static PyObject *
zipimport_zipimporter_get_data_impl(ZipImporter *self, PyObject *path)
/*[clinic end generated code: output=65dc506aaa268436 input=fa6428b74843c4ae]*/
{
    PyObject *key;
    PyObject *toc_entry;
    Py_ssize_t path_start, path_len, len;

    if (self->archive == NULL) {
        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
                        "zipimporter.__init__() wasn't called");
        return NULL;
    }

#ifdef ALTSEP
    path = _PyObject_CallMethodId((PyObject *)&PyUnicode_Type, &PyId_replace,
                                  "OCC", path, ALTSEP, SEP);
    if (!path)
        return NULL;
#else
    Py_INCREF(path);
#endif
    if (PyUnicode_READY(path) == -1)
        goto error;

    path_len = PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(path);

    len = PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(self->archive);
    path_start = 0;
    if (PyUnicode_Tailmatch(path, self->archive, 0, len, -1)
        && PyUnicode_READ_CHAR(path, len) == SEP) {
        path_start = len + 1;
    }

    key = PyUnicode_Substring(path, path_start, path_len);
    if (key == NULL)
        goto error;
    toc_entry = PyDict_GetItem(self->files, key);
    if (toc_entry == NULL) {
        PyErr_SetFromErrnoWithFilenameObject(PyExc_OSError, key);
        Py_DECREF(key);
        goto error;
    }
    Py_DECREF(key);
    Py_DECREF(path);
    return get_data(self->archive, toc_entry);
  error:
    Py_DECREF(path);
    return NULL;
}

static PyObject *
zipimporter_get_data(PyObject *obj, PyObject *args)
{
    ZipImporter *self = (ZipImporter *)obj;
    PyObject *path, *key;
#ifdef ALTSEP
    _Py_IDENTIFIER(replace);
#endif
    PyObject *toc_entry;
    Py_ssize_t path_start, path_len, len;

    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "U:zipimporter.get_data", &path))
        return NULL;

#ifdef ALTSEP
    path = _PyObject_CallMethodId(path, &PyId_replace, "CC", ALTSEP, SEP);
    if (!path)
        return NULL;
#else
    Py_INCREF(path);
#endif
    if (PyUnicode_READY(path) == -1)
        goto error;

    path_len = PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(path);

    len = PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(self->archive);
    path_start = 0;
    if (PyUnicode_Tailmatch(path, self->archive, 0, len, -1)
        && PyUnicode_READ_CHAR(path, len) == SEP) {
        path_start = len + 1;
    }

    key = PyUnicode_Substring(path, path_start, path_len);
    if (key == NULL)
        goto error;
    toc_entry = PyDict_GetItem(self->files, key);
    if (toc_entry == NULL) {
        PyErr_SetFromErrnoWithFilenameObject(PyExc_IOError, key);
        Py_DECREF(key);
        goto error;
    }
    Py_DECREF(key);
    Py_DECREF(path);
    return get_data(self->archive, toc_entry);
  error:
    Py_DECREF(path);
    return NULL;
}

static int
asciistr_getbuffer(PyObject *exporter, Py_buffer *view, int flags)
{

    return (PyBuffer_FillInfo(view, exporter, PyUnicode_DATA(exporter),
        PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(exporter), 1, flags));
}

// Convert a Python Unicode object to a QString.
QString qpycore_PyObject_AsQString(PyObject *obj)
{
#if defined(PYQT_PEP_393)
    SIP_SSIZE_T len = PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(obj);

    switch (PyUnicode_KIND(obj))
    {
    case PyUnicode_1BYTE_KIND:
        return QString::fromLatin1((char *)PyUnicode_1BYTE_DATA(obj), len);

    case PyUnicode_2BYTE_KIND:
        // The (QChar *) cast should be safe.
        return QString((QChar *)PyUnicode_2BYTE_DATA(obj), len);

    case PyUnicode_4BYTE_KIND:
        return QString::fromUcs4(PyUnicode_4BYTE_DATA(obj), len);
    }

    return QString();
#elif defined(Py_UNICODE_WIDE)
    return QString::fromUcs4((const uint *)PyUnicode_AS_UNICODE(obj),
            PyUnicode_GET_SIZE(obj));
#else
    return QString::fromUtf16((const ushort *)PyUnicode_AS_UNICODE(obj),
            PyUnicode_GET_SIZE(obj));
#endif
}

static PyObject *
Reader_iternext(ReaderObj *self)
{
    PyObject *fields = NULL;
    Py_UCS4 c;
    Py_ssize_t pos, linelen;
    unsigned int kind;
    void *data;
    PyObject *lineobj;

    if (parse_reset(self) < 0)
        return NULL;
    do {
        lineobj = PyIter_Next(self->input_iter);
        if (lineobj == NULL) {
            /* End of input OR exception */
            if (!PyErr_Occurred() && self->field_len != 0)
                PyErr_Format(error_obj,
                             "newline inside string");
            return NULL;
        }
        if (!PyUnicode_Check(lineobj)) {
            PyErr_Format(error_obj,
                         "iterator should return strings, "
                         "not %.200s "
                         "(did you open the file in text mode?)",
                         lineobj->ob_type->tp_name
                );
            Py_DECREF(lineobj);
            return NULL;
        }
        ++self->line_num;
        kind = PyUnicode_KIND(lineobj);
        data = PyUnicode_DATA(lineobj);
        pos = 0;
        linelen = PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(lineobj);
        while (linelen--) {
            c = PyUnicode_READ(kind, data, pos);
            if (c == '\0') {
                Py_DECREF(lineobj);
                PyErr_Format(error_obj,
                             "line contains NULL byte");
                goto err;
            }
            if (parse_process_char(self, c) < 0) {
                Py_DECREF(lineobj);
                goto err;
            }
            pos++;
        }
        Py_DECREF(lineobj);
        if (parse_process_char(self, 0) < 0)
            goto err;
    } while (self->state != START_RECORD);

    fields = self->fields;
    self->fields = NULL;
err:
    return fields;
}

static int
join_append(WriterObj *self, PyObject *field, int *quoted, int quote_empty)
{
    unsigned int field_kind = -1;
    void *field_data = NULL;
    Py_ssize_t field_len = 0;
    Py_ssize_t rec_len;

    if (field != NULL) {
        field_kind = PyUnicode_KIND(field);
        field_data = PyUnicode_DATA(field);
        field_len = PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(field);
    }
    rec_len = join_append_data(self, field_kind, field_data, field_len,
                               quote_empty, quoted, 0);
    if (rec_len < 0)
        return 0;

    /* grow record buffer if necessary */
    if (!join_check_rec_size(self, rec_len))
        return 0;

    self->rec_len = join_append_data(self, field_kind, field_data, field_len,
                                     quote_empty, quoted, 1);
    self->num_fields++;

    return 1;
}

// Convert a Python Unicode object to a QString.
QString qpycore_PyObject_AsQString(PyObject *obj)
{
#if defined(PYQT_PEP_393)
    SIP_SSIZE_T len = PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(obj);

    switch (PyUnicode_KIND(obj))
    {
    case PyUnicode_1BYTE_KIND:
        return QString::fromLatin1((char *)PyUnicode_1BYTE_DATA(obj), len);

    case PyUnicode_2BYTE_KIND:
        // The (QChar *) cast should be safe.
        return QString((QChar *)PyUnicode_2BYTE_DATA(obj), len);

    case PyUnicode_4BYTE_KIND:
#if QT_VERSION >= 0x040200
        return QString::fromUcs4(PyUnicode_4BYTE_DATA(obj), len);
#else
        // Note that this code doesn't handle code points greater than 0xffff
        // very well.

        QString qstr;

        Py_UCS4 *ucode = PyUnicode_4BYTE_DATA(obj);

        for (SIP_SSIZE_T i = 0; i < len; ++i)
            qstr.append((uint)ucode[i]);

        return qstr;
#endif
    }

    return QString();
#elif defined(Py_UNICODE_WIDE)
#if QT_VERSION >= 0x040200
    return QString::fromUcs4((const uint *)PyUnicode_AS_UNICODE(obj),
            PyUnicode_GET_SIZE(obj));
#else
    // Note that this code doesn't handle code points greater than 0xffff very
    // well.

    QString qstr;

    Py_UNICODE *ucode = PyUnicode_AS_UNICODE(obj);
    SIP_SSIZE_T len = PyUnicode_GET_SIZE(obj);

    for (SIP_SSIZE_T i = 0; i < len; ++i)
        qstr.append((uint)ucode[i]);

    return qstr;
#endif
#else
    return QString::fromUtf16((const ushort *)PyUnicode_AS_UNICODE(obj),
            PyUnicode_GET_SIZE(obj));
#endif
}

static PyObject *
complex__format__(PyObject* self, PyObject* args)
{
    PyObject *format_spec;

    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "U:__format__", &format_spec))
    return NULL;
    return _PyComplex_FormatAdvanced(self, format_spec, 0,
                                     PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(format_spec));
}

static int
_str_shared(PyObject *obj, _PyCrossInterpreterData *data)
{
    struct _shared_str_data *shared = PyMem_NEW(struct _shared_str_data, 1);
    shared->kind = PyUnicode_KIND(obj);
    shared->buffer = PyUnicode_DATA(obj);
    shared->len = PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(obj) - 1;
    data->data = (void *)shared;
    data->obj = obj;  // Will be "released" (decref'ed) when data released.
    data->new_object = _new_str_object;
    data->free = PyMem_Free;
    return 0;
}

static PyObject *
syslog_get_argv(void)
{
    /* Figure out what to use for as the program "ident" for openlog().
     * This swallows exceptions and continues rather than failing out,
     * because the syslog module can still be used because openlog(3)
     * is optional.
     */

    Py_ssize_t argv_len, scriptlen;
    PyObject *scriptobj;
    Py_ssize_t slash;
    PyObject *argv = PySys_GetObject("argv");

    if (argv == NULL) {
        return(NULL);
    }

    argv_len = PyList_Size(argv);
    if (argv_len == -1) {
        PyErr_Clear();
        return(NULL);
    }
    if (argv_len == 0) {
        return(NULL);
    }

    scriptobj = PyList_GetItem(argv, 0);
    if (!PyUnicode_Check(scriptobj)) {
        return(NULL);
    }
    scriptlen = PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(scriptobj);
    if (scriptlen == 0) {
        return(NULL);
    }

    slash = PyUnicode_FindChar(scriptobj, SEP, 0, scriptlen, -1);
    if (slash == -2)
        return NULL;
    if (slash != -1) {
        return PyUnicode_Substring(scriptobj, slash, scriptlen);
    } else {
        Py_INCREF(scriptobj);
        return(scriptobj);
    }

    return(NULL);
}

/* all_name_chars(s): true iff s matches [a-zA-Z0-9_]* */
static int
all_name_chars(PyObject *o)
{
    const unsigned char *s, *e;

    if (!PyUnicode_IS_ASCII(o))
        return 0;

    s = PyUnicode_1BYTE_DATA(o);
    e = s + PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(o);
    for (; s != e; s++) {
        if (!Py_ISALNUM(*s) && *s != '_')
            return 0;
    }
    return 1;
}

static NUMBA_INLINE Py_UCS4 __Numba_PyObject_AsPy_UCS4(PyObject* x) {
   long ival;
   if (PyUnicode_Check(x)) {
       Py_ssize_t length;
       #if CYTHON_PEP393_ENABLED
       length = PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(x);
       if (likely(length == 1)) {
           return PyUnicode_READ_CHAR(x, 0);
       }
       #else
       length = PyUnicode_GET_SIZE(x);
       if (likely(length == 1)) {
           return PyUnicode_AS_UNICODE(x)[0];
       }
       #if Py_UNICODE_SIZE == 2
       else if (PyUnicode_GET_SIZE(x) == 2) {
           Py_UCS4 high_val = PyUnicode_AS_UNICODE(x)[0];
           if (high_val >= 0xD800 && high_val <= 0xDBFF) {
               Py_UCS4 low_val = PyUnicode_AS_UNICODE(x)[1];
               if (low_val >= 0xDC00 && low_val <= 0xDFFF) {
                   return 0x10000 + (((high_val & ((1<<10)-1)) << 10) | (low_val & ((1<<10)-1)));
               }
           }
       }
       #endif
       #endif
       PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError,
                    "only single character unicode strings can be converted to Py_UCS4, "
                    "got length %" CYTHON_FORMAT_SSIZE_T "d", length);
       return (Py_UCS4)-1;
   }
   ival = __Numba_PyInt_AsLong(x);
   if (unlikely(ival < 0)) {
       if (!PyErr_Occurred())
           PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
                           "cannot convert negative value to Py_UCS4");
       return (Py_UCS4)-1;
   } else if (unlikely(ival > 1114111)) {
       PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
                       "value too large to convert to Py_UCS4");
       return (Py_UCS4)-1;
   }
   return (Py_UCS4)ival;
}

static PyObject *
complex__format__(PyObject* self, PyObject* args)
{
    PyObject *format_spec;
    _PyUnicodeWriter writer;
    int ret;

    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "U:__format__", &format_spec))
        return NULL;

    _PyUnicodeWriter_Init(&writer);
    ret = _PyComplex_FormatAdvancedWriter(
        &writer,
        self,
        format_spec, 0, PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(format_spec));
    if (ret == -1) {
        _PyUnicodeWriter_Dealloc(&writer);
        return NULL;
    }
    return _PyUnicodeWriter_Finish(&writer);
}

static int
join_append_lineterminator(WriterObj *self)
{
    Py_ssize_t terminator_len, i;
    unsigned int term_kind;
    void *term_data;

    terminator_len = PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(self->dialect->lineterminator);
    if (terminator_len == -1)
        return 0;

    /* grow record buffer if necessary */
    if (!join_check_rec_size(self, self->rec_len + terminator_len))
        return 0;

    term_kind = PyUnicode_KIND(self->dialect->lineterminator);
    term_data = PyUnicode_DATA(self->dialect->lineterminator);
    for (i = 0; i < terminator_len; i++)
        self->rec[self->rec_len + i] = PyUnicode_READ(term_kind, term_data, i);
    self->rec_len += terminator_len;

    return 1;
}

Py_ssize_t
PyUnicode_INDEX(const char *text, Py_ssize_t index)
{
	PyObject *u;
	Py_ssize_t i;

	/* Prevent excessive micro allocations */
	char buffer[256];
	size_t buffer_size = Py_ARRAY_LENGTH(buffer);

	char *s = buffer;
	size_t l;

	/* Short-circuit */
	if (index == 0)
		return 0;

	l = strlen(text);
	if (index > l)
		index = l;
	if (index >= buffer_size) {
		s = PyMem_RawMalloc(index+1);
		if (s == NULL)
			return -1;
	}
	strncpy(s, text, index);
	s[index] = '\0';
	u = PyUnicode_DECODE(s);
	if (s != buffer)
		PyMem_RawFree(s);
	if (u == NULL)
		return -1;
	i = PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(u);
	Py_DECREF(u);
	return i;
}

static PyObject *
namespace_repr(PyObject *ns)
{
    int i, loop_error = 0;
    PyObject *pairs = NULL, *d = NULL, *keys = NULL, *keys_iter = NULL;
    PyObject *key;
    PyObject *separator, *pairsrepr, *repr = NULL;
    const char * name;

    name = (Py_TYPE(ns) == &_PyNamespace_Type) ? "namespace"
                                               : ns->ob_type->tp_name;

    i = Py_ReprEnter(ns);
    if (i != 0) {
        return i > 0 ? PyUnicode_FromFormat("%s(...)", name) : NULL;
    }

    pairs = PyList_New(0);
    if (pairs == NULL)
        goto error;

    d = ((_PyNamespaceObject *)ns)->ns_dict;
    assert(d != NULL);
    Py_INCREF(d);

    keys = PyDict_Keys(d);
    if (keys == NULL)
        goto error;
    if (PyList_Sort(keys) != 0)
        goto error;

    keys_iter = PyObject_GetIter(keys);
    if (keys_iter == NULL)
        goto error;

    while ((key = PyIter_Next(keys_iter)) != NULL) {
        if (PyUnicode_Check(key) && PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(key) > 0) {
            PyObject *value, *item;

            value = PyDict_GetItem(d, key);
            assert(value != NULL);

            item = PyUnicode_FromFormat("%S=%R", key, value);
            if (item == NULL) {
                loop_error = 1;
            }
            else {
                loop_error = PyList_Append(pairs, item);
                Py_DECREF(item);
            }
        }

        Py_DECREF(key);
        if (loop_error)
            goto error;
    }

    separator = PyUnicode_FromString(", ");
    if (separator == NULL)
        goto error;

    pairsrepr = PyUnicode_Join(separator, pairs);
    Py_DECREF(separator);
    if (pairsrepr == NULL)
        goto error;

    repr = PyUnicode_FromFormat("%s(%S)", name, pairsrepr);
    Py_DECREF(pairsrepr);

error:
    Py_XDECREF(pairs);
    Py_XDECREF(d);
    Py_XDECREF(keys);
    Py_XDECREF(keys_iter);
    Py_ReprLeave(ns);

    return repr;
}

/* Returns 0 on error (no new refs), 1 on success */
static int
setup_context(Py_ssize_t stack_level, PyObject **filename, int *lineno,
              PyObject **module, PyObject **registry)
{
    PyObject *globals;

    /* Setup globals and lineno. */
    PyFrameObject *f = PyThreadState_GET()->frame;
    // Stack level comparisons to Python code is off by one as there is no
    // warnings-related stack level to avoid.
    if (stack_level <= 0 || is_internal_frame(f)) {
        while (--stack_level > 0 && f != NULL) {
            f = f->f_back;
        }
    }
    else {
        while (--stack_level > 0 && f != NULL) {
            f = next_external_frame(f);
        }
    }

    if (f == NULL) {
        globals = PyThreadState_Get()->interp->sysdict;
        *lineno = 1;
    }
    else {
        globals = f->f_globals;
        *lineno = PyFrame_GetLineNumber(f);
    }

    *module = NULL;

    /* Setup registry. */
    assert(globals != NULL);
    assert(PyDict_Check(globals));
    *registry = PyDict_GetItemString(globals, "__warningregistry__");
    if (*registry == NULL) {
        int rc;

        *registry = PyDict_New();
        if (*registry == NULL)
            return 0;

         rc = PyDict_SetItemString(globals, "__warningregistry__", *registry);
         if (rc < 0)
            goto handle_error;
    }
    else
        Py_INCREF(*registry);

    /* Setup module. */
    *module = PyDict_GetItemString(globals, "__name__");
    if (*module == NULL) {
        *module = PyUnicode_FromString("<string>");
        if (*module == NULL)
            goto handle_error;
    }
    else
        Py_INCREF(*module);

    /* Setup filename. */
    *filename = PyDict_GetItemString(globals, "__file__");
    if (*filename != NULL && PyUnicode_Check(*filename)) {
        Py_ssize_t len;
        int kind;
        void *data;

        if (PyUnicode_READY(*filename))
            goto handle_error;

        len = PyUnicode_GetLength(*filename);
        kind = PyUnicode_KIND(*filename);
        data = PyUnicode_DATA(*filename);

#define ascii_lower(c) ((c <= 127) ? Py_TOLOWER(c) : 0)
        /* if filename.lower().endswith(".pyc"): */
        if (len >= 4 &&
            PyUnicode_READ(kind, data, len-4) == '.' &&
            ascii_lower(PyUnicode_READ(kind, data, len-3)) == 'p' &&
            ascii_lower(PyUnicode_READ(kind, data, len-2)) == 'y' &&
            ascii_lower(PyUnicode_READ(kind, data, len-1)) == 'c')
        {
            *filename = PyUnicode_Substring(*filename, 0,
                                            PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(*filename)-1);
            if (*filename == NULL)
                goto handle_error;
        }
        else
            Py_INCREF(*filename);
    }
    else {
        *filename = NULL;
        if (*module != Py_None && PyUnicode_CompareWithASCIIString(*module, "__main__") == 0) {
            PyObject *argv = _PySys_GetObjectId(&PyId_argv);
            /* PyList_Check() is needed because sys.argv is set to None during
               Python finalization */
            if (argv != NULL && PyList_Check(argv) && PyList_Size(argv) > 0) {
                int is_true;
                *filename = PyList_GetItem(argv, 0);
//.........这里部分代码省略.........

static void
show_warning(PyObject *filename, int lineno, PyObject *text,
             PyObject *category, PyObject *sourceline)
{
    PyObject *f_stderr;
    PyObject *name;
    char lineno_str[128];
    _Py_IDENTIFIER(__name__);

    PyOS_snprintf(lineno_str, sizeof(lineno_str), ":%d: ", lineno);

    name = _PyObject_GetAttrId(category, &PyId___name__);
    if (name == NULL)  /* XXX Can an object lack a '__name__' attribute? */
        goto error;

    f_stderr = _PySys_GetObjectId(&PyId_stderr);
    if (f_stderr == NULL) {
        fprintf(stderr, "lost sys.stderr\n");
        goto error;
    }

    /* Print "filename:lineno: category: text\n" */
    if (PyFile_WriteObject(filename, f_stderr, Py_PRINT_RAW) < 0)
        goto error;
    if (PyFile_WriteString(lineno_str, f_stderr) < 0)
        goto error;
    if (PyFile_WriteObject(name, f_stderr, Py_PRINT_RAW) < 0)
        goto error;
    if (PyFile_WriteString(": ", f_stderr) < 0)
        goto error;
    if (PyFile_WriteObject(text, f_stderr, Py_PRINT_RAW) < 0)
        goto error;
    if (PyFile_WriteString("\n", f_stderr) < 0)
        goto error;
    Py_CLEAR(name);

    /* Print "  source_line\n" */
    if (sourceline) {
        int kind;
        void *data;
        Py_ssize_t i, len;
        Py_UCS4 ch;
        PyObject *truncated;

        if (PyUnicode_READY(sourceline) < 1)
            goto error;

        kind = PyUnicode_KIND(sourceline);
        data = PyUnicode_DATA(sourceline);
        len = PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(sourceline);
        for (i=0; i<len; i++) {
            ch = PyUnicode_READ(kind, data, i);
            if (ch != ' ' && ch != '\t' && ch != '\014')
                break;
        }

        truncated = PyUnicode_Substring(sourceline, i, len);
        if (truncated == NULL)
            goto error;

        PyFile_WriteObject(sourceline, f_stderr, Py_PRINT_RAW);
        Py_DECREF(truncated);
        PyFile_WriteString("\n", f_stderr);
    }
    else {
        _Py_DisplaySourceLine(f_stderr, filename, lineno, 2);
    }

error:
    Py_XDECREF(name);
    PyErr_Clear();
}

//.........这里部分代码省略.........
           these are characters that don't get formatted, only copied
           into the output string. We do this for 'c' formatting,
           because the characters are likely to be non-digits. */
        n_remainder = 1;
    }
    else {
        int base;
        int leading_chars_to_skip = 0;  /* Number of characters added by
                                           PyNumber_ToBase that we want to
                                           skip over. */

        /* Compute the base and how many characters will be added by
           PyNumber_ToBase */
        switch (format->type) {
        case 'b':
            base = 2;
            leading_chars_to_skip = 2; /* 0b */
            break;
        case 'o':
            base = 8;
            leading_chars_to_skip = 2; /* 0o */
            break;
        case 'x':
        case 'X':
            base = 16;
            leading_chars_to_skip = 2; /* 0x */
            break;
        default:  /* shouldn't be needed, but stops a compiler warning */
        case 'd':
        case 'n':
            base = 10;
            break;
        }

        if (format->sign != '+' && format->sign != ' '
            && format->width == -1
            && format->type != 'X' && format->type != 'n'
            && !format->thousands_separators
            && PyLong_CheckExact(value))
        {
            /* Fast path */
            return _PyLong_FormatWriter(writer, value, base, format->alternate);
        }

        /* The number of prefix chars is the same as the leading
           chars to skip */
        if (format->alternate)
            n_prefix = leading_chars_to_skip;

        /* Do the hard part, converting to a string in a given base */
        tmp = _PyLong_Format(value, base);
        if (tmp == NULL || PyUnicode_READY(tmp) == -1)
            goto done;

        inumeric_chars = 0;
        n_digits = PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(tmp);

        prefix = inumeric_chars;

        /* Is a sign character present in the output?  If so, remember it
           and skip it */
        if (PyUnicode_READ_CHAR(tmp, inumeric_chars) == '-') {
            sign_char = '-';
            ++prefix;
            ++leading_chars_to_skip;
        }

        /* Skip over the leading chars (0x, 0b, etc.) */
        n_digits -= leading_chars_to_skip;
        inumeric_chars += leading_chars_to_skip;
    }

    /* Determine the grouping, separator, and decimal point, if any. */
    if (get_locale_info(format->type == 'n' ? LT_CURRENT_LOCALE :
                        (format->thousands_separators ?
                         LT_DEFAULT_LOCALE :
                         LT_NO_LOCALE),
                        &locale) == -1)
        goto done;

    /* Calculate how much memory we'll need. */
    n_total = calc_number_widths(&spec, n_prefix, sign_char, tmp, inumeric_chars,
                                 inumeric_chars + n_digits, n_remainder, 0,
                                 &locale, format, &maxchar);

    /* Allocate the memory. */
    if (_PyUnicodeWriter_Prepare(writer, n_total, maxchar) == -1)
        goto done;

    /* Populate the memory. */
    result = fill_number(writer, &spec,
                         tmp, inumeric_chars, inumeric_chars + n_digits,
                         tmp, prefix, format->fill_char,
                         &locale, format->type == 'X');

done:
    Py_XDECREF(tmp);
    free_locale_info(&locale);
    return result;
}

static int
format_string_internal(PyObject *value, const InternalFormatSpec *format,
                       _PyUnicodeWriter *writer)
{
    Py_ssize_t lpad;
    Py_ssize_t rpad;
    Py_ssize_t total;
    Py_ssize_t len;
    int result = -1;
    Py_UCS4 maxchar;

    assert(PyUnicode_IS_READY(value));
    len = PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(value);

    /* sign is not allowed on strings */
    if (format->sign != '\0') {
        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
                        "Sign not allowed in string format specifier");
        goto done;
    }

    /* alternate is not allowed on strings */
    if (format->alternate) {
        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
                        "Alternate form (#) not allowed in string format "
                        "specifier");
        goto done;
    }

    /* '=' alignment not allowed on strings */
    if (format->align == '=') {
        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
                        "'=' alignment not allowed "
                        "in string format specifier");
        goto done;
    }

    if ((format->width == -1 || format->width <= len)
        && (format->precision == -1 || format->precision >= len)) {
        /* Fast path */
        return _PyUnicodeWriter_WriteStr(writer, value);
    }

    /* if precision is specified, output no more that format.precision
       characters */
    if (format->precision >= 0 && len >= format->precision) {
        len = format->precision;
    }

    calc_padding(len, format->width, format->align, &lpad, &rpad, &total);

    maxchar = writer->maxchar;
    if (lpad != 0 || rpad != 0)
        maxchar = Py_MAX(maxchar, format->fill_char);
    if (PyUnicode_MAX_CHAR_VALUE(value) > maxchar) {
        Py_UCS4 valmaxchar = _PyUnicode_FindMaxChar(value, 0, len);
        maxchar = Py_MAX(maxchar, valmaxchar);
    }

    /* allocate the resulting string */
    if (_PyUnicodeWriter_Prepare(writer, total, maxchar) == -1)
        goto done;

    /* Write into that space. First the padding. */
    result = fill_padding(writer, len, format->fill_char, lpad, rpad);
    if (result == -1)
        goto done;

    /* Then the source string. */
    if (len) {
        _PyUnicode_FastCopyCharacters(writer->buffer, writer->pos,
                                      value, 0, len);
    }
    writer->pos += (len + rpad);
    result = 0;

done:
    return result;
}