/* used by __split_huge_page_refcount() */
void lru_add_page_tail(struct zone* zone,
		       struct page *page, struct page *page_tail)
{
	int active;
	enum lru_list lru;
	const int file = 0;
	struct list_head *head;

	VM_BUG_ON(!PageHead(page));
	VM_BUG_ON(PageCompound(page_tail));
	VM_BUG_ON(PageLRU(page_tail));
	VM_BUG_ON(NR_CPUS != 1 && !spin_is_locked(&zone->lru_lock));

	SetPageLRU(page_tail);

	if (page_evictable(page_tail, NULL)) {
		if (PageActive(page)) {
			SetPageActive(page_tail);
			active = 1;
			lru = LRU_ACTIVE_ANON;
		} else {
			active = 0;
			lru = LRU_INACTIVE_ANON;
		}
		update_page_reclaim_stat(zone, page_tail, file, active);
		if (likely(PageLRU(page)))
			head = page->lru.prev;
		else
			head = &zone->lru[lru].list;
		__add_page_to_lru_list(zone, page_tail, lru, head);
	} else {
		SetPageUnevictable(page_tail);
		add_page_to_lru_list(zone, page_tail, LRU_UNEVICTABLE);
	}
}

void __put_page(struct page *page)
{
	if (unlikely(PageCompound(page)))
		__put_compound_page(page);
	else
		__put_single_page(page);
}

void __dump_page(struct page *page, const char *reason)
{
	struct address_space *mapping = page_mapping(page);
	bool page_poisoned = PagePoisoned(page);
	int mapcount;

	/*
	 * If struct page is poisoned don't access Page*() functions as that
	 * leads to recursive loop. Page*() check for poisoned pages, and calls
	 * dump_page() when detected.
	 */
	if (page_poisoned) {
		pr_warn("page:%px is uninitialized and poisoned", page);
		goto hex_only;
	}

	/*
	 * Avoid VM_BUG_ON() in page_mapcount().
	 * page->_mapcount space in struct page is used by sl[aou]b pages to
	 * encode own info.
	 */
	mapcount = PageSlab(page) ? 0 : page_mapcount(page);

	pr_warn("page:%px count:%d mapcount:%d mapping:%px index:%#lx",
		  page, page_ref_count(page), mapcount,
		  page->mapping, page_to_pgoff(page));
	if (PageCompound(page))
		pr_cont(" compound_mapcount: %d", compound_mapcount(page));
	pr_cont("\n");
	if (PageAnon(page))
		pr_warn("anon ");
	else if (PageKsm(page))
		pr_warn("ksm ");
	else if (mapping) {
		pr_warn("%ps ", mapping->a_ops);
		if (mapping->host->i_dentry.first) {
			struct dentry *dentry;
			dentry = container_of(mapping->host->i_dentry.first, struct dentry, d_u.d_alias);
			pr_warn("name:\"%pd\" ", dentry);
		}
	}
	BUILD_BUG_ON(ARRAY_SIZE(pageflag_names) != __NR_PAGEFLAGS + 1);

	pr_warn("flags: %#lx(%pGp)\n", page->flags, &page->flags);

hex_only:
	print_hex_dump(KERN_WARNING, "raw: ", DUMP_PREFIX_NONE, 32,
			sizeof(unsigned long), page,
			sizeof(struct page), false);

	if (reason)
		pr_warn("page dumped because: %s\n", reason);

#ifdef CONFIG_MEMCG
	if (!page_poisoned && page->mem_cgroup)
		pr_warn("page->mem_cgroup:%px\n", page->mem_cgroup);
#endif
}

static void __lru_cache_add(struct page *page)
{
	struct pagevec *pvec = &get_cpu_var(lru_add_pvec);

	get_page(page);
	if (!pagevec_add(pvec, page) || PageCompound(page))
		__pagevec_lru_add(pvec);
	put_cpu_var(lru_add_pvec);
}

/**
 * release_pages:释放pages页框数组(只有count = 0时,才正真的被回收)
 */
void release_pages(struct page **pages, int nr, int cold)
{
	int i;
	struct pagevec pages_to_free;
	struct zone *zone = NULL;
	unsigned long uninitialized_var(flags);

	pagevec_init(&pages_to_free, cold);
	for (i = 0; i < nr; i++) {
		struct page *page = pages[i];

		if (unlikely(PageCompound(page))) {
			if (zone) {
				spin_unlock_irqrestore(&zone->lru_lock, flags);
				zone = NULL;
			}
			put_compound_page(page);
			continue;
		}

		/*减少page的引用次数*/
		if (!put_page_testzero(page))
			continue;

		/*page的引用次数为0,则page从zone LRU链表中删除*/
		if (PageLRU(page)) {
			struct zone *pagezone = page_zone(page);

			if (pagezone != zone) {
				if (zone)
					spin_unlock_irqrestore(&zone->lru_lock,
									flags);
				zone = pagezone;
				spin_lock_irqsave(&zone->lru_lock, flags);
			}
			VM_BUG_ON(!PageLRU(page));
			/*清空页的LRU属性*/
			__ClearPageLRU(page);
			del_page_from_lru(zone, page);
		}

		/*page加入到pages_to_free页缓存中*/
		if (!pagevec_add(&pages_to_free, page)) {
			if (zone) {
				spin_unlock_irqrestore(&zone->lru_lock, flags);
				zone = NULL;
			}
			__pagevec_free(&pages_to_free);
			pagevec_reinit(&pages_to_free);
  		}
	}
	if (zone)
		spin_unlock_irqrestore(&zone->lru_lock, flags);

	pagevec_free(&pages_to_free);
}

/*
 * Batched page_cache_release().  Decrement the reference count on all the
 * passed pages.  If it fell to zero then remove the page from the LRU and
 * free it.
 *
 * Avoid taking zone->lru_lock if possible, but if it is taken, retain it
 * for the remainder of the operation.
 *
 * The locking in this function is against shrink_inactive_list(): we recheck
 * the page count inside the lock to see whether shrink_inactive_list()
 * grabbed the page via the LRU.  If it did, give up: shrink_inactive_list()
 * will free it.
 */
void release_pages(struct page **pages, int nr, int cold)
{
	int i;
	struct pagevec pages_to_free;
	struct zone *zone = NULL;
	unsigned long uninitialized_var(flags);

	pagevec_init(&pages_to_free, cold);
	for (i = 0; i < nr; i++) {
		struct page *page = pages[i];

		if (unlikely(PageCompound(page))) {
			if (zone) {
				spin_unlock_irqrestore(&zone->lru_lock, flags);
				zone = NULL;
			}
			put_compound_page(page);
			continue;
		}

		if (!put_page_testzero(page))
			continue;

		if (PageLRU(page)) {
			struct zone *pagezone = page_zone(page);

			if (pagezone != zone) {
				if (zone)
					spin_unlock_irqrestore(&zone->lru_lock,
									flags);
				zone = pagezone;
				spin_lock_irqsave(&zone->lru_lock, flags);
			}
			VM_BUG_ON(!PageLRU(page));
			__ClearPageLRU(page);
			del_page_from_lru(zone, page);
		} else if (PageIONBacked(page)) {
			ClearPageActive(page);
			ClearPageUnevictable(page);
		}

		if (!pagevec_add(&pages_to_free, page)) {
			if (zone) {
				spin_unlock_irqrestore(&zone->lru_lock, flags);
				zone = NULL;
			}
			__pagevec_free(&pages_to_free);
			pagevec_reinit(&pages_to_free);
  		}
	}
	if (zone)
		spin_unlock_irqrestore(&zone->lru_lock, flags);

	pagevec_free(&pages_to_free);
}

/**
 * deactivate_page - deactivate a page
 * @page: page to deactivate
 *
 * deactivate_page() moves @page to the inactive list if @page was on the active
 * list and was not an unevictable page.  This is done to accelerate the reclaim
 * of @page.
 */
void deactivate_page(struct page *page)
{
	if (PageLRU(page) && PageActive(page) && !PageUnevictable(page)) {
		struct pagevec *pvec = &get_cpu_var(lru_deactivate_pvecs);

		get_page(page);
		if (!pagevec_add(pvec, page) || PageCompound(page))
			pagevec_lru_move_fn(pvec, lru_deactivate_fn, NULL);
		put_cpu_var(lru_deactivate_pvecs);
	}
}

/* used by __split_huge_page_refcount() */
void lru_add_page_tail(struct page *page, struct page *page_tail,
		       struct lruvec *lruvec, struct list_head *list)
{
	int uninitialized_var(active);
	enum lru_list lru;
	const int file = 0;

	VM_BUG_ON(!PageHead(page));
	VM_BUG_ON(PageCompound(page_tail));
	VM_BUG_ON(PageLRU(page_tail));
	VM_BUG_ON(NR_CPUS != 1 &&
		  !spin_is_locked(&lruvec_zone(lruvec)->lru_lock));

	if (!list)
		SetPageLRU(page_tail);

	if (page_evictable(page_tail)) {
		if (PageActive(page)) {
			SetPageActive(page_tail);
			active = 1;
			lru = LRU_ACTIVE_ANON;
		} else {
			active = 0;
			lru = LRU_INACTIVE_ANON;
		}
	} else {
		SetPageUnevictable(page_tail);
		lru = LRU_UNEVICTABLE;
	}

	if (likely(PageLRU(page)))
		list_add_tail(&page_tail->lru, &page->lru);
	else if (list) {
		/* page reclaim is reclaiming a huge page */
		get_page(page_tail);
		list_add_tail(&page_tail->lru, list);
	} else {
		struct list_head *list_head;
		/*
		 * Head page has not yet been counted, as an hpage,
		 * so we must account for each subpage individually.
		 *
		 * Use the standard add function to put page_tail on the list,
		 * but then correct its position so they all end up in order.
		 */
		add_page_to_lru_list(page_tail, lruvec, lru);
		list_head = page_tail->lru.prev;
		list_move_tail(&page_tail->lru, list_head);
	}

	if (!PageUnevictable(page))
		update_page_reclaim_stat(lruvec, file, active);
}

/**
 * mark_page_lazyfree - make an anon page lazyfree
 * @page: page to deactivate
 *
 * mark_page_lazyfree() moves @page to the inactive file list.
 * This is done to accelerate the reclaim of @page.
 */
void mark_page_lazyfree(struct page *page)
{
	if (PageLRU(page) && PageAnon(page) && PageSwapBacked(page) &&
	    !PageSwapCache(page) && !PageUnevictable(page)) {
		struct pagevec *pvec = &get_cpu_var(lru_lazyfree_pvecs);

		get_page(page);
		if (!pagevec_add(pvec, page) || PageCompound(page))
			pagevec_lru_move_fn(pvec, lru_lazyfree_fn, NULL);
		put_cpu_var(lru_lazyfree_pvecs);
	}
}

void activate_page(struct page *page)
{
	page = compound_head(page);
	if (PageLRU(page) && !PageActive(page) && !PageUnevictable(page)) {
		struct pagevec *pvec = &get_cpu_var(activate_page_pvecs);

		get_page(page);
		if (!pagevec_add(pvec, page) || PageCompound(page))
			pagevec_lru_move_fn(pvec, __activate_page, NULL);
		put_cpu_var(activate_page_pvecs);
	}
}

/*
 * Batched page_cache_release().  Decrement the reference count on all the
 * passed pages.  If it fell to zero then remove the page from the LRU and
 * free it.
 *
 * Avoid taking zone->lru_lock if possible, but if it is taken, retain it
 * for the remainder of the operation.
 *
 * The locking in this function is against shrink_cache(): we recheck the
 * page count inside the lock to see whether shrink_cache grabbed the page
 * via the LRU.  If it did, give up: shrink_cache will free it.
 */
void release_pages(struct page **pages, int nr, int cold)
{
	int i;
	struct pagevec pages_to_free;
	struct zone *zone = NULL;
	unsigned long uninitialized_var(flags);

	pagevec_init(&pages_to_free, cold);
	for (i = 0; i < nr; i++) {
		struct page *page = pages[i];

		if (unlikely(PageCompound(page))) {
			if (zone) {
				spin_unlock_irqrestore(&zone->lru_lock, flags);
				zone = NULL;
			}
			put_compound_page(page);
			continue;
		}
        // dyc: if page->ref not zero, continue
		if (!put_page_testzero(page))
			continue;
        // dyc: if in url, remove from it
		if (PageLRU(page)) {
			struct zone *pagezone = page_zone(page);
			if (pagezone != zone) {
				if (zone)
					spin_unlock_irqrestore(&zone->lru_lock,
									flags);
				zone = pagezone;
				spin_lock_irqsave(&zone->lru_lock, flags);
			}
			VM_BUG_ON(!PageLRU(page));
			__ClearPageLRU(page);
			del_page_from_lru(zone, page);
		}
        // dyc: if no space available after adding
		if (!pagevec_add(&pages_to_free, page)) {
			if (zone) {
				spin_unlock_irqrestore(&zone->lru_lock, flags);
				zone = NULL;
			}
            // dyc: return page to buddy system
			__pagevec_free(&pages_to_free);
			pagevec_reinit(&pages_to_free);
  		}
	} // for (i = 0; i < nr; i++)
	if (zone)
		spin_unlock_irqrestore(&zone->lru_lock, flags);

	pagevec_free(&pages_to_free);
}

/*
 * Writeback is about to end against a page which has been marked for immediate
 * reclaim.  If it still appears to be reclaimable, move it to the tail of the
 * inactive list.
 */
void rotate_reclaimable_page(struct page *page)
{
	if (!PageLocked(page) && !PageDirty(page) &&
	    !PageUnevictable(page) && PageLRU(page)) {
		struct pagevec *pvec;
		unsigned long flags;

		get_page(page);
		local_irq_save(flags);
		pvec = this_cpu_ptr(&lru_rotate_pvecs);
		if (!pagevec_add(pvec, page) || PageCompound(page))
			pagevec_move_tail(pvec);
		local_irq_restore(flags);
	}
}

void put_page(struct page *page)
{
	if (unlikely(PageCompound(page))) {
		page = (struct page *)page_private(page);
		if (put_page_testzero(page)) {
			void (*dtor)(struct page *page);

			dtor = (void (*)(struct page *))page[1].mapping;
			(*dtor)(page);
		}
		return;
	}
	if (put_page_testzero(page))
		__page_cache_release(page);
}

/**
 * deactivate_file_page - forcefully deactivate a file page
 * @page: page to deactivate
 *
 * This function hints the VM that @page is a good reclaim candidate,
 * for example if its invalidation fails due to the page being dirty
 * or under writeback.
 */
void deactivate_file_page(struct page *page)
{
	/*
	 * In a workload with many unevictable page such as mprotect,
	 * unevictable page deactivation for accelerating reclaim is pointless.
	 */
	if (PageUnevictable(page))
		return;

	if (likely(get_page_unless_zero(page))) {
		struct pagevec *pvec = &get_cpu_var(lru_deactivate_file_pvecs);

		if (!pagevec_add(pvec, page) || PageCompound(page))
			pagevec_lru_move_fn(pvec, lru_deactivate_file_fn, NULL);
		put_cpu_var(lru_deactivate_file_pvecs);
	}
}

/*
 * Batched page_cache_release().  Decrement the reference count on all the
 * passed pages.  If it fell to zero then remove the page from the LRU and
 * free it.
 *
 * Avoid taking zone->lru_lock if possible, but if it is taken, retain it
 * for the remainder of the operation.
 *
 * The locking in this function is against shrink_cache(): we recheck the
 * page count inside the lock to see whether shrink_cache grabbed the page
 * via the LRU.  If it did, give up: shrink_cache will free it.
 */
void release_pages(struct page **pages, int nr, int cold)
{
	int i;
	struct pagevec pages_to_free;
	struct zone *zone = NULL;

	pagevec_init(&pages_to_free, cold);
	for (i = 0; i < nr; i++) {
		struct page *page = pages[i];
		struct zone *pagezone;

		if (unlikely(PageCompound(page))) {
			if (zone) {
				spin_unlock_irq(&zone->lru_lock);
				zone = NULL;
			}
			put_compound_page(page);
			continue;
		}

		if (!put_page_testzero(page))
			continue;

		pagezone = page_zone(page);
		if (pagezone != zone) {
			if (zone)
				spin_unlock_irq(&zone->lru_lock);
			zone = pagezone;
			spin_lock_irq(&zone->lru_lock);
		}
		if (TestClearPageLRU(page))
			del_page_from_lru(zone, page);
		if (page_count(page) == 0) {
			if (!pagevec_add(&pages_to_free, page)) {
				spin_unlock_irq(&zone->lru_lock);
				__pagevec_free(&pages_to_free);
				pagevec_reinit(&pages_to_free);
				zone = NULL;	/* No lock is held */
			}
		}
	}
	if (zone)
		spin_unlock_irq(&zone->lru_lock);

	pagevec_free(&pages_to_free);
}

void __put_page(struct page *page)
{
	if (is_zone_device_page(page)) {
		put_dev_pagemap(page->pgmap);

		/*
		 * The page belongs to the device that created pgmap. Do
		 * not return it to page allocator.
		 */
		return;
	}

	if (unlikely(PageCompound(page)))
		__put_compound_page(page);
	else
		__put_single_page(page);
}

void __dump_page(struct page *page, const char *reason)
{
	bool page_poisoned = PagePoisoned(page);
	int mapcount;

	/*
	 * If struct page is poisoned don't access Page*() functions as that
	 * leads to recursive loop. Page*() check for poisoned pages, and calls
	 * dump_page() when detected.
	 */
	if (page_poisoned) {
		pr_emerg("page:%px is uninitialized and poisoned", page);
		goto hex_only;
	}

	/*
	 * Avoid VM_BUG_ON() in page_mapcount().
	 * page->_mapcount space in struct page is used by sl[aou]b pages to
	 * encode own info.
	 */
	mapcount = PageSlab(page) ? 0 : page_mapcount(page);

	pr_emerg("page:%px count:%d mapcount:%d mapping:%px index:%#lx",
		  page, page_ref_count(page), mapcount,
		  page->mapping, page_to_pgoff(page));
	if (PageCompound(page))
		pr_cont(" compound_mapcount: %d", compound_mapcount(page));
	pr_cont("\n");
	BUILD_BUG_ON(ARRAY_SIZE(pageflag_names) != __NR_PAGEFLAGS + 1);

	pr_emerg("flags: %#lx(%pGp)\n", page->flags, &page->flags);

hex_only:
	print_hex_dump(KERN_ALERT, "raw: ", DUMP_PREFIX_NONE, 32,
			sizeof(unsigned long), page,
			sizeof(struct page), false);

	if (reason)
		pr_alert("page dumped because: %s\n", reason);

#ifdef CONFIG_MEMCG
	if (!page_poisoned && page->mem_cgroup)
		pr_alert("page->mem_cgroup:%px\n", page->mem_cgroup);
#endif
}

/* used by __split_huge_page_refcount() */
void lru_add_page_tail(struct zone* zone,
		       struct page *page, struct page *page_tail)
{
	int active;
	enum lru_list lru;
	const int file = 0;

	VM_BUG_ON(!PageHead(page));
	VM_BUG_ON(PageCompound(page_tail));
	VM_BUG_ON(PageLRU(page_tail));
	VM_BUG_ON(!spin_is_locked(&zone->lru_lock));

	SetPageLRU(page_tail);

	if (page_evictable(page_tail, NULL)) {
		if (PageActive(page)) {
			SetPageActive(page_tail);
			active = 1;
			lru = LRU_ACTIVE_ANON;
		} else {
			active = 0;
			lru = LRU_INACTIVE_ANON;
		}
		update_page_reclaim_stat(zone, page_tail, file, active);
	} else {
		SetPageUnevictable(page_tail);
		lru = LRU_UNEVICTABLE;
	}

	if (likely(PageLRU(page)))
		list_add_tail(&page_tail->lru, &page->lru);
	else {
		struct list_head *list_head;
		/*
		 * Head page has not yet been counted, as an hpage,
		 * so we must account for each subpage individually.
		 *
		 * Use the standard add function to put page_tail on the list,
		 * but then correct its position so they all end up in order.
		 */
		add_page_to_lru_list(zone, page_tail, lru);
		list_head = page_tail->lru.prev;
		list_move_tail(&page_tail->lru, list_head);
	}
}

/*
 * Batched page_cache_release().  Decrement the reference count on all the
 * passed pages.  If it fell to zero then remove the page from the LRU and
 * free it.
 *
 * Avoid taking zone->lru_lock if possible, but if it is taken, retain it
 * for the remainder of the operation.
 *
 * The locking in this function is against shrink_inactive_list(): we recheck
 * the page count inside the lock to see whether shrink_inactive_list()
 * grabbed the page via the LRU.  If it did, give up: shrink_inactive_list()
 * will free it.
 */
void release_pages(struct page **pages, int nr, int cold)
{
	int i;
	LIST_HEAD(pages_to_free);
	struct zone *zone = NULL;
	unsigned long uninitialized_var(flags);

	for (i = 0; i < nr; i++) {
		struct page *page = pages[i];

		if (unlikely(PageCompound(page))) {
			if (zone) {
				spin_unlock_irqrestore(&zone->lru_lock, flags);
				zone = NULL;
			}
			put_compound_page(page);
			continue;
		}

		if (!put_page_testzero(page))
			continue;

		if (PageLRU(page)) {
			struct zone *pagezone = page_zone(page);

			if (pagezone != zone) {
				if (zone)
					spin_unlock_irqrestore(&zone->lru_lock,
									flags);
				zone = pagezone;
				spin_lock_irqsave(&zone->lru_lock, flags);
			}
			VM_BUG_ON(!PageLRU(page));
			__ClearPageLRU(page);
			del_page_from_lru_list(zone, page, page_off_lru(page));
		}

		list_add(&page->lru, &pages_to_free);
	}
	if (zone)
		spin_unlock_irqrestore(&zone->lru_lock, flags);

	free_hot_cold_page_list(&pages_to_free, cold);
}

/*
 * split_page takes a non-compound higher-order page, and splits it into
 * n (1<<order) sub-pages: page[0..n]
 * Each sub-page must be freed individually.
 *
 * Note: this is probably too low level an operation for use in drivers.
 * Please consult with lkml before using this in your driver.
 */
void split_page(struct page *page, unsigned int order)
{
	int i;

	VM_BUG_ON(PageCompound(page));
	VM_BUG_ON(!page_count(page));

#ifdef CONFIG_KMEMCHECK
	/*
	 * Split shadow pages too, because free(page[0]) would
	 * otherwise free the whole shadow.
	 */
	if (kmemcheck_page_is_tracked(page))
		split_page(virt_to_page(page[0].shadow), order);
#endif

	for (i = 1; i < (1 << order); i++)
		set_page_refcounted(page + i);
}