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Docker images for the Selenium Grid Server

The project is made possible by volunteer contributors who have put in thousands of hours of their own time, and made the source code freely available under the Apache License 2.0.

These Docker images come with a handful of tags to simplify its usage, have a look at them in one of our releases.

To get notifications of new releases, add yourself as a "Releases only" watcher.

These images are published to the Docker Hub registry at Selenium Docker Hub.

Community

Do you need help to use these Docker images? Talk to us at https://www.selenium.dev/support/

Contents

• Quick start
• Experimental Mult-Arch aarch64/armhf/amd64 Images
• Execution modes
  • Standalone
  • Hub and Nodes
    • Docker networking
    • Using different machines/VMs
    • Docker Compose
  • Fully distributed mode - Router, Queue, Distributor, EventBus, SessionMap and Nodes
• Video recording
• Dynamic Grid
  • Configuration example
  • Execution with Hub & Node roles
  • Execution with Standalone roles
  • Using Dynamic Grid in different machines/VMs
  • Execution with Docker Compose
  • Video recording, screen resolution, and time zones in a Dynamic Grid
• Kubernetes
• Configuring the containers
  • SE_OPTS Selenium Configuration Options
  • JAVA_OPTS Java Environment Options
  • Node configuration options
  • Setting Screen Resolution
  • Grid Url and Session Timeout
  • Session request timeout
  • Increasing session concurrency per container
  • Running in Headless mode
• Building the images
• Waiting for the Grid to be ready
• Debugging
• Install cerificates for Chromium based browsers
• Troubleshooting

Quick start

1. Start a Docker container with Firefox

docker run -d -p 4444:4444 -p 7900:7900 --shm-size="2g" selenium/standalone-firefox:4.2.1-20220531

2. Point your WebDriver tests to http://localhost:4444

3. That's it!

4. (Optional) To see what is happening inside the container, head to http://localhost:7900 (password is secret).

More details about visualising the container activity, check the Debugging section.

☝️ When executing docker run for an image that contains a browser please use the flag --shm-size=2g to use the host's shared memory.

☝️ Always use a Docker image with a full tag to pin a specific browser and Grid version. See Tagging Conventions for details.

Experimental Mult-Arch aarch64/armhf/amd64 Images

For experimental docker container images, which run on platforms such as the Mac M1 or Raspberry Pi, see the community driven repository hosted at seleniumhq-community/docker-seleniarm. These images are built for three separate architectures: linux/arm64 (aarch64), linux/arm/v7 (armhf), and linux/amd64.

Furthermore, these experimental container images are published on Seleniarm Docker Hub registry.

See issue #1076 for more information on these images.

If you're working on an Intel or AMD64 architecture, we recommend using the container images in this repository (SeleniumHQ/docker-selenium) instead of the experimental ones.

Execution modes

Standalone

Firefox

docker run -d -p 4444:4444 --shm-size="2g" selenium/standalone-firefox:4.2.1-20220531

Chrome

docker run -d -p 4444:4444 --shm-size="2g" selenium/standalone-chrome:4.2.1-20220531

Edge

docker run -d -p 4444:4444 --shm-size="2g" selenium/standalone-edge:4.2.1-20220531

Note: Only one Standalone container can run on port 4444 at the same time.

Hub and Nodes

There are different ways to run the images and create a Grid with a Hub and Nodes, check the following options.

Docker networking

The Hub and Nodes will be created in the same network and they will recognize each other by their container name. A Docker network needs to be created as a first step.

macOS/Linux

$ docker network create grid
$ docker run -d -p 4442-4444:4442-4444 --net grid --name selenium-hub selenium/hub:4.2.1-20220531
$ docker run -d --net grid -e SE_EVENT_BUS_HOST=selenium-hub \
    --shm-size="2g" \
    -e SE_EVENT_BUS_PUBLISH_PORT=4442 \
    -e SE_EVENT_BUS_SUBSCRIBE_PORT=4443 \
    selenium/node-chrome:4.2.1-20220531
$ docker run -d --net grid -e SE_EVENT_BUS_HOST=selenium-hub \
    --shm-size="2g" \
    -e SE_EVENT_BUS_PUBLISH_PORT=4442 \
    -e SE_EVENT_BUS_SUBSCRIBE_PORT=4443 \
    selenium/node-edge:4.2.1-20220531
$ docker run -d --net grid -e SE_EVENT_BUS_HOST=selenium-hub \
    --shm-size="2g" \
    -e SE_EVENT_BUS_PUBLISH_PORT=4442 \
    -e SE_EVENT_BUS_SUBSCRIBE_PORT=4443 \
    selenium/node-firefox:4.2.1-20220531

Windows PowerShell

$ docker network create grid
$ docker run -d -p 4442-4444:4442-4444 --net grid --name selenium-hub selenium/hub:4.2.1-20220531
$ docker run -d --net grid -e SE_EVENT_BUS_HOST=selenium-hub `
    --shm-size="2g" `
    -e SE_EVENT_BUS_PUBLISH_PORT=4442 `
    -e SE_EVENT_BUS_SUBSCRIBE_PORT=4443 `
    selenium/node-chrome:4.2.1-20220531
$ docker run -d --net grid -e SE_EVENT_BUS_HOST=selenium-hub `
    --shm-size="2g" `
    -e SE_EVENT_BUS_PUBLISH_PORT=4442 `
    -e SE_EVENT_BUS_SUBSCRIBE_PORT=4443 `
    selenium/node-edge:4.2.1-20220531
$ docker run -d --net grid -e SE_EVENT_BUS_HOST=selenium-hub `
    --shm-size="2g" `
    -e SE_EVENT_BUS_PUBLISH_PORT=4442 `
    -e SE_EVENT_BUS_SUBSCRIBE_PORT=4443 `
    selenium/node-firefox:4.2.1-20220531

When you are done using the Grid, and the containers have exited, the network can be removed with the following command:

# Removes the grid network
$ docker network rm grid

Using different machines/VMs

The Hub and Nodes will be created on different machines/VMs, they need to know each other's IPs to communicate properly. If more than one node will be running on the same Machine/VM, they must be configured to expose different ports.

Hub - Machine/VM 1

$ docker run -d -p 4442-4444:4442-4444 --name selenium-hub selenium/hub:4.2.1-20220531

Node Chrome - Machine/VM 2

macOS/Linux

$ docker run -d -p 5555:5555 \
    --shm-size="2g" \
    -e SE_EVENT_BUS_HOST=<ip-from-machine-1> \
    -e SE_EVENT_BUS_PUBLISH_PORT=4442 \
    -e SE_EVENT_BUS_SUBSCRIBE_PORT=4443 \
    -e SE_NODE_HOST=<ip-from-machine-2> \
    selenium/node-chrome:4.2.1-20220531

Windows PowerShell

$ docker run -d -p 5555:5555 `
    --shm-size="2g" `
    -e SE_EVENT_BUS_HOST=<ip-from-machine-1> `
    -e SE_EVENT_BUS_PUBLISH_PORT=4442 `
    -e SE_EVENT_BUS_SUBSCRIBE_PORT=4443 `
    -e SE_NODE_HOST=<ip-from-machine-2> `
    selenium/node-chrome:4.2.1-20220531

Node Edge - Machine/VM 3

macOS/Linux

$ docker run -d -p 5555:5555 \
    --shm-size="2g" \
    -e SE_EVENT_BUS_HOST=<ip-from-machine-1> \
    -e SE_EVENT_BUS_PUBLISH_PORT=4442 \
    -e SE_EVENT_BUS_SUBSCRIBE_PORT=4443 \
    -e SE_NODE_HOST=<ip-from-machine-3> \
    selenium/node-edge:4.2.1-20220531

Windows PowerShell

$ docker run -d -p 5555:5555 `
    --shm-size="2g" `
    -e SE_EVENT_BUS_HOST=<ip-from-machine-1> `
    -e SE_EVENT_BUS_PUBLISH_PORT=4442 `
    -e SE_EVENT_BUS_SUBSCRIBE_PORT=4443 `
    -e SE_NODE_HOST=<ip-from-machine-3> `
    selenium/node-edge:4.2.1-20220531

Node Firefox - Machine/VM 4

macOS/Linux

$ docker run -d -p 5555:5555 \
    --shm-size="2g" \
    -e SE_EVENT_BUS_HOST=<ip-from-machine-1> \
    -e SE_EVENT_BUS_PUBLISH_PORT=4442 \
    -e SE_EVENT_BUS_SUBSCRIBE_PORT=4443 \
    -e SE_NODE_HOST=<ip-from-machine-4> \
    selenium/node-firefox:4.2.1-20220531

Windows PowerShell

$ docker run -d -p 5555:5555 `
    --shm-size="2g" `
    -e SE_EVENT_BUS_HOST=<ip-from-machine-1> `
    -e SE_EVENT_BUS_PUBLISH_PORT=4442 `
    -e SE_EVENT_BUS_SUBSCRIBE_PORT=4443 `
    -e SE_NODE_HOST=<ip-from-machine-4> `
    selenium/node-firefox:4.2.1-20220531

Node Chrome - Machine/VM 4

macOS/Linux

$ docker run -d -p 5556:5556 \
    --shm-size="2g" \
    -e SE_EVENT_BUS_HOST=<ip-from-machine-1> \
    -e SE_EVENT_BUS_PUBLISH_PORT=4442 \
    -e SE_EVENT_BUS_SUBSCRIBE_PORT=4443 \
    -e SE_NODE_HOST=<ip-from-machine-4> \
    -e SE_NODE_PORT=5556 \
    selenium/node-chrome:4.2.1-20220531

Windows PowerShell

$ docker run -d -p 5556:5556 `
    --shm-size="2g" `
    -e SE_EVENT_BUS_HOST=<ip-from-machine-1> `
    -e SE_EVENT_BUS_PUBLISH_PORT=4442 `
    -e SE_EVENT_BUS_SUBSCRIBE_PORT=4443 `
    -e SE_NODE_HOST=<ip-from-machine-4> `
    -e SE_NODE_PORT=5556 `
    selenium/node-chrome:4.2.1-20220531

Docker Compose

Docker Compose is the simplest way to start a Grid. Use the linked resources below, save them locally, and check the execution instructions on top of each file.

Version 2

docker-compose-v2.yml

Version 3

docker-compose-v3.yml

To stop the Grid and cleanup the created containers, run docker-compose down.

Version 3 with Swarm support

docker-compose-v3-swarm.yml

Fully distributed mode - Router, Queue, Distributor, EventBus, SessionMap and Nodes

It is possible to start a Selenium Grid with all its components apart. For simplicity, only an example with docker-compose will be provided. Save the file locally, and check the execution instructions on top of it.

docker-compose-v3-full-grid.yml

Video recording

Tests execution can be recorded by using the selenium/video:ffmpeg-4.3.1-20220531 Docker image. One container is needed per each container where a browser is running. This means if you are running 5 Nodes/Standalone containers, you will need 5 video containers, the mapping is 1-1.

Currently, the only way to do this mapping is manually (either starting the containers manually, or through docker-compose). We are iterating on this process and probably this setup will be more simple in the future.

The video Docker image we provide is based on the ffmpeg Ubuntu image provided by the jrottenberg/ffmpeg project, thank you for providing this image and simplifying our work