static ENGINE *engine_qat(void)
{
    ENGINE *ret = NULL;
    unsigned int devmasks[] = { 0, 0, 0 };
    DEBUG("[%s] engine_qat\n", __func__);

    if (access(QAT_DEV, F_OK) != 0) {
        QATerr(QAT_F_ENGINE_QAT, QAT_R_MEM_DRV_NOT_PRESENT);
        return ret;
    }

    if (!getDevices(devmasks)) {
        QATerr(QAT_F_ENGINE_QAT, QAT_R_QAT_DEV_NOT_PRESENT);
        return ret;
    }

    ret = ENGINE_new();

    if (!ret)
        return NULL;

    if (!bind_qat(ret, engine_qat_id)) {
        WARN("qat engine bind failed!\n");
        ENGINE_free(ret);
        return NULL;
    }

    return ret;
}

int openssl_engine(lua_State *L){
	const ENGINE* eng = NULL;
	if(lua_isnoneornil(L, 1)){
		eng = ENGINE_new();
	}else if(lua_isstring(L, 1)){
		const char* id = luaL_checkstring(L, 1);
		eng = ENGINE_by_id(id);
	}else if(lua_isboolean(L,1)){
		int first = lua_toboolean(L, 1);
		if(first)
			eng = ENGINE_get_first();
		else
			eng = ENGINE_get_last();
	}else
		luaL_error(L, 
			"#1 may be string, boolean, nil, userdata for engine or none\n"
			"\tstring for an engine id to load\n"
			"\ttrue for first engine, false or last engine\n"
			"\tnil or none will create a new engine\n"
			"\tbut we get %s:%s",lua_typename(L,lua_type(L,  1)),lua_tostring(L,1));
	if(eng){
		PUSH_OBJECT((void*)eng,"openssl.engine");
	}else
		lua_pushnil(L);
	return 1;
}

void
ca_engine_init(void)
{
	ENGINE		*e;
	const char	*errstr, *name;

	if ((e = ENGINE_get_default_RSA()) == NULL) {
		if ((e = ENGINE_new()) == NULL) {
			errstr = "ENGINE_new";
			goto fail;
		}
		if (!ENGINE_set_name(e, rsae_method.name)) {
			errstr = "ENGINE_set_name";
			goto fail;
		}
		if ((rsa_default = RSA_get_default_method()) == NULL) {
			errstr = "RSA_get_default_method";
			goto fail;
		}
	} else if ((rsa_default = ENGINE_get_RSA(e)) == NULL) {
		errstr = "ENGINE_get_RSA";
		goto fail;
	}

	if ((name = ENGINE_get_name(e)) == NULL)
		name = "unknown RSA engine";

	log_debug("debug: %s: using %s", __func__, name);

	if (rsa_default->flags & RSA_FLAG_SIGN_VER)
		fatalx("unsupported RSA engine");

	if (rsa_default->rsa_mod_exp == NULL)
		rsae_method.rsa_mod_exp = NULL;
	if (rsa_default->bn_mod_exp == NULL)
		rsae_method.bn_mod_exp = NULL;
	if (rsa_default->rsa_keygen == NULL)
		rsae_method.rsa_keygen = NULL;
	rsae_method.flags = rsa_default->flags |
	    RSA_METHOD_FLAG_NO_CHECK;
	rsae_method.app_data = rsa_default->app_data;

	if (!ENGINE_set_RSA(e, &rsae_method)) {
		errstr = "ENGINE_set_RSA";
		goto fail;
	}
	if (!ENGINE_set_default_RSA(e)) {
		errstr = "ENGINE_set_default_RSA";
		goto fail;
	}

	return;

 fail:
	ssl_error(errstr);
	fatalx("%s", errstr);
}

    static ENGINE* LoadEngine()
    {
      // This function creates an engine for PKCS#11 and inspired by
      // the "ENGINE_load_dynamic" function from OpenSSL, in file
      // "crypto/engine/eng_dyn.c"

      ENGINE* engine = ENGINE_new();
      if (!engine)
      {
        LOG(ERROR) << "Cannot create an OpenSSL engine for PKCS#11";
        throw OrthancException(ErrorCode_InternalError);
      }

      // Create a PKCS#11 context using libp11
      context_ = pkcs11_new();
      if (!context_)
      {
        LOG(ERROR) << "Cannot create a libp11 context for PKCS#11";
        ENGINE_free(engine);
        throw OrthancException(ErrorCode_InternalError);
      }

      if (!ENGINE_set_id(engine, PKCS11_ENGINE_ID) ||
          !ENGINE_set_name(engine, PKCS11_ENGINE_NAME) ||
          !ENGINE_set_cmd_defns(engine, PKCS11_ENGINE_COMMANDS) ||

          // Register the callback functions
          !ENGINE_set_init_function(engine, EngineInitialize) ||
          !ENGINE_set_finish_function(engine, EngineFinalize) ||
          !ENGINE_set_destroy_function(engine, EngineDestroy) ||
          !ENGINE_set_ctrl_function(engine, EngineControl) ||
          !ENGINE_set_load_pubkey_function(engine, EngineLoadPublicKey) ||
          !ENGINE_set_load_privkey_function(engine, EngineLoadPrivateKey) ||

          !ENGINE_set_RSA(engine, PKCS11_get_rsa_method()) ||
          !ENGINE_set_ECDSA(engine, PKCS11_get_ecdsa_method()) ||
          !ENGINE_set_ECDH(engine, PKCS11_get_ecdh_method()) ||

#if OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER  >= 0x10100002L
          !ENGINE_set_EC(engine, PKCS11_get_ec_key_method()) ||
#endif

          // Make OpenSSL know about our PKCS#11 engine
          !ENGINE_add(engine))
      {
        LOG(ERROR) << "Cannot initialize the OpenSSL engine for PKCS#11";
        pkcs11_finish(context_);
        ENGINE_free(engine);
        throw OrthancException(ErrorCode_InternalError);
      }

      // If the "ENGINE_add" worked, it gets a structural
      // reference. We release our just-created reference.
      ENGINE_free(engine);

      return ENGINE_by_id(PKCS11_ENGINE_ID);
    }

isc_result_t
dst__openssl_init() {
	isc_result_t result;

#ifdef  DNS_CRYPTO_LEAKS
	CRYPTO_malloc_debug_init();
	CRYPTO_set_mem_debug_options(V_CRYPTO_MDEBUG_ALL);
	CRYPTO_mem_ctrl(CRYPTO_MEM_CHECK_ON);
#endif
	CRYPTO_set_mem_functions(mem_alloc, mem_realloc, mem_free);
	nlocks = CRYPTO_num_locks();
	locks = mem_alloc(sizeof(isc_mutex_t) * nlocks);
	if (locks == NULL)
		return (ISC_R_NOMEMORY);
	result = isc_mutexblock_init(locks, nlocks);
	if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS)
		goto cleanup_mutexalloc;
	CRYPTO_set_locking_callback(lock_callback);
	CRYPTO_set_id_callback(id_callback);

	rm = mem_alloc(sizeof(RAND_METHOD));
	if (rm == NULL) {
		result = ISC_R_NOMEMORY;
		goto cleanup_mutexinit;
	}
	rm->seed = NULL;
	rm->bytes = entropy_get;
	rm->cleanup = NULL;
	rm->add = entropy_add;
	rm->pseudorand = entropy_getpseudo;
	rm->status = entropy_status;
#ifdef USE_ENGINE
	e = ENGINE_new();
	if (e == NULL) {
		result = ISC_R_NOMEMORY;
		goto cleanup_rm;
	}
	ENGINE_set_RAND(e, rm);
	RAND_set_rand_method(rm);
#else
	RAND_set_rand_method(rm);
#endif /* USE_ENGINE */
	return (ISC_R_SUCCESS);

#ifdef USE_ENGINE
 cleanup_rm:
	mem_free(rm);
#endif
 cleanup_mutexinit:
	CRYPTO_set_locking_callback(NULL);
	DESTROYMUTEXBLOCK(locks, nlocks);
 cleanup_mutexalloc:
	mem_free(locks);
	return (result);
}

static ENGINE *engine_ossltest(void)
{
    ENGINE *ret = ENGINE_new();
    if (ret == NULL)
        return NULL;
    if (!bind_ossltest(ret)) {
        ENGINE_free(ret);
        return NULL;
    }
    return ret;
}

static ENGINE *ENGINE_rdrand(void)
{
    ENGINE *ret = ENGINE_new();
    if (!ret)
        return NULL;
    if (!bind_helper(ret)) {
        ENGINE_free(ret);
        return NULL;
    }
    return ret;
}

static ENGINE *engine_nuron(void)
{
    ENGINE *ret = ENGINE_new();
    if (!ret)
        return NULL;
    if (!bind_helper(ret)) {
        ENGINE_free(ret);
        return NULL;
    }
    return ret;
}

static ENGINE *engine_openssl(void)
{
    ENGINE *ret = ENGINE_new();
    if (ret == NULL)
        return NULL;
    if (!bind_helper(ret)) {
        ENGINE_free(ret);
        return NULL;
    }
    return ret;
}

static ENGINE *engine_afalg(void)
{
    ENGINE *ret = ENGINE_new();
    if (ret == NULL)
        return NULL;
    if (!bind_afalg(ret)) {
        ENGINE_free(ret);
        return NULL;
    }
    return ret;
}

static ENGINE *engine_dasync(void)
{
    ENGINE *ret = ENGINE_new();
    if (!ret)
        return NULL;
    if (!bind_dasync(ret)) {
        ENGINE_free(ret);
        return NULL;
    }
    return ret;
}

static ENGINE *engine_gost(void)
{
    ENGINE *ret = ENGINE_new();
    if (!ret)
        return NULL;
    if (!bind_gost(ret, engine_gost_id)) {
        ENGINE_free(ret);
        return NULL;
    }
    return ret;
}

static ENGINE *engine_sureware(void)
{
    ENGINE *ret = ENGINE_new();
    if(!ret)
        return NULL;
    if(!bind_sureware(ret))
    {
        ENGINE_free(ret);
        return NULL;
    }
    return ret;
}

static ENGINE *engine_tpm(void)
{
	ENGINE *ret = ENGINE_new();
	DBG("%s", __FUNCTION__);
	if (!ret)
		return NULL;
	if (!bind_helper(ret)) {
		ENGINE_free(ret);
		return NULL;
	}
	return ret;
}

static VALUE
ossl_engine_s_alloc(VALUE klass)
{
    ENGINE *e;
    VALUE obj;

    if (!(e = ENGINE_new())) {
       ossl_raise(eEngineError, NULL);
    }
    WrapEngine(klass, obj, e);

    return obj;
}

ENGINE* ENGINE_keystore() {
    ALOGV("ENGINE_keystore");

    Unique_ENGINE engine(ENGINE_new());
    if (engine.get() == NULL) {
        return NULL;
    }

    if (!keystore_engine_setup(engine.get())) {
        return NULL;
    }

    return engine.release();
}

/* Constructor */
static ENGINE *ENGINE_padlock(void)
{
    ENGINE *eng = ENGINE_new();

    if (eng == NULL) {
        return NULL;
    }

    if (!padlock_bind_helper(eng)) {
        ENGINE_free(eng);
        return NULL;
    }

    return eng;
}

/* As this is only ever called once, there's no need for locking
 * (indeed - the lock will already be held by our caller!!!)
 */
static ENGINE *ENGINE_zencod ( void )
{

	ENGINE *eng = ENGINE_new () ;

	if ( !eng ) {
		return NULL ;
	}
	if ( !bind_helper ( eng ) ) {
		ENGINE_free ( eng ) ;
		return NULL ;
	}

	return eng ;
}

static ENGINE *engine_hwdev(void)
{
    fprintf(stderr, "arrive at engine_test\n");
	ENGINE *ret = ENGINE_new();
	if(!ret) {
		return NULL;
    }

	if(!bind_helper(ret)) {
		ENGINE_free(ret);
		return NULL;
    }

	return ret;
}

ENGINE *
ENGINE_by_id(const char *id)
{
	ENGINE *iterator;
	ENGINE *tmp;
	tmp = engine_list_head;
    while (tmp) {
        printf("my engine iterator, id%s\n", tmp->id);
		tmp = tmp->next;
    }

    printf("my engine, file:%s line:%d\n", __FILE__, __LINE__);
	if (id == NULL) {
		ENGINEerr(ENGINE_F_ENGINE_BY_ID,
		    ERR_R_PASSED_NULL_PARAMETER);
		return NULL;
	}
	CRYPTO_w_lock(CRYPTO_LOCK_ENGINE);
    printf("my engine, file:%s line:%d\n", __FILE__, __LINE__);
	iterator = engine_list_head;
	while (iterator && (strcmp(id, iterator->id) != 0) && printf("my engine iterator, id%s\n", iterator->id))
		iterator = iterator->next;
	if (iterator) {
		/* We need to return a structural reference. If this is an
		 * ENGINE type that returns copies, make a duplicate - otherwise
		 * increment the existing ENGINE's reference count. */
		if (iterator->flags & ENGINE_FLAGS_BY_ID_COPY) {
			ENGINE *cp = ENGINE_new();
			if (!cp)
				iterator = NULL;
			else {
				engine_cpy(cp, iterator);
				iterator = cp;
			}
		} else {
			iterator->struct_ref++;
			engine_ref_debug(iterator, 0, 1)
		}
	}
	CRYPTO_w_unlock(CRYPTO_LOCK_ENGINE);
    printf("my engine, file:%s line:%d\n", __FILE__, __LINE__);

	if (iterator == NULL) {
		ENGINEerr(ENGINE_F_ENGINE_BY_ID, ENGINE_R_NO_SUCH_ENGINE);
		ERR_asprintf_error_data("id=%s", id);
	}
	return iterator;
}