_ary_entry(version, (long)0);
        VALUE minor = rb_ary_entry(version, (long)1);

        version_directive.major = NUM2INT(major);
        version_directive.minor = NUM2INT(minor);
    }

    if(RTEST(tags)) {
        int i = 0;
#ifdef HAVE_RUBY_ENCODING_H
        rb_encoding * encoding = rb_utf8_encoding();
#endif

        Check_Type(tags, T_ARRAY);

        head  = xcalloc((size_t)RARRAY_LEN(tags), sizeof(yaml_tag_directive_t));
        tail  = head;

        for(i = 0; i < RARRAY_LEN(tags); i++) {
            VALUE tuple = rb_ary_entry(tags, i);
            VALUE name;
            VALUE value;

            Check_Type(tuple, T_ARRAY);

            if(RARRAY_LEN(tuple) < 2) {
                xfree(head);
                rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "tag tuple must be of length 2");
            }
            name  = rb_ary_entry(tuple, 0);
            value = rb_ary_entry(tuple, 1);
#ifdef HAVE_RUBY_ENCODING_H
            name = rb_str_export_to_enc(name, encoding);
            value = rb_str_export_to_enc(value, encoding);
#endif

            tail->handle = (yaml_char_t *)StringValuePtr(name);
            tail->prefix = (yaml_char_t *)StringValuePtr(value);

            tail++;
        }
    }

    yaml_document_start_event_initialize(
        &event,
        (RARRAY_LEN(version) > 0) ? &version_directive : NULL,
        head,
        tail,
        imp ? 1 : 0
    );

    emit(emitter, &event);

    if(head) xfree(head);

    return self;
}

inline static VALUE mArray_json_transfrom(VALUE self, VALUE Vstate, VALUE Vdepth) {
    long i, len = RARRAY_LEN(self);
    VALUE shift, result;
    long depth = NIL_P(Vdepth) ? 0 : FIX2LONG(Vdepth);
    VALUE delim = rb_str_new2(",");
    GET_STATE(Vstate);

    check_max_nesting(state, depth);
    if (state->check_circular) {
        VALUE self_id = rb_obj_id(self);
        rb_hash_aset(state->seen, self_id, Qtrue);
        result = rb_str_buf_new(len);
        if (RSTRING_LEN(state->array_nl)) rb_str_append(delim, state->array_nl);
        shift = rb_str_times(state->indent, LONG2FIX(depth + 1));

        rb_str_buf_cat2(result, "[");
        OBJ_INFECT(result, self);
        rb_str_buf_append(result, state->array_nl);
        for (i = 0;  i < len; i++) {
            VALUE element = RARRAY_PTR(self)[i];
            if (RTEST(rb_hash_aref(state->seen, rb_obj_id(element)))) {
                rb_raise(eCircularDatastructure,
                        "circular data structures not supported!");
            }
            OBJ_INFECT(result, element);
            if (i > 0) rb_str_buf_append(result, delim);
            rb_str_buf_append(result, shift);
            element = rb_funcall(element, i_to_json, 2, Vstate, LONG2FIX(depth + 1));
            Check_Type(element, T_STRING);
            rb_str_buf_append(result, element);
        }
        if (RSTRING_LEN(state->array_nl)) {
            rb_str_buf_append(result, state->array_nl);
            rb_str_buf_append(result, rb_str_times(state->indent, LONG2FIX(depth)));
        }
        rb_str_buf_cat2(result, "]");
        rb_hash_delete(state->seen, self_id);
    } else {
        result = rb_str_buf_new(len);
        OBJ_INFECT(result, self);
        if (RSTRING_LEN(state->array_nl)) rb_str_append(delim, state->array_nl);
        shift = rb_str_times(state->indent, LONG2FIX(depth + 1));

        rb_str_buf_cat2(result, "[");
        rb_str_buf_append(result, state->array_nl)