static int push_stash(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
{
	int keep_index = -1;
	int patch_mode = 0;
	int include_untracked = 0;
	int quiet = 0;
	const char *stash_msg = NULL;
	struct pathspec ps;
	struct option options[] = {
		OPT_BOOL('k', "keep-index", &keep_index,
			 N_("keep index")),
		OPT_BOOL('p', "patch", &patch_mode,
			 N_("stash in patch mode")),
		OPT__QUIET(&quiet, N_("quiet mode")),
		OPT_BOOL('u', "include-untracked", &include_untracked,
			 N_("include untracked files in stash")),
		OPT_SET_INT('a', "all", &include_untracked,
			    N_("include ignore files"), 2),
		OPT_STRING('m', "message", &stash_msg, N_("message"),
			   N_("stash message")),
		OPT_END()
	};

	if (argc)
		argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, options,
				     git_stash_push_usage,
				     0);

	parse_pathspec(&ps, 0, PATHSPEC_PREFER_FULL, prefix, argv);
	return do_push_stash(ps, stash_msg, quiet, keep_index, patch_mode,
			     include_untracked);
}

int main(int argc, const char **argv)
{
	const char *prefix = "prefix/";
	const char *usage[] = {
		"test-parse-options <options>",
		NULL
	};
	struct option options[] = {
		OPT_BOOLEAN('b', "boolean", &boolean, "get a boolean"),
		OPT_BIT('4', "or4", &boolean,
			"bitwise-or boolean with ...0100", 4),
		OPT_NEGBIT(0, "neg-or4", &boolean, "same as --no-or4", 4),
		OPT_GROUP(""),
		OPT_INTEGER('i', "integer", &integer, "get a integer"),
		OPT_INTEGER('j', NULL, &integer, "get a integer, too"),
		OPT_SET_INT(0, "set23", &integer, "set integer to 23", 23),
		OPT_DATE('t', NULL, &timestamp, "get timestamp of <time>"),
		OPT_CALLBACK('L', "length", &integer, "str",
			"get length of <str>", length_callback),
		OPT_FILENAME('F', "file", &file, "set file to <FILE>"),
		OPT_GROUP("String options"),
		OPT_STRING('s', "string", &string, "string", "get a string"),
		OPT_STRING(0, "string2", &string, "str", "get another string"),
		OPT_STRING(0, "st", &string, "st", "get another string (pervert ordering)"),
		OPT_STRING('o', NULL, &string, "str", "get another string"),
		OPT_SET_PTR(0, "default-string", &string,
			"set string to default", (unsigned long)"default"),
		OPT_GROUP("Magic arguments"),
		OPT_ARGUMENT("quux", "means --quux"),
		OPT_NUMBER_CALLBACK(&integer, "set integer to NUM",
			number_callback),
		{ OPTION_BOOLEAN, '+', NULL, &boolean, NULL, "same as -b",
		  PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG | PARSE_OPT_NODASH },
		OPT_GROUP("Standard options"),
		OPT__ABBREV(&abbrev),
		OPT__VERBOSE(&verbose),
		OPT__DRY_RUN(&dry_run),
		OPT__QUIET(&quiet),
		OPT_END(),
	};
	int i;

	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, options, usage, 0);

	printf("boolean: %d\n", boolean);
	printf("integer: %u\n", integer);
	printf("timestamp: %lu\n", timestamp);
	printf("string: %s\n", string ? string : "(not set)");
	printf("abbrev: %d\n", abbrev);
	printf("verbose: %d\n", verbose);
	printf("quiet: %s\n", quiet ? "yes" : "no");
	printf("dry run: %s\n", dry_run ? "yes" : "no");
	printf("file: %s\n", file ? file : "(not set)");

	for (i = 0; i < argc; i++)
		printf("arg %02d: %s\n", i, argv[i]);

	return 0;
}

static int save_stash(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
{
	int keep_index = -1;
	int patch_mode = 0;
	int include_untracked = 0;
	int quiet = 0;
	int ret = 0;
	const char *stash_msg = NULL;
	struct pathspec ps;
	struct strbuf stash_msg_buf = STRBUF_INIT;
	struct option options[] = {
		OPT_BOOL('k', "keep-index", &keep_index,
			 N_("keep index")),
		OPT_BOOL('p', "patch", &patch_mode,
			 N_("stash in patch mode")),
		OPT__QUIET(&quiet, N_("quiet mode")),
		OPT_BOOL('u', "include-untracked", &include_untracked,
			 N_("include untracked files in stash")),
		OPT_SET_INT('a', "all", &include_untracked,
			    N_("include ignore files"), 2),
		OPT_STRING('m', "message", &stash_msg, "message",
			   N_("stash message")),
		OPT_END()
	};

	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, options,
			     git_stash_save_usage,
			     PARSE_OPT_KEEP_DASHDASH);

	if (argc)
		stash_msg = strbuf_join_argv(&stash_msg_buf, argc, argv, ' ');

	memset(&ps, 0, sizeof(ps));
	ret = do_push_stash(ps, stash_msg, quiet, keep_index,
			    patch_mode, include_untracked);

	strbuf_release(&stash_msg_buf);
	return ret;
}

		N_("verify that the named commit has a valid GPG signature"),
		PARSE_OPT_NOARG),
	OPT_BOOL(0, "autostash", &opt_autostash,
		N_("automatically stash/stash pop before and after rebase")),
	OPT_PASSTHRU_ARGV('s', "strategy", &opt_strategies, N_("strategy"),
		N_("merge strategy to use"),
		0),
	OPT_PASSTHRU_ARGV('X', "strategy-option", &opt_strategy_opts,
		N_("option=value"),
		N_("option for selected merge strategy"),
		0),
	OPT_PASSTHRU('S', "gpg-sign", &opt_gpg_sign, N_("key-id"),
		N_("GPG sign commit"),
		PARSE_OPT_OPTARG),
	OPT_SET_INT(0, "allow-unrelated-histories",
		    &opt_allow_unrelated_histories,
		    N_("allow merging unrelated histories"), 1),

	/* Options passed to git-fetch */
	OPT_GROUP(N_("Options related to fetching")),
	OPT_PASSTHRU(0, "all", &opt_all, NULL,
		N_("fetch from all remotes"),
		PARSE_OPT_NOARG),
	OPT_PASSTHRU('a', "append", &opt_append, NULL,
		N_("append to .git/FETCH_HEAD instead of overwriting"),
		PARSE_OPT_NOARG),
	OPT_PASSTHRU(0, "upload-pack", &opt_upload_pack, N_("path"),
		N_("path to upload pack on remote end"),
		0),
	OPT__FORCE(&opt_force, N_("force overwrite of local branch"), 0),
	OPT_PASSTHRU('t', "tags", &opt_tags, NULL,

int cmd_read_tree(int argc, const char **argv, const char *unused_prefix)
{
	int i, newfd, stage = 0;
	unsigned char sha1[20];
	struct tree_desc t[MAX_UNPACK_TREES];
	struct unpack_trees_options opts;
	int prefix_set = 0;
	const struct option read_tree_options[] = {
		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "index-output", NULL, N_("file"),
		  N_("write resulting index to <file>"),
		  PARSE_OPT_NONEG, index_output_cb },
		OPT_SET_INT(0, "empty", &read_empty,
			    N_("only empty the index"), 1),
		OPT__VERBOSE(&opts.verbose_update, N_("be verbose")),
		OPT_GROUP(N_("Merging")),
		OPT_SET_INT('m', NULL, &opts.merge,
			    N_("perform a merge in addition to a read"), 1),
		OPT_SET_INT(0, "trivial", &opts.trivial_merges_only,
			    N_("3-way merge if no file level merging required"), 1),
		OPT_SET_INT(0, "aggressive", &opts.aggressive,
			    N_("3-way merge in presence of adds and removes"), 1),
		OPT_SET_INT(0, "reset", &opts.reset,
			    N_("same as -m, but discard unmerged entries"), 1),
		{ OPTION_STRING, 0, "prefix", &opts.prefix, N_("<subdirectory>/"),
		  N_("read the tree into the index under <subdirectory>/"),
		  PARSE_OPT_NONEG | PARSE_OPT_LITERAL_ARGHELP },
		OPT_SET_INT('u', NULL, &opts.update,
			    N_("update working tree with merge result"), 1),
		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "exclude-per-directory", &opts,
		  N_("gitignore"),
		  N_("allow explicitly ignored files to be overwritten"),
		  PARSE_OPT_NONEG, exclude_per_directory_cb },
		OPT_SET_INT('i', NULL, &opts.index_only,
			    N_("don't check the working tree after merging"), 1),
		OPT__DRY_RUN(&opts.dry_run, N_("don't update the index or the work tree")),
		OPT_SET_INT(0, "no-sparse-checkout", &opts.skip_sparse_checkout,
			    N_("skip applying sparse checkout filter"), 1),
		OPT_SET_INT(0, "debug-unpack", &opts.debug_unpack,
			    N_("debug unpack-trees"), 1),
		OPT_END()
	};

	memset(&opts, 0, sizeof(opts));
	opts.head_idx = -1;
	opts.src_index = &the_index;
	opts.dst_index = &the_index;

	git_config(git_default_config, NULL);

	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, unused_prefix, read_tree_options,
			     read_tree_usage, 0);

	newfd = hold_locked_index(&lock_file, 1);

	prefix_set = opts.prefix ? 1 : 0;
	if (1 < opts.merge + opts.reset + prefix_set)
		die("Which one? -m, --reset, or --prefix?");

	if (opts.reset || opts.merge || opts.prefix) {
		if (read_cache_unmerged() && (opts.prefix || opts.merge))
			die("You need to resolve your current index first");
		stage = opts.merge = 1;
	}
	resolve_undo_clear();

	for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
		const char *arg = argv[i];

		if (get_sha1(arg, sha1))
			die("Not a valid object name %s", arg);
		if (list_tree(sha1) < 0)
			die("failed to unpack tree object %s", arg);
		stage++;
	}
	if (nr_trees == 0 && !read_empty)
		warning("read-tree: emptying the index with no arguments is deprecated; use --empty");
	else if (nr_trees > 0 && read_empty)
		die("passing trees as arguments contradicts --empty");

	if (1 < opts.index_only + opts.update)
		die("-u and -i at the same time makes no sense");
	if ((opts.update||opts.index_only) && !opts.merge)
		die("%s is meaningless without -m, --reset, or --prefix",
		    opts.update ? "-u" : "-i");
	if ((opts.dir && !opts.update))
		die("--exclude-per-directory is meaningless unless -u");
	if (opts.merge && !opts.index_only)
		setup_work_tree();

	if (opts.merge) {
		if (stage < 2)
			die("just how do you expect me to merge %d trees?", stage-1);
		switch (stage - 1) {
		case 1:
			opts.fn = opts.prefix ? bind_merge : oneway_merge;
			break;
		case 2:
			opts.fn = twoway_merge;
			opts.initial_checkout = is_cache_unborn();
			break;
//.........这里部分代码省略.........

int cmd_commit(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
{
	static struct wt_status s;
	static struct option builtin_commit_options[] = {
		OPT__QUIET(&quiet, N_("suppress summary after successful commit")),
		OPT__VERBOSE(&verbose, N_("show diff in commit message template")),

		OPT_GROUP(N_("Commit message options")),
		OPT_FILENAME('F', "file", &logfile, N_("read message from file")),
		OPT_STRING(0, "author", &force_author, N_("author"), N_("override author for commit")),
		OPT_STRING(0, "date", &force_date, N_("date"), N_("override date for commit")),
		OPT_CALLBACK('m', "message", &message, N_("message"), N_("commit message"), opt_parse_m),
		OPT_STRING('c', "reedit-message", &edit_message, N_("commit"), N_("reuse and edit message from specified commit")),
		OPT_STRING('C', "reuse-message", &use_message, N_("commit"), N_("reuse message from specified commit")),
		OPT_STRING(0, "fixup", &fixup_message, N_("commit"), N_("use autosquash formatted message to fixup specified commit")),
		OPT_STRING(0, "squash", &squash_message, N_("commit"), N_("use autosquash formatted message to squash specified commit")),
		OPT_BOOL(0, "reset-author", &renew_authorship, N_("the commit is authored by me now (used with -C/-c/--amend)")),
		OPT_BOOL('s', "signoff", &signoff, N_("add Signed-off-by:")),
		OPT_FILENAME('t', "template", &template_file, N_("use specified template file")),
		OPT_BOOL('e', "edit", &edit_flag, N_("force edit of commit")),
		OPT_STRING(0, "cleanup", &cleanup_arg, N_("default"), N_("how to strip spaces and #comments from message")),
		OPT_BOOL(0, "status", &include_status, N_("include status in commit message template")),
		{ OPTION_STRING, 'S', "gpg-sign", &sign_commit, N_("key id"),
		  N_("GPG sign commit"), PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, NULL, (intptr_t) "" },
		/* end commit message options */

		OPT_GROUP(N_("Commit contents options")),
		OPT_BOOL('a', "all", &all, N_("commit all changed files")),
		OPT_BOOL('i', "include", &also, N_("add specified files to index for commit")),
		OPT_BOOL(0, "interactive", &interactive, N_("interactively add files")),
		OPT_BOOL('p', "patch", &patch_interactive, N_("interactively add changes")),
		OPT_BOOL('o', "only", &only, N_("commit only specified files")),
		OPT_BOOL('n', "no-verify", &no_verify, N_("bypass pre-commit hook")),
		OPT_BOOL(0, "dry-run", &dry_run, N_("show what would be committed")),
		OPT_SET_INT(0, "short", &status_format, N_("show status concisely"),
			    STATUS_FORMAT_SHORT),
		OPT_BOOL(0, "branch", &s.show_branch, N_("show branch information")),
		OPT_SET_INT(0, "porcelain", &status_format,
			    N_("machine-readable output"), STATUS_FORMAT_PORCELAIN),
		OPT_SET_INT(0, "long", &status_format,
			    N_("show status in long format (default)"),
			    STATUS_FORMAT_LONG),
		OPT_BOOL('z', "null", &s.null_termination,
			 N_("terminate entries with NUL")),
		OPT_BOOL(0, "amend", &amend, N_("amend previous commit")),
		OPT_BOOL(0, "no-post-rewrite", &no_post_rewrite, N_("bypass post-rewrite hook")),
		{ OPTION_STRING, 'u', "untracked-files", &untracked_files_arg, N_("mode"), N_("show untracked files, optional modes: all, normal, no. (Default: all)"), PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, NULL, (intptr_t)"all" },
		/* end commit contents options */

		OPT_HIDDEN_BOOL(0, "allow-empty", &allow_empty,
				N_("ok to record an empty change")),
		OPT_HIDDEN_BOOL(0, "allow-empty-message", &allow_empty_message,
				N_("ok to record a change with an empty message")),

		OPT_END()
	};

	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
	struct strbuf author_ident = STRBUF_INIT;
	const char *index_file, *reflog_msg;
	char *nl;
	unsigned char sha1[20];
	struct ref_lock *ref_lock;
	struct commit_list *parents = NULL, **pptr = &parents;
	struct stat statbuf;
	struct commit *current_head = NULL;
	struct commit_extra_header *extra = NULL;

	if (argc == 2 && !strcmp(argv[1], "-h"))
		usage_with_options(builtin_commit_usage, builtin_commit_options);

	status_init_config(&s, git_commit_config);
	status_format = STATUS_FORMAT_NONE; /* Ignore status.short */
	s.colopts = 0;

	if (get_sha1("HEAD", sha1))
		current_head = NULL;
	else {
		current_head = lookup_commit_or_die(sha1, "HEAD");
		if (parse_commit(current_head))
			die(_("could not parse HEAD commit"));
	}
	argc = parse_and_validate_options(argc, argv, builtin_commit_options,
					  builtin_commit_usage,
					  prefix, current_head, &s);
	if (dry_run)
		return dry_run_commit(argc, argv, prefix, current_head, &s);
	index_file = prepare_index(argc, argv, prefix, current_head, 0);

	/* Set up everything for writing the commit object.  This includes
	   running hooks, writing the trees, and interacting with the user.  */
	if (!prepare_to_commit(index_file, prefix,
			       current_head, &s, &author_ident)) {
		rollback_index_files();
		return 1;
	}

	/* Determine parents */
	reflog_msg = getenv("GIT_REFLOG_ACTION");
	if (!current_head) {
//.........这里部分代码省略.........

int cmd_merge_file(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
{
	const char *names[3] = { NULL, NULL, NULL };
	mmfile_t mmfs[3];
	mmbuffer_t result = {NULL, 0};
	xmparam_t xmp = {{0}};
	int ret = 0, i = 0, to_stdout = 0;
	int quiet = 0;
	int prefixlen = 0;
	struct option options[] = {
		OPT_BOOLEAN('p', "stdout", &to_stdout, "send results to standard output"),
		OPT_SET_INT(0, "diff3", &xmp.style, "use a diff3 based merge", XDL_MERGE_DIFF3),
		OPT_SET_INT(0, "ours", &xmp.favor, "for conflicts, use our version",
			    XDL_MERGE_FAVOR_OURS),
		OPT_SET_INT(0, "theirs", &xmp.favor, "for conflicts, use their version",
			    XDL_MERGE_FAVOR_THEIRS),
		OPT_SET_INT(0, "union", &xmp.favor, "for conflicts, use a union version",
			    XDL_MERGE_FAVOR_UNION),
		OPT_INTEGER(0, "marker-size", &xmp.marker_size,
			    "for conflicts, use this marker size"),
		OPT__QUIET(&quiet, "do not warn about conflicts"),
		OPT_CALLBACK('L', NULL, names, "name",
			     "set labels for file1/orig_file/file2", &label_cb),
		OPT_END(),
	};

	xmp.level = XDL_MERGE_ZEALOUS_ALNUM;
	xmp.style = 0;
	xmp.favor = 0;

	if (startup_info->have_repository) {
		/* Read the configuration file */
		git_config(git_xmerge_config, NULL);
		if (0 <= git_xmerge_style)
			xmp.style = git_xmerge_style;
	}

	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, options, merge_file_usage, 0);
	if (argc != 3)
		usage_with_options(merge_file_usage, options);
	if (quiet) {
		if (!freopen("/dev/null", "w", stderr))
			return error("failed to redirect stderr to /dev/null: "
				     "%s", strerror(errno));
	}

	if (prefix)
		prefixlen = strlen(prefix);

	for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
		const char *fname = prefix_filename(prefix, prefixlen, argv[i]);
		if (!names[i])
			names[i] = argv[i];
		if (read_mmfile(mmfs + i, fname))
			return -1;
		if (buffer_is_binary(mmfs[i].ptr, mmfs[i].size))
			return error("Cannot merge binary files: %s",
					argv[i]);
	}

	xmp.ancestor = names[1];
	xmp.file1 = names[0];
	xmp.file2 = names[2];
	ret = xdl_merge(mmfs + 1, mmfs + 0, mmfs + 2, &xmp, &result);

	for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
		free(mmfs[i].ptr);

	if (ret >= 0) {
		const char *filename = argv[0];
		FILE *f = to_stdout ? stdout : fopen(filename, "wb");

		if (!f)
			ret = error("Could not open %s for writing", filename);
		else if (result.size &&
			 fwrite(result.ptr, result.size, 1, f) != 1)
			ret = error("Could not write to %s", filename);
		else if (fclose(f))
			ret = error("Could not close %s", filename);
		free(result.ptr);
	}

	return ret;
}

{
	int delete = 0, rename = 0, force_create = 0, list = 0;
	int verbose = 0, abbrev = -1, detached = 0;
	int reflog = 0, edit_description = 0;
	int quiet = 0, unset_upstream = 0;
	const char *new_upstream = NULL;
	enum branch_track track;
	int kinds = REF_LOCAL_BRANCH;
	struct commit_list *with_commit = NULL;

	struct option options[] = {
		OPT_GROUP(N_("Generic options")),
		OPT__VERBOSE(&verbose,
			N_("show hash and subject, give twice for upstream branch")),
		OPT__QUIET(&quiet, N_("suppress informational messages")),
		OPT_SET_INT('t', "track",  &track, N_("set up tracking mode (see git-pull(1))"),
			BRANCH_TRACK_EXPLICIT),
		OPT_SET_INT( 0, "set-upstream",  &track, N_("change upstream info"),
			BRANCH_TRACK_OVERRIDE),
		OPT_STRING('u', "set-upstream-to", &new_upstream, "upstream", "change the upstream info"),
		OPT_BOOL(0, "unset-upstream", &unset_upstream, "Unset the upstream info"),
		OPT__COLOR(&branch_use_color, N_("use colored output")),
		OPT_SET_INT('r', "remotes",     &kinds, N_("act on remote-tracking branches"),
			REF_REMOTE_BRANCH),
		{
			OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "contains", &with_commit, N_("commit"),
			N_("print only branches that contain the commit"),
			PARSE_OPT_LASTARG_DEFAULT,
			parse_opt_with_commit, (intptr_t)"HEAD",
		},
		{
			OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "with", &with_commit, N_("commit"),

int cmd_show_branch(int ac, const char **av, const char *prefix)
{
	struct commit *rev[MAX_REVS], *commit;
	char *reflog_msg[MAX_REVS];
	struct commit_list *list = NULL, *seen = NULL;
	unsigned int rev_mask[MAX_REVS];
	int num_rev, i, extra = 0;
	int all_heads = 0, all_remotes = 0;
	int all_mask, all_revs;
	int lifo = 1;
	char head[128];
	const char *head_p;
	int head_len;
	unsigned char head_sha1[20];
	int merge_base = 0;
	int independent = 0;
	int no_name = 0;
	int sha1_name = 0;
	int shown_merge_point = 0;
	int with_current_branch = 0;
	int head_at = -1;
	int topics = 0;
	int dense = 1;
	const char *reflog_base = NULL;
	struct option builtin_show_branch_options[] = {
		OPT_BOOLEAN('a', "all", &all_heads,
			    "show remote-tracking and local branches"),
		OPT_BOOLEAN('r', "remotes", &all_remotes,
			    "show remote-tracking branches"),
		OPT__COLOR(&showbranch_use_color,
			    "color '*!+-' corresponding to the branch"),
		{ OPTION_INTEGER, 0, "more", &extra, "n",
			    "show <n> more commits after the common ancestor",
			    PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, NULL, (intptr_t)1 },
		OPT_SET_INT(0, "list", &extra, "synonym to more=-1", -1),
		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "no-name", &no_name, "suppress naming strings"),
		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "current", &with_current_branch,
			    "include the current branch"),
		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "sha1-name", &sha1_name,
			    "name commits with their object names"),
		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "merge-base", &merge_base,
			    "show possible merge bases"),
		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "independent", &independent,
			    "show refs unreachable from any other ref"),
		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "topo-order", &lifo,
			    "show commits in topological order"),
		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "topics", &topics,
			    "show only commits not on the first branch"),
		OPT_SET_INT(0, "sparse", &dense,
			    "show merges reachable from only one tip", 0),
		OPT_SET_INT(0, "date-order", &lifo,
			    "show commits where no parent comes before its "
			    "children", 0),
		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'g', "reflog", &reflog_base, "<n>[,<base>]",
			    "show <n> most recent ref-log entries starting at "
			    "base",
			    PARSE_OPT_OPTARG | PARSE_OPT_LITERAL_ARGHELP,
			    parse_reflog_param },
		OPT_END()
	};

	git_config(git_show_branch_config, NULL);

	if (showbranch_use_color == -1)
		showbranch_use_color = git_use_color_default;

	/* If nothing is specified, try the default first */
	if (ac == 1 && default_num) {
		ac = default_num;
		av = default_arg;
	}

	ac = parse_options(ac, av, prefix, builtin_show_branch_options,
			   show_branch_usage, PARSE_OPT_STOP_AT_NON_OPTION);
	if (all_heads)
		all_remotes = 1;

	if (extra || reflog) {
		/* "listing" mode is incompatible with
		 * independent nor merge-base modes.
		 */
		if (independent || merge_base)
			usage_with_options(show_branch_usage,
					   builtin_show_branch_options);
		if (reflog && ((0 < extra) || all_heads || all_remotes))
			/*
			 * Asking for --more in reflog mode does not
			 * make sense.  --list is Ok.
			 *
			 * Also --all and --remotes do not make sense either.
			 */
			die("--reflog is incompatible with --all, --remotes, "
			    "--independent or --merge-base");
	}

	/* If nothing is specified, show all branches by default */
	if (ac + all_heads + all_remotes == 0)
		all_heads = 1;

	if (reflog) {
//.........这里部分代码省略.........

/*
 * If you want to, you can share the DB area with any number of branches.
 * That has advantages: you can save space by sharing all the SHA1 objects.
 * On the other hand, it might just make lookup slower and messier. You
 * be the judge.  The default case is to have one DB per managed directory.
 */
int cmd_init_db(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
{
	const char *git_dir;
	const char *real_git_dir = NULL;
	const char *work_tree;
	const char *template_dir = NULL;
	unsigned int flags = 0;
	const struct option init_db_options[] = {
		OPT_STRING(0, "template", &template_dir, N_("template-directory"),
				N_("directory from which templates will be used")),
		OPT_SET_INT(0, "bare", &is_bare_repository_cfg,
				N_("create a bare repository"), 1),
		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "shared", &init_shared_repository,
			N_("permissions"),
			N_("specify that the git repository is to be shared amongst several users"),
			PARSE_OPT_OPTARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG, shared_callback, 0},
		OPT_BIT('q', "quiet", &flags, N_("be quiet"), INIT_DB_QUIET),
		OPT_STRING(0, "separate-git-dir", &real_git_dir, N_("gitdir"),
			   N_("separate git dir from working tree")),
		OPT_END()
	};

	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, init_db_options, init_db_usage, 0);

	if (real_git_dir && !is_absolute_path(real_git_dir))
		real_git_dir = real_pathdup(real_git_dir, 1);

	if (argc == 1) {
		int mkdir_tried = 0;
	retry:
		if (chdir(argv[0]) < 0) {
			if (!mkdir_tried) {
				int saved;
				/*
				 * At this point we haven't read any configuration,
				 * and we know shared_repository should always be 0;
				 * but just in case we play safe.
				 */
				saved = get_shared_repository();
				set_shared_repository(0);
				switch (safe_create_leading_directories_const(argv[0])) {
				case SCLD_OK:
				case SCLD_PERMS:
					break;
				case SCLD_EXISTS:
					errno = EEXIST;
					/* fallthru */
				default:
					die_errno(_("cannot mkdir %s"), argv[0]);
					break;
				}
				set_shared_repository(saved);
				if (mkdir(argv[0], 0777) < 0)
					die_errno(_("cannot mkdir %s"), argv[0]);
				mkdir_tried = 1;
				goto retry;
			}
			die_errno(_("cannot chdir to %s"), argv[0]);
		}
	} else if (0 < argc) {
		usage(init_db_usage[0]);
	}
	if (is_bare_repository_cfg == 1) {
		char *cwd = xgetcwd();
		setenv(GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT, cwd, argc > 0);
		free(cwd);
	}

	if (init_shared_repository != -1)
		set_shared_repository(init_shared_repository);

	/*
	 * GIT_WORK_TREE makes sense only in conjunction with GIT_DIR
	 * without --bare.  Catch the error early.
	 */
	git_dir = xstrdup_or_null(getenv(GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT));
	work_tree = xstrdup_or_null(getenv(GIT_WORK_TREE_ENVIRONMENT));
	if ((!git_dir || is_bare_repository_cfg == 1) && work_tree)
		die(_("%s (or --work-tree=<directory>) not allowed without "
			  "specifying %s (or --git-dir=<directory>)"),
		    GIT_WORK_TREE_ENVIRONMENT,
		    GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT);

	/*
	 * Set up the default .git directory contents
	 */
	if (!git_dir)
		git_dir = DEFAULT_GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT;

	if (is_bare_repository_cfg < 0)
		is_bare_repository_cfg = guess_repository_type(git_dir);

	if (!is_bare_repository_cfg) {
		const char *git_dir_parent = strrchr(git_dir, '/');
//.........这里部分代码省略.........

int cmd_ls_tree(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
{
	unsigned char sha1[20];
	struct tree *tree;
	int i, full_tree = 0;
	const struct option ls_tree_options[] = {
		OPT_BIT('d', NULL, &ls_options, N_("only show trees"),
			LS_TREE_ONLY),
		OPT_BIT('r', NULL, &ls_options, N_("recurse into subtrees"),
			LS_RECURSIVE),
		OPT_BIT('t', NULL, &ls_options, N_("show trees when recursing"),
			LS_SHOW_TREES),
		OPT_SET_INT('z', NULL, &line_termination,
			    N_("terminate entries with NUL byte"), 0),
		OPT_BIT('l', "long", &ls_options, N_("include object size"),
			LS_SHOW_SIZE),
		OPT_BIT(0, "name-only", &ls_options, N_("list only filenames"),
			LS_NAME_ONLY),
		OPT_BIT(0, "name-status", &ls_options, N_("list only filenames"),
			LS_NAME_ONLY),
		OPT_SET_INT(0, "full-name", &chomp_prefix,
			    N_("use full path names"), 0),
		OPT_BOOL(0, "full-tree", &full_tree,
			 N_("list entire tree; not just current directory "
			    "(implies --full-name)")),
		OPT__ABBREV(&abbrev),
		OPT_END()
	};

	git_config(git_default_config, NULL);
	ls_tree_prefix = prefix;
	if (prefix && *prefix)
		chomp_prefix = strlen(prefix);

	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, ls_tree_options,
			     ls_tree_usage, 0);
	if (full_tree) {
		ls_tree_prefix = prefix = NULL;
		chomp_prefix = 0;
	}
	/* -d -r should imply -t, but -d by itself should not have to. */
	if ( (LS_TREE_ONLY|LS_RECURSIVE) ==
	    ((LS_TREE_ONLY|LS_RECURSIVE) & ls_options))
		ls_options |= LS_SHOW_TREES;

	if (argc < 1)
		usage_with_options(ls_tree_usage, ls_tree_options);
	if (get_sha1(argv[0], sha1))
		die("Not a valid object name %s", argv[0]);

	/*
	 * show_recursive() rolls its own matching code and is
	 * generally ignorant of 'struct pathspec'. The magic mask
	 * cannot be lifted until it is converted to use
	 * match_pathspec() or tree_entry_interesting()
	 */
	parse_pathspec(&pathspec, PATHSPEC_GLOB | PATHSPEC_ICASE |
				  PATHSPEC_EXCLUDE,
		       PATHSPEC_PREFER_CWD,
		       prefix, argv + 1);
	for (i = 0; i < pathspec.nr; i++)
		pathspec.items[i].nowildcard_len = pathspec.items[i].len;
	pathspec.has_wildcard = 0;
	tree = parse_tree_indirect(sha1);
	if (!tree)
		die("not a tree object");
	return !!read_tree_recursive(tree, "", 0, 0, &pathspec, show_tree, NULL);
}

int cmd_grep(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
{
	int hit = 0;
	int cached = 0, untracked = 0, opt_exclude = -1;
	int seen_dashdash = 0;
	int external_grep_allowed__ignored;
	const char *show_in_pager = NULL, *default_pager = "dummy";
	struct grep_opt opt;
	struct object_array list = OBJECT_ARRAY_INIT;
	struct pathspec pathspec;
	struct string_list path_list = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
	int i;
	int dummy;
	int use_index = 1;
	int pattern_type_arg = GREP_PATTERN_TYPE_UNSPECIFIED;
	int allow_revs;

	struct option options[] = {
		OPT_BOOL(0, "cached", &cached,
			N_("search in index instead of in the work tree")),
		OPT_NEGBIT(0, "no-index", &use_index,
			 N_("find in contents not managed by git"), 1),
		OPT_BOOL(0, "untracked", &untracked,
			N_("search in both tracked and untracked files")),
		OPT_SET_INT(0, "exclude-standard", &opt_exclude,
			    N_("ignore files specified via '.gitignore'"), 1),
		OPT_BOOL(0, "recurse-submodules", &recurse_submodules,
			 N_("recursively search in each submodule")),
		OPT_GROUP(""),
		OPT_BOOL('v', "invert-match", &opt.invert,
			N_("show non-matching lines")),
		OPT_BOOL('i', "ignore-case", &opt.ignore_case,
			N_("case insensitive matching")),
		OPT_BOOL('w', "word-regexp", &opt.word_regexp,
			N_("match patterns only at word boundaries")),
		OPT_SET_INT('a', "text", &opt.binary,
			N_("process binary files as text"), GREP_BINARY_TEXT),
		OPT_SET_INT('I', NULL, &opt.binary,
			N_("don't match patterns in binary files"),
			GREP_BINARY_NOMATCH),
		OPT_BOOL(0, "textconv", &opt.allow_textconv,
			 N_("process binary files with textconv filters")),
		{ OPTION_INTEGER, 0, "max-depth", &opt.max_depth, N_("depth"),
			N_("descend at most <depth> levels"), PARSE_OPT_NONEG,
			NULL, 1 },
		OPT_GROUP(""),
		OPT_SET_INT('E', "extended-regexp", &pattern_type_arg,
			    N_("use extended POSIX regular expressions"),
			    GREP_PATTERN_TYPE_ERE),
		OPT_SET_INT('G', "basic-regexp", &pattern_type_arg,
			    N_("use basic POSIX regular expressions (default)"),
			    GREP_PATTERN_TYPE_BRE),
		OPT_SET_INT('F', "fixed-strings", &pattern_type_arg,
			    N_("interpret patterns as fixed strings"),
			    GREP_PATTERN_TYPE_FIXED),
		OPT_SET_INT('P', "perl-regexp", &pattern_type_arg,
			    N_("use Perl-compatible regular expressions"),
			    GREP_PATTERN_TYPE_PCRE),
		OPT_GROUP(""),
		OPT_BOOL('n', "line-number", &opt.linenum, N_("show line numbers")),
		OPT_NEGBIT('h', NULL, &opt.pathname, N_("don't show filenames"), 1),
		OPT_BIT('H', NULL, &opt.pathname, N_("show filenames"), 1),
		OPT_NEGBIT(0, "full-name", &opt.relative,
			N_("show filenames relative to top directory"), 1),
		OPT_BOOL('l', "files-with-matches", &opt.name_only,
			N_("show only filenames instead of matching lines")),
		OPT_BOOL(0, "name-only", &opt.name_only,
			N_("synonym for --files-with-matches")),
		OPT_BOOL('L', "files-without-match",
			&opt.unmatch_name_only,
			N_("show only the names of files without match")),
		OPT_BOOL('z', "null", &opt.null_following_name,
			N_("print NUL after filenames")),
		OPT_BOOL('c', "count", &opt.count,
			N_("show the number of matches instead of matching lines")),
		OPT__COLOR(&opt.color, N_("highlight matches")),
		OPT_BOOL(0, "break", &opt.file_break,
			N_("print empty line between matches from different files")),
		OPT_BOOL(0, "heading", &opt.heading,
			N_("show filename only once above matches from same file")),
		OPT_GROUP(""),
		OPT_CALLBACK('C', "context", &opt, N_("n"),
			N_("show <n> context lines before and after matches"),
			context_callback),
		OPT_INTEGER('B', "before-context", &opt.pre_context,
			N_("show <n> context lines before matches")),
		OPT_INTEGER('A', "after-context", &opt.post_context,
			N_("show <n> context lines after matches")),
		OPT_INTEGER(0, "threads", &num_threads,
			N_("use <n> worker threads")),
		OPT_NUMBER_CALLBACK(&opt, N_("shortcut for -C NUM"),
			context_callback),
		OPT_BOOL('p', "show-function", &opt.funcname,
			N_("show a line with the function name before matches")),
		OPT_BOOL('W', "function-context", &opt.funcbody,
			N_("show the surrounding function")),
		OPT_GROUP(""),
		OPT_CALLBACK('f', NULL, &opt, N_("file"),
			N_("read patterns from file"), file_callback),
		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'e', NULL, &opt, N_("pattern"),
//.........这里部分代码省略.........

int cmd_checkout(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
{
	struct checkout_opts opts;
	struct branch_info new_branch_info;
	char *conflict_style = NULL;
	int dwim_new_local_branch, no_dwim_new_local_branch = 0;
	int dwim_remotes_matched = 0;
	struct option options[] = {
		OPT__QUIET(&opts.quiet, N_("suppress progress reporting")),
		OPT_STRING('b', NULL, &opts.new_branch, N_("branch"),
			   N_("create and checkout a new branch")),
		OPT_STRING('B', NULL, &opts.new_branch_force, N_("branch"),
			   N_("create/reset and checkout a branch")),
		OPT_BOOL('l', NULL, &opts.new_branch_log, N_("create reflog for new branch")),
		OPT_BOOL(0, "detach", &opts.force_detach, N_("detach HEAD at named commit")),
		OPT_SET_INT('t', "track",  &opts.track, N_("set upstream info for new branch"),
			BRANCH_TRACK_EXPLICIT),
		OPT_STRING(0, "orphan", &opts.new_orphan_branch, N_("new-branch"), N_("new unparented branch")),
		OPT_SET_INT_F('2', "ours", &opts.writeout_stage,
			      N_("checkout our version for unmerged files"),
			      2, PARSE_OPT_NONEG),
		OPT_SET_INT_F('3', "theirs", &opts.writeout_stage,
			      N_("checkout their version for unmerged files"),
			      3, PARSE_OPT_NONEG),
		OPT__FORCE(&opts.force, N_("force checkout (throw away local modifications)"),
			   PARSE_OPT_NOCOMPLETE),
		OPT_BOOL('m', "merge", &opts.merge, N_("perform a 3-way merge with the new branch")),
		OPT_BOOL_F(0, "overwrite-ignore", &opts.overwrite_ignore,
			   N_("update ignored files (default)"),
			   PARSE_OPT_NOCOMPLETE),
		OPT_STRING(0, "conflict", &conflict_style, N_("style"),
			   N_("conflict style (merge or diff3)")),
		OPT_BOOL('p', "patch", &opts.patch_mode, N_("select hunks interactively")),
		OPT_BOOL(0, "ignore-skip-worktree-bits", &opts.ignore_skipworktree,
			 N_("do not limit pathspecs to sparse entries only")),
		OPT_BOOL(0, "no-guess", &no_dwim_new_local_branch,
			 N_("do not second guess 'git checkout <no-such-branch>'")),
		OPT_BOOL(0, "ignore-other-worktrees", &opts.ignore_other_worktrees,
			 N_("do not check if another worktree is holding the given ref")),
		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "recurse-submodules", NULL,
			    "checkout", "control recursive updating of submodules",
			    PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, option_parse_recurse_submodules_worktree_updater },
		OPT_BOOL(0, "progress", &opts.show_progress, N_("force progress reporting")),
		OPT_BOOL(0, "overlay", &opts.overlay_mode, N_("use overlay mode (default)")),
		OPT_END(),
	};

	memset(&opts, 0, sizeof(opts));
	memset(&new_branch_info, 0, sizeof(new_branch_info));
	opts.overwrite_ignore = 1;
	opts.prefix = prefix;
	opts.show_progress = -1;
	opts.overlay_mode = -1;

	git_config(git_checkout_config, &opts);

	opts.track = BRANCH_TRACK_UNSPECIFIED;

	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, options, checkout_usage,
			     PARSE_OPT_KEEP_DASHDASH);

	dwim_new_local_branch = !no_dwim_new_local_branch;
	if (opts.show_progress < 0) {
		if (opts.quiet)
			opts.show_progress = 0;
		else
			opts.show_progress = isatty(2);
	}

	if (conflict_style) {
		opts.merge = 1; /* implied */
		git_xmerge_config("merge.conflictstyle", conflict_style, NULL);
	}

	if ((!!opts.new_branch + !!opts.new_branch_force + !!opts.new_orphan_branch) > 1)
		die(_("-b, -B and --orphan are mutually exclusive"));

	if (opts.overlay_mode == 1 && opts.patch_mode)
		die(_("-p and --overlay are mutually exclusive"));

	/*
	 * From here on, new_branch will contain the branch to be checked out,
	 * and new_branch_force and new_orphan_branch will tell us which one of
	 * -b/-B/--orphan is being used.
	 */
	if (opts.new_branch_force)
		opts.new_branch = opts.new_branch_force;

	if (opts.new_orphan_branch)
		opts.new_branch = opts.new_orphan_branch;

	/* --track without -b/-B/--orphan should DWIM */
	if (opts.track != BRANCH_TRACK_UNSPECIFIED && !opts.new_branch) {
		const char *argv0 = argv[0];
		if (!argc || !strcmp(argv0, "--"))
			die(_("--track needs a branch name"));
		skip_prefix(argv0, "refs/", &argv0);
		skip_prefix(argv0, "remotes/", &argv0);
		argv0 = strchr(argv0, '/');
		if (!argv0 || !argv0[1])
//.........这里部分代码省略.........

	return 0;
}

int cmd_branch(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
{
	int delete = 0, rename = 0, force_create = 0;
	int verbose = 0, abbrev = DEFAULT_ABBREV, detached = 0;
	int reflog = 0;
	enum branch_track track;
	int kinds = REF_LOCAL_BRANCH;
	struct commit_list *with_commit = NULL;

	struct option options[] = {
		OPT_GROUP("Generic options"),
		OPT__VERBOSE(&verbose),
		OPT_SET_INT( 0 , "track",  &track, "set up tracking mode (see git-pull(1))",
			BRANCH_TRACK_EXPLICIT),
		OPT_BOOLEAN( 0 , "color",  &branch_use_color, "use colored output"),
		OPT_SET_INT('r', NULL,     &kinds, "act on remote-tracking branches",
			REF_REMOTE_BRANCH),
		{
			OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "contains", &with_commit, "commit",
			"print only branches that contain the commit",
			PARSE_OPT_LASTARG_DEFAULT,
			parse_opt_with_commit, (intptr_t)"HEAD",
		},
		{
			OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "with", &with_commit, "commit",
			"print only branches that contain the commit",
			PARSE_OPT_HIDDEN | PARSE_OPT_LASTARG_DEFAULT,
			parse_opt_with_commit, (intptr_t) "HEAD",
		},

int cmd_update_index(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
{
	int newfd, entries, has_errors = 0, nul_term_line = 0;
	enum uc_mode untracked_cache = UC_UNSPECIFIED;
	int read_from_stdin = 0;
	int prefix_length = prefix ? strlen(prefix) : 0;
	int preferred_index_format = 0;
	char set_executable_bit = 0;
	struct refresh_params refresh_args = {0, &has_errors};
	int lock_error = 0;
	int split_index = -1;
	int force_write = 0;
	int fsmonitor = -1;
	struct lock_file lock_file = LOCK_INIT;
	struct parse_opt_ctx_t ctx;
	strbuf_getline_fn getline_fn;
	int parseopt_state = PARSE_OPT_UNKNOWN;
	struct option options[] = {
		OPT_BIT('q', NULL, &refresh_args.flags,
			N_("continue refresh even when index needs update"),
			REFRESH_QUIET),
		OPT_BIT(0, "ignore-submodules", &refresh_args.flags,
			N_("refresh: ignore submodules"),
			REFRESH_IGNORE_SUBMODULES),
		OPT_SET_INT(0, "add", &allow_add,
			N_("do not ignore new files"), 1),
		OPT_SET_INT(0, "replace", &allow_replace,
			N_("let files replace directories and vice-versa"), 1),
		OPT_SET_INT(0, "remove", &allow_remove,
			N_("notice files missing from worktree"), 1),
		OPT_BIT(0, "unmerged", &refresh_args.flags,
			N_("refresh even if index contains unmerged entri