std::shared_ptr<Response> request(const std::string& request_type, const std::string& path, std::iostream& content,
      const std::map<std::string, std::string>& header = std::map<std::string, std::string>()) {
      std::string corrected_path = path;
      if (corrected_path == "")
        corrected_path = "/";

      content.seekp(0, std::ios::end);
      auto content_length = content.tellp();
      content.seekp(0, std::ios::beg);

      boost::asio::streambuf write_buffer;
      std::ostream write_stream(&write_buffer);
      write_stream << request_type << " " << corrected_path << " HTTP/1.1\r\n";
      write_stream << "Host: " << host << "\r\n";
      for (auto& h : header) {
        write_stream << h.first << ": " << h.second << "\r\n";
      }
      if (content_length>0)
        write_stream << "Content-Length: " << content_length << "\r\n";
      write_stream << "\r\n";
      if (content_length>0)
        write_stream << content.rdbuf();

      try {
        connect();

        boost::asio::write(*socket, write_buffer);
      }
      catch (const std::exception& e) {
        socket_error = true;
        throw std::invalid_argument(e.what());
      }

      return request_read();
    }

void	Client::setResponseContentLength(Transaction& trans, std::iostream& os)
{
  os.seekg(0, std::ios::end);
  int os_length = os.tellg();
  os_length--;
  os.seekg(0, std::ios::beg);
  trans.getResponse().getHeaders().setValue("CONTENT-LENGTH", inttostr(os_length));
}

void SkillLevelEvent::save( std::iostream& ios )
{

    Event::save(ios);

    // Save bonus
    ios.write( (char*) &bonus, sizeof( bonus ) );

    // Save skill
    ios.write( (char*) &skill, sizeof( skill ) );
}

SkillLevelEvent::SkillLevelEvent( std::iostream& ios )
    :   Event(ios)
{

    // Read bonus
    ios.read( (char*) &bonus, sizeof( bonus ) );

    // Read skill
    ios.read( (char*) &skill, sizeof( skill ) );


}

void Ammo::toFile( std::iostream& outFile )
{

    // Write Item base information:
    Item::toFile( outFile );

    // Write char form
    outFile.write( (char*) &form, sizeof(form) );

    // Write bool fired
    outFile.write( (char*) &fired, sizeof(fired) );

}

Ammo::Ammo( std::iostream& inFile, TargetValue* TVP )
// Read Item base information:
    : Item (inFile, TVP)
{

    // Read char form
    inFile.read( (char*) &form, sizeof(form) );

    // Read bool fired
    inFile.read( (char*) &fired, sizeof(fired) );


}

void FillStream(std::iostream& strm, RawData& expression)
{
	static const std::string s_smallExpression("0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz");
	static const int iterationsCount = 10;

	for (int i = 0; i < iterationsCount; ++i)
	{
		strm << s_smallExpression;
	}
	size_t expressionSize = iterationsCount * s_smallExpression.size();
	expression.resize(expressionSize);
	strm.read(reinterpret_cast<char*>(&expression[0]), expressionSize);
	strm.seekg(0);
}

gzstream::gzstream( std::iostream & strm,
                    unsigned int buffer_size )
    : std::iostream( static_cast< std::streambuf * >( 0 ) )
    , M_gzstreambuf( *(strm.rdbuf()), buffer_size )
{
    this->init( &M_gzstreambuf );
}

Event::Event( std::iostream& ios )
{

    ios.read( (char*) &time, sizeof(time) );

    Timeline::add( this );
}

 void _serialize(std::iostream &fs, serialization_context &context) {
   assert(target > 0);
   assert(context.ss.objects.count(target) > 0);
   fs << target << " ";
   target = 0;
   assert(fs.good());
   context.is_leaf = false;
 }

void grab_content(const char* file_name, std::iostream& in) {

	parser p(file_name);

	interpreter_DAG ipt(p.get_problem_representation(), in);

	if (!in.good())
		error("unexpected error");
}

Fluid::Fluid( std::iostream& inFile, TargetValue* TVP )
// Read Item base information:
    : Item (inFile, TVP)
{

    // Read materialClass f_material
    inFile.read( (char*) &f_material, sizeof(f_material) );


}

void readExactly(size_t toread, std::iostream& result)
{
  size_t hasread = 0;
  while(toread > hasread && std::cin.good()) {
    char a[1];
    std::cin.read(a,1);
    result.write(a,1);
    hasread++;
  }
}

void Fluid::toFile( std::iostream& outFile )
{

    // Write Item base information:
    Item::toFile( outFile );

    // Write materialClass f_material
    outFile.write( (char*) &f_material, sizeof(f_material) );

}

/*!

*/
gzfilterstream::gzfilterstream( std::iostream & strm,
                                int level,
                                std::size_t buf_size )
    : std::iostream( static_cast< std::streambuf* >( 0 ) )
    , M_filter_buf( *(strm.rdbuf()), level, buf_size )

{
    // std::basic_ios::init( basic_streambuf<charT,traits>* sb );
    this->init( &M_filter_buf );
}

 void _deserialize(std::iostream &fs, serialization_context &context) {
   assert(target == 0);
   ss = &context.ss;
   fs >> target;
   assert(fs.good());
   assert(context.ss.objects.count(target) > 0);
   // We just created a new reference to this object and
   // invalidated the on-disk reference, so the total refcount
   // stays the same.
 }

void ResourceManager::loadFile(const std::string& fileName, std::iostream& out)
{
    out.clear(std::ios::goodbit);
    if(m_hasSearchPath) {
        std::string fullPath = resolvePath(fileName);
        PHYSFS_file* file = PHYSFS_openRead(fullPath.c_str());
        if(!file) {
            out.clear(std::ios::failbit);
            stdext::throw_exception(stdext::format("failed to load file '%s': %s", fullPath.c_str(), PHYSFS_getLastError()));
        } else {
            int fileSize = PHYSFS_fileLength(file);
            if(fileSize > 0) {
                std::vector<char> buffer(fileSize);
                PHYSFS_read(file, (void*)&buffer[0], 1, fileSize);
                out.write(&buffer[0], fileSize);
            } else
                out.clear(std::ios::eofbit);
            PHYSFS_close(file);
            out.seekg(0, std::ios::beg);
        }
    } else {
        std::ifstream fin(fileName);
        if(!fin) {
            out.clear(std::ios::failbit);
            stdext::throw_exception(stdext::format("failed to load file '%s': %s", fileName.c_str(), PHYSFS_getLastError()));
        } else {
            out << fin.rdbuf();
        }
    }
}

//~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
//
void MLRLookUpLight::Save(std::iostream stream)
{
	// Check_Object(this);
	Check_Object(stream);
	MLRInfiniteLight::Save(stream);
	*stream << mapOrigin;
	*stream << mapZoneCountX << mapZoneCountZ;
	*stream << zoneSizeX << zoneSizeZ;
	*stream << mapName;
	for (size_t i = 0; i < mapZoneCountX * mapZoneCountZ; i++)
	{
		stream->WriteBytes(maps[i], 256 * 256);
	}
}

std::string StringUtilities::GetAsString(std::iostream& i_stream)
{
	int length;
	char* p_buffer;
	
	// get length of file:
	i_stream.seekg (0, std::iostream::end);
	length = static_cast<int>(i_stream.tellg());
	i_stream.seekg (0, std::iostream::beg);

	// allocate memory:
	p_buffer = new char [length];
	//write file
	int pos = 0;
	while(i_stream.good())
	{
		p_buffer[pos] = i_stream.get();
		++pos;
	}

	std::string out(p_buffer, pos);
	delete[] p_buffer;
	return out;
}

template<class Key, class Value> void serialize(std::iostream &fs,
						serialization_context &context,
						std::map<Key, Value> &mp)
{
  fs << "map " << mp.size() << " {" << std::endl;
  assert(fs.good());
  for (auto it = mp.begin(); it != mp.end(); ++it) {
    fs << "  ";
    serialize(fs, context, it->first);
    fs << " -> ";
    serialize(fs, context, it->second);
    fs << std::endl;
  }
  fs << "}" << std::endl;
}