/*
 * Encode an always-primitive type using DER.
 */
asn_enc_rval_t
der_encode_primitive(asn_TYPE_descriptor_t *td, void *sptr,
	int tag_mode, ber_tlv_tag_t tag,
	asn_app_consume_bytes_f *cb, void *app_key) {
	asn_enc_rval_t erval;
	ASN__PRIMITIVE_TYPE_t *st = (ASN__PRIMITIVE_TYPE_t *)sptr;

	ASN_DEBUG("%s %s as a primitive type (tm=%d)",
		cb?"Encoding":"Estimating", td->name, tag_mode);

	erval.encoded = der_write_tags(td, st->size, tag_mode, 0, tag,
		cb, app_key);
	ASN_DEBUG("%s wrote tags %d", td->name, (int)erval.encoded);
	if(erval.encoded == -1) {
		erval.failed_type = td;
		erval.structure_ptr = sptr;
		return erval;
	}

	if(cb && st->buf) {
		if(cb(st->buf, st->size, app_key) < 0) {
			erval.encoded = -1;
			erval.failed_type = td;
			erval.structure_ptr = sptr;
			return erval;
		}
	} else {
		assert(st->buf || st->size == 0);
	}

	erval.encoded += st->size;
	_ASN_ENCODED_OK(erval);
}

/*
 * Encode an "open type field".
 * #10.1, #10.2
 */
int
uper_open_type_put(asn_TYPE_descriptor_t *td, asn_per_constraints_t *constraints, void *sptr, asn_per_outp_t *po) {
	void *buf;
	void *bptr;
	ssize_t size;
	size_t toGo;

	ASN_DEBUG("Open type put %s ...", td->name);

	size = uper_encode_to_new_buffer(td, constraints, sptr, &buf);
	if(size <= 0) return -1;

	for(bptr = buf, toGo = size; toGo;) {
		ssize_t maySave = uper_put_length(po, toGo);
		ASN_DEBUG("Prepending length %d to %s and allowing to save %d",
			(int)size, td->name, (int)maySave);
		if(maySave < 0) break;
		if(per_put_many_bits(po, bptr, maySave * 8)) break;
		bptr = (char *)bptr + maySave;
		toGo -= maySave;
	}

	FREEMEM(buf);
	if(toGo) return -1;

	ASN_DEBUG("Open type put %s of length %ld + overhead (1byte?)",
		td->name, (long)size);

	return 0;
}

asn_dec_rval_t
NativeInteger_decode_aper(asn_codec_ctx_t *opt_codec_ctx,
	asn_TYPE_descriptor_t *td,
	asn_per_constraints_t *constraints, void **sptr, asn_per_data_t *pd) {

	asn_INTEGER_specifics_t *specs=(asn_INTEGER_specifics_t *)td->specifics;
	asn_dec_rval_t rval;
	long *native = (long *)*sptr;
	INTEGER_t tmpint;
	void *tmpintptr = &tmpint;

	(void)opt_codec_ctx;
	ASN_DEBUG("Decoding NativeInteger %s (APER)", td->name);

	if(!native) {
		native = (long *)(*sptr = CALLOC(1, sizeof(*native)));
		if(!native) _ASN_DECODE_FAILED;
	}

	memset(&tmpint, 0, sizeof tmpint);
	rval = INTEGER_decode_aper(opt_codec_ctx, td, constraints,
				   &tmpintptr, pd);
	if(rval.code == RC_OK) {
		if((specs&&specs->field_unsigned)
			? asn_INTEGER2ulong(&tmpint, (unsigned long *)native)
			: asn_INTEGER2long(&tmpint, native))
			rval.code = RC_FAIL;
		else
			ASN_DEBUG("NativeInteger %s got value %ld",
				td->name, *native);
	}
	ASN_STRUCT_FREE_CONTENTS_ONLY(asn_DEF_INTEGER, &tmpint);

	return rval;
}

asn_dec_rval_t
BOOLEAN_decode_ber(asn_codec_ctx_t *opt_codec_ctx,
		asn_TYPE_descriptor_t *td,
		void **bool_value, const void *buf_ptr, size_t size,
		int tag_mode) {
	_BOOLEANType *st = &static_cast<Type*>(static_cast<AsnAbstractType*>(*bool_value))->value;
	asn_dec_rval_t rval;
	ber_tlv_len_t length;
	ber_tlv_len_t lidx;

	if(st == NULL) {
      ASN_DEBUG("No allocated memory for BOOLEAN_decode_ber");
			rval.code = RC_FAIL;
			rval.consumed = 0;
			return rval;
	}

	ASN_DEBUG("Decoding %s as BOOLEAN (tm=%d)",
		td->name, tag_mode);

	/*
	 * Check tags.
	 */
	rval = ber_check_tags(opt_codec_ctx, td, 0, buf_ptr, size,
		tag_mode, 0, &length, 0);
	if(rval.code != RC_OK)
		return rval;

	ASN_DEBUG("Boolean length is %d bytes", (int)length);

	buf_ptr = ((const char *)buf_ptr) + rval.consumed;
	size -= rval.consumed;
	if(length > (ber_tlv_len_t)size) {
		rval.code = RC_WMORE;
		rval.consumed = 0;
		return rval;
	}

	/*
	 * Compute boolean value.
	 */
	for(*st = 0, lidx = 0;
		(lidx < length) && *st == 0; lidx++) {
		/*
		 * Very simple approach: read bytes until the end or
		 * value is already TRUE.
		 * BOOLEAN is not supposed to contain meaningful data anyway.
		 */
		*st |= ((const uint8_t *)buf_ptr)[lidx];
	}

	rval.code = RC_OK;
	rval.consumed += length;

	ASN_DEBUG("Took %ld/%ld bytes to encode %s, value=%d",
		(long)rval.consumed, (long)length,
		td->name, *st);
	
	return rval;
}

asn_dec_rval_t
NativeEnumerated_decode_uper(asn_codec_ctx_t *opt_codec_ctx,
	asn_TYPE_descriptor_t *td, asn_per_constraints_t *constraints,
	void **sptr, asn_per_data_t *pd) {
	asn_INTEGER_specifics_t *specs = (asn_INTEGER_specifics_t *)td->specifics;
	asn_dec_rval_t rval = { RC_OK, 0 };
	long *native = (long *)*sptr;
	asn_per_constraint_t *ct;
	long value;

	(void)opt_codec_ctx;

	if(constraints) ct = &constraints->value;
	else if(td->per_constraints) ct = &td->per_constraints->value;
	else _ASN_DECODE_FAILED;	/* Mandatory! */
	if(!specs) _ASN_DECODE_FAILED;

	if(!native) {
		native = (long *)(*sptr = CALLOC(1, sizeof(*native)));
		if(!native) _ASN_DECODE_FAILED;
	}

	ASN_DEBUG("Decoding %s as NativeEnumerated", td->name);

	if(ct->flags & APC_EXTENSIBLE) {
		int inext = per_get_few_bits(pd, 1);
		if(inext < 0) _ASN_DECODE_STARVED;
		if(inext) ct = 0;
	}

	if(ct && ct->range_bits >= 0) {
		value = per_get_few_bits(pd, ct->range_bits);
		if(value < 0) _ASN_DECODE_STARVED;
		if(value >= (specs->extension
			? specs->extension - 1 : specs->map_count))
			_ASN_DECODE_FAILED;
	} else {
		if(!specs->extension)
			_ASN_DECODE_FAILED;
		/*
		 * X.691, #10.6: normally small non-negative whole number;
		 */
		value = uper_get_nsnnwn(pd);
		if(value < 0) _ASN_DECODE_STARVED;
		value += specs->extension - 1;
		if(value >= specs->map_count)
			_ASN_DECODE_FAILED;
	}

	*native = specs->value2enum[value].nat_value;
	ASN_DEBUG("Decoded %s = %ld", td->name, *native);

	return rval;
}

asn_enc_rval_t
NativeInteger_encode_aper(
	asn_TYPE_descriptor_t *td,
	asn_per_constraints_t *constraints, void *sptr, asn_per_outp_t *po) {

	asn_INTEGER_specifics_t *specs=(asn_INTEGER_specifics_t *)td->specifics;
	asn_enc_rval_t er;
	long native;
	INTEGER_t tmpint;

	if(!sptr) _ASN_ENCODE_FAILED;

	native = *(long *)sptr;

	ASN_DEBUG("Encoding NativeInteger %s %ld (APER)", td->name, native);

	memset(&tmpint, 0, sizeof(tmpint));
	if((specs&&specs->field_unsigned)
		? asn_ulong2INTEGER(&tmpint, native)
		: asn_long2INTEGER(&tmpint, native))
		_ASN_ENCODE_FAILED;
	er = INTEGER_encode_aper(td, constraints, &tmpint, po);
	ASN_STRUCT_FREE_CONTENTS_ONLY(asn_DEF_INTEGER, &tmpint);
	return er;
}

void
SEQUENCE_free(Allocator * allocator, asn_TYPE_descriptor_t *td, void *sptr, int contents_only) {
	int edx;

	if(!td || !sptr)
		return;

	ASN_DEBUG("Freeing %s as SEQUENCE", td->name);

	for(edx = 0; edx < td->elements_count; edx++) {
		asn_TYPE_member_t *elm = &td->elements[edx];
		void *memb_ptr;
		if(elm->flags & ATF_POINTER) {
			memb_ptr = *(void **)((char *)sptr + elm->memb_offset);
			if(memb_ptr)
				ASN_STRUCT_FREE(allocator, *elm->type, memb_ptr);
		} else {
			memb_ptr = (void *)((char *)sptr + elm->memb_offset);
			ASN_STRUCT_FREE_CONTENTS_ONLY(allocator, *elm->type, memb_ptr);
		}
	}

	if(!contents_only) {
		CXX_ALLOC_WRAP FREEMEM(sptr);
	}
}

/*
 * A variant of the oer_encode() which encodes the data into the provided buffer
 */
asn_enc_rval_t
oer_encode_to_buffer(const asn_TYPE_descriptor_t *type_descriptor,
                     const asn_oer_constraints_t *constraints,
                     const void *struct_ptr, /* Structure to be encoded */
                     void *buffer,           /* Pre-allocated buffer */
                     size_t buffer_size      /* Initial buffer size (maximum) */
) {
    enc_to_buf_arg arg;
    asn_enc_rval_t ec;

    arg.buffer = buffer;
    arg.left = buffer_size;

    if(type_descriptor->op->oer_encoder == NULL) {
        ec.encoded = -1;
        ec.failed_type = type_descriptor;
        ec.structure_ptr = struct_ptr;
        ASN_DEBUG("OER encoder is not defined for %s",
                type_descriptor->name);
    } else {
        ec = type_descriptor->op->oer_encoder(
            type_descriptor, constraints,
            struct_ptr, /* Pointer to the destination structure */
            encode_to_buffer_cb, &arg);
        if(ec.encoded != -1) {
            assert(ec.encoded == (ssize_t)(buffer_size - arg.left));
            /* Return the encoded contents size */
        }
    }
    return ec;
}

asn_enc_rval_t
oer_encode_primitive(const asn_TYPE_descriptor_t *td,
                     const asn_oer_constraints_t *constraints, const void *sptr,
                     asn_app_consume_bytes_f *cb, void *app_key) {
    const ASN__PRIMITIVE_TYPE_t *st = (const ASN__PRIMITIVE_TYPE_t *)sptr;
    asn_enc_rval_t er = {0, 0, 0};
    ssize_t ret;

    (void)constraints;

    if(!st) ASN__ENCODE_FAILED;

    ASN_DEBUG("Encoding %s (%" ASN_PRI_SIZE " bytes)", td ? td->name : "", st->size);

    /*
     * X.696 (08/2015) #27.2
     */
    ret = oer_serialize_length(st->size, cb, app_key);
    if(ret < 0) {
        ASN__ENCODE_FAILED;
    }
    er.encoded += ret;

    er.encoded += st->size;
    if(cb(st->buf, st->size, app_key) < 0) {
        ASN__ENCODE_FAILED;
    } else {
        ASN__ENCODED_OK(er);
    }
}

asn_dec_rval_t
BOOLEAN_decode_uper(asn_codec_ctx_t *opt_codec_ctx, asn_TYPE_descriptor_t *td,
	asn_per_constraints_t *constraints, void **sptr, asn_per_data_t *pd) {
	asn_dec_rval_t rv;
	BOOLEAN_t *st = (BOOLEAN_t *)*sptr;

	(void)opt_codec_ctx;
	(void)constraints;

	if(!st) {
		st = (BOOLEAN_t *)(*sptr = MALLOC(sizeof(*st)));
		if(!st) ASN__DECODE_FAILED;
	}

	/*
	 * Extract a single bit
	 */
	switch(per_get_few_bits(pd, 1)) {
	case 1: *st = 1; break;
	case 0: *st = 0; break;
	case -1: default: ASN__DECODE_STARVED;
	}

	ASN_DEBUG("%s decoded as %s", td->name, *st ? "TRUE" : "FALSE");

	rv.code = RC_OK;
	rv.consumed = 1;
	return rv;
}

asn_encode_to_new_buffer_result_t
asn_encode_to_new_buffer(const asn_codec_ctx_t *opt_codec_ctx,
                         enum asn_transfer_syntax syntax,
                         const asn_TYPE_descriptor_t *td, const void *sptr) {
    struct dynamic_encoder_key buf_key;
    asn_encode_to_new_buffer_result_t res;

    buf_key.buffer_size = 16;
    buf_key.buffer = MALLOC(buf_key.buffer_size);
    buf_key.computed_size = 0;

    res.result = asn_encode_internal(opt_codec_ctx, syntax, td, sptr,
                                     dynamic_encoder_cb, &buf_key);

    if(res.result.encoded >= 0
       && (size_t)res.result.encoded != buf_key.computed_size) {
        ASN_DEBUG("asn_encode() returned %" ASN_PRI_SSIZE
                  " yet produced %" ASN_PRI_SIZE " bytes",
                  res.result.encoded, buf_key.computed_size);
        assert(res.result.encoded < 0
               || (size_t)res.result.encoded == buf_key.computed_size);
    }

    res.buffer = buf_key.buffer;

    /* 0-terminate just in case. */
    if(res.buffer) {
        assert(buf_key.computed_size < buf_key.buffer_size);
        ((char *)res.buffer)[buf_key.computed_size] = '\0';
    }

    return res;
}

asn_enc_rval_t
asn_encode_to_buffer(const asn_codec_ctx_t *opt_codec_ctx,
                     enum asn_transfer_syntax syntax,
                     const asn_TYPE_descriptor_t *td, const void *sptr,
                     void *buffer, size_t buffer_size) {
    struct overrun_encoder_key buf_key;
    asn_enc_rval_t er;

    if(buffer_size > 0 && !buffer) {
        errno = EINVAL;
        ASN__ENCODE_FAILED;
    }

    buf_key.buffer = buffer;
    buf_key.buffer_size = buffer_size;
    buf_key.computed_size = 0;

    er = asn_encode_internal(opt_codec_ctx, syntax, td, sptr,
                             overrun_encoder_cb, &buf_key);

    if(er.encoded >= 0 && (size_t)er.encoded != buf_key.computed_size) {
        ASN_DEBUG("asn_encode() returned %" ASN_PRI_SSIZE
                  " yet produced %" ASN_PRI_SIZE " bytes",
                  er.encoded, buf_key.computed_size);
        assert(er.encoded < 0 || (size_t)er.encoded == buf_key.computed_size);
    }

    return er;
}

asn_enc_rval_t
NativeEnumerated_encode_xer(asn_TYPE_descriptor_t *td, void *sptr,
        int ilevel, enum xer_encoder_flags_e flags,
                asn_app_consume_bytes_f *cb, void *app_key) {
	asn_INTEGER_specifics_t *specs=(asn_INTEGER_specifics_t *)td->specifics;
        asn_enc_rval_t er;
        const long *native = (const long *)sptr;
	const asn_INTEGER_enum_map_t *el;

        (void)ilevel;
        (void)flags;

        if(!native) _ASN_ENCODE_FAILED;

	el = INTEGER_map_value2enum(specs, *native);
	if(el) {
		size_t srcsize = el->enum_len + 5;
		char *src = (char *)alloca(srcsize);

		er.encoded = snprintf(src, srcsize, "<%s/>", el->enum_name);
		assert(er.encoded > 0 && (size_t)er.encoded < srcsize);
		if(cb(src, er.encoded, app_key) < 0) _ASN_ENCODE_FAILED;
		_ASN_ENCODED_OK(er);
	} else {
		ASN_DEBUG("ASN.1 forbids dealing with "
			"unknown value of ENUMERATED type");
		_ASN_ENCODE_FAILED;
	}
}

/*
 * X.691-201508 #10.9 General rules for encoding a length determinant.
 * Get the optionally constrained length "n" from the stream.
 */
ssize_t
uper_get_length(asn_per_data_t *pd, int ebits, size_t lower_bound,
                int *repeat) {
    ssize_t value;

    *repeat = 0;

    /* #11.9.4.1 Encoding if constrained (according to effective bits) */
    if(ebits >= 0 && ebits <= 16) {
        value = per_get_few_bits(pd, ebits);
        if(value >= 0) value += lower_bound;
        return value;
    }

	value = per_get_few_bits(pd, 8);
    if((value & 0x80) == 0) { /* #11.9.3.6 */
        return (value & 0x7F);
    } else if((value & 0x40) == 0) { /* #11.9.3.7 */
        /* bit 8 ... set to 1 and bit 7 ... set to zero */
        value = ((value & 0x3f) << 8) | per_get_few_bits(pd, 8);
        return value; /* potential -1 from per_get_few_bits passes through. */
    } else if(value < 0) {
        ASN_DEBUG("END of stream reached for PER");
        return -1;
    }
    value &= 0x3f; /* this is "m" from X.691, #11.9.3.8 */
    if(value < 1 || value > 4) {
        return -1; /* Prohibited by #11.9.3.8 */
    }
    *repeat = 1;
    return (16384 * value);
}

xer_check_tag_e
xer_check_tag(const void *buf_ptr, int size, const char *need_tag) {
	const char *buf = (const char *)buf_ptr;
	const char *end;
	xer_check_tag_e ct = XCT_OPENING;

	if(size < 2 || buf[0] != LANGLE || buf[size-1] != RANGLE) {
		if(size >= 2)
			ASN_DEBUG("Broken XML tag: \"%c...%c\"",
			buf[0], buf[size - 1]);
		return XCT_BROKEN;
	}

	/*
	 * Determine the tag class.
	 */
	if(buf[1] == CSLASH) {
		buf += 2;	/* advance past "</" */
		size -= 3;	/* strip "</" and ">" */
		ct = XCT_CLOSING;
		if(size > 0 && buf[size-1] == CSLASH)
			return XCT_BROKEN;	/* </abc/> */
	} else {
		buf++;		/* advance past "<" */
		size -= 2;	/* strip "<" and ">" */
		if(size > 0 && buf[size-1] == CSLASH) {
			ct = XCT_BOTH;
			size--;	/* One more, for "/" */
		}
	}

	/* Sometimes we don't care about the tag */
	if(!need_tag || !*need_tag)
		return (xer_check_tag_e)(XCT__UNK__MASK | ct);

	/*
	 * Determine the tag name.
	 */
	for(end = buf + size; buf < end; buf++, need_tag++) {
		int b = *buf, n = *need_tag;
		if(b != n) {
			if(n == 0) {
				switch(b) {
				case 0x09: case 0x0a: case 0x0c: case 0x0d:
				case 0x20:
					/* "<abc def/>": whitespace is normal */
					return ct;
				}
			}
			return (xer_check_tag_e)(XCT__UNK__MASK | ct);
		}
		if(b == 0)
			return XCT_BROKEN;	/* Embedded 0 in buf?! */
	}
	if(*need_tag)
		return (xer_check_tag_e)(XCT__UNK__MASK | ct);

	return ct;
}

asn_dec_rval_t
SEQUENCE_decode_uper(Allocator * allocator, asn_codec_ctx_t *opt_codec_ctx, asn_TYPE_descriptor_t *td,
	asn_per_constraints_t *constraints, void **sptr, asn_per_data_t *pd) {
	asn_SEQUENCE_specifics_t *specs = (asn_SEQUENCE_specifics_t *)td->specifics;
	void *st = *sptr;	/* Target structure. */
	int extpresent;		/* Extension additions are present */
	uint8_t *opres;		/* Presence of optional root members */
	asn_per_data_t opmd;
	asn_dec_rval_t rv;
	int edx;

	(void)constraints;

	if(_ASN_STACK_OVERFLOW_CHECK(opt_codec_ctx))
		_ASN_DECODE_FAILED;

	if(!st) {
		st = *sptr = CXX_ALLOC_WRAP CALLOC(1, specs->struct_size);
		if(!st) _ASN_DECODE_FAILED;
	}

	ASN_DEBUG("Decoding %s as SEQUENCE (UPER)", td->name);

	/* Handle extensions */
	if(specs->ext_before >= 0) {
		extpresent = per_get_few_bits(pd, 1);
		if(extpresent < 0) _ASN_DECODE_STARVED;
	} else {
		extpresent = 0;
	}

	/* Prepare a place and read-in the presence bitmap */
	memset(&opmd, 0, sizeof(opmd));
	if(specs->roms_count) {
		opres = (uint8_t *)CXX_ALLOC_WRAP MALLOC(((specs->roms_count + 7) >> 3) + 1);
		if(!opres) _ASN_DECODE_FAILED;
		/* Get the presence map */
		if(per_get_many_bits(pd, opres, 0, specs->roms_count)) {
			CXX_ALLOC_WRAP FREEMEM(opres);
			_ASN_DECODE_STARVED;
		}
		opmd.buffer = opres;
		opmd.nbits = specs->roms_count;
		ASN_DEBUG("Read in presence bitmap for %s of %d bits (%x..)",
			td->name, specs->roms_count, *opres);
	} else {

/*
 * Get the normally small length "n".
 * This procedure used to decode length of extensions bit-maps
 * for SET and SEQUENCE types.
 */
ssize_t
uper_get_nslength(asn_per_data_t *pd) {
	ssize_t length;

	ASN_DEBUG("Getting normally small length");

	if(per_get_few_bits(pd, 1) == 0) {
		length = per_get_few_bits(pd, 6) + 1;
		if(length <= 0) return -1;
		ASN_DEBUG("l=%d", (int)length);
		return length;
	} else {
		int repeat;
		length = uper_get_length(pd, -1, 0, &repeat);
		if(length >= 0 && !repeat) return length;
		return -1; /* Error, or do not support >16K extensions */
	}
}

/*
 * Encode INTEGER type using DER.
 */
asn_enc_rval_t
INTEGER_encode_der(asn_TYPE_descriptor_t *td, void *sptr,
	int tag_mode, ber_tlv_tag_t tag,
	asn_app_consume_bytes_f *cb, void *app_key) {
	INTEGER_t *st = (INTEGER_t *)sptr;

	ASN_DEBUG("%s %s as INTEGER (tm=%d)",
		cb?"Encoding":"Estimating", td->name, tag_mode);

	/*
	 * Canonicalize integer in the buffer.
	 * (Remove too long sign extension, remove some first 0x00 bytes)
	 */
	if(st->buf) {
		uint8_t *buf = st->buf;
		uint8_t *end1 = buf + st->size - 1;
		int shift;

		/* Compute the number of superfluous leading bytes */
		for(; buf < end1; buf++) {
			/*
			 * If the contents octets of an integer value encoding
			 * consist of more than one octet, then the bits of the
			 * first octet and bit 8 of the second octet:
			 * a) shall not all be ones; and
			 * b) shall not all be zero.
			 */
			switch(*buf) {
			case 0x00: if((buf[1] & 0x80) == 0)
					continue;
				break;
			case 0xff: if((buf[1] & 0x80))
					continue;
				break;
			}
			break;
		}

		/* Remove leading superfluous bytes from the integer */
		shift = buf - st->buf;
		if(shift) {
			uint8_t *nb = st->buf;
			uint8_t *end;

			st->size -= shift;	/* New size, minus bad bytes */
			end = nb + st->size;

			for(; nb < end; nb++, buf++)
				*nb = *buf;
		}

	} /* if(1) */

	return der_encode_primitive(td, sptr, tag_mode, tag, cb, app_key);
}

void
NativeReal_free(asn_TYPE_descriptor_t *td, void *ptr, int contents_only) {

	if(!td || !ptr)
		return;

	ASN_DEBUG("Freeing %s as REAL (%d, %p, Native)",
		td->name, contents_only, ptr);

	if(!contents_only) {
		FREEMEM(ptr);
	}
}

/*
 * The OER encoder of any type.
 */
asn_enc_rval_t
oer_encode(const asn_TYPE_descriptor_t *type_descriptor, const void *struct_ptr,
           asn_app_consume_bytes_f *consume_bytes, void *app_key) {
    ASN_DEBUG("OER encoder invoked for %s", type_descriptor->name);

    /*
     * Invoke type-specific encoder.
     */
    return type_descriptor->op->oer_encoder(
        type_descriptor, 0,
        struct_ptr, /* Pointer to the destination structure */
        consume_bytes, app_key);
}