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学习是使用asp.net已经有很长一段时间了,现在就来分析一下mvc的整过过程吧。个人计划写一个mvc系列的博文,仅从源代码的角度来分析mvc。在接触mvc时我们一定会经历路由,那么路由这东东是怎么搞出来的啊。在我们的web.config中有这么一句: <add assembly="System.Web.Routing, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35" /> 看来路由是它咋负责了。在这个dll中有一个很特殊的类UrlRoutingModule 我们来看看它里面主要的核心代码吧: protected virtual void Init(HttpApplication application) { if (application.Context.Items[_contextKey] == null) { application.Context.Items[_contextKey] = _contextKey; application.PostResolveRequestCache += new EventHandler(this.OnApplicationPostResolveRequestCache); } } private void OnApplicationPostResolveRequestCache(object sender, EventArgs e) { HttpContextBase context = new HttpContextWrapper(((HttpApplication) sender).Context); this.PostResolveRequestCache(context); } public virtual void PostResolveRequestCache(HttpContextBase context) { RouteData routeData = this.RouteCollection.GetRouteData(context); if (routeData != null) { IRouteHandler routeHandler = routeData.RouteHandler; if (routeHandler == null) { throw new InvalidOperationException(string.Format(CultureInfo.CurrentUICulture, SR.GetString("UrlRoutingModule_NoRouteHandler"), new object[0])); } if (!(routeHandler is StopRoutingHandler)) { RequestContext requestContext = new RequestContext(context, routeData); context.Request.RequestContext = requestContext; IHttpHandler httpHandler = routeHandler.GetHttpHandler(requestContext); if (httpHandler == null) { throw new InvalidOperationException(string.Format(CultureInfo.CurrentUICulture, SR.GetString("UrlRoutingModule_NoHttpHandler"), new object[] { routeHandler.GetType() })); } if (httpHandler is UrlAuthFailureHandler) { if (!FormsAuthenticationModule.FormsAuthRequired) { throw new HttpException(0x191, SR.GetString("Assess_Denied_Description3")); } UrlAuthorizationModule.ReportUrlAuthorizationFailure(HttpContext.Current, this); } else { context.RemapHandler(httpHandler); } } } } 在IHttpModule.Init中注册了一个PostResolveRequestCache事件,而该事件主要是调用PostResolveRequestCache这个方法,在这个方法里面有几句很重要的代码是 RouteData routeData = this.RouteCollection.GetRouteData(context); IRouteHandler routeHandler = routeData.RouteHandler; RequestContext requestContext = new RequestContext(context, routeData); context.RemapHandler(httpHandler); 让我们来分析第一句RouteData routeData = this.RouteCollection.GetRouteData(context) ,这句我们猜测是获取路由信息。要想理解这句代码又得回到我们程序中来,我们在Global.asax.cs文件中的RegisterRoutes方法中,默认有这么一句 routes.MapRoute( 这句代码主要是注册一个路由,这里的url要注意不能随便写,需要有controller和action。具体是怎么实现的了? public static Route MapRoute(this RouteCollection routes, string name, string url, object defaults, object constraints, string[] namespaces) { Route route = new Route(url, new MvcRouteHandler()) { Defaults = new RouteValueDictionary(defaults), Constraints = new RouteValueDictionary(constraints), DataTokens = new RouteValueDictionary() }; if ((namespaces != null) && (namespaces.Length > 0)) { route.DataTokens["Namespaces"] = namespaces; } routes.Add(name, route); return route; } 各参数如下 routeName="Default", // 路由名称 在这里创建了一个Route实例并且把它加入到RouteCollection中了。 如果我们的项目中有特殊的需要,需要创建自己的HttpHandler这么办了? 其实很简单只要我们注册自己的IRouteHandler了,routes.Add(new Route("{controller}/{action}/{id}",new MvcRouteHandler())); 然后在里面GetHttpHandler实现自己的逻辑处理 现在又让我们回到 RouteData routeData = this.RouteCollection.GetRouteData(context);这句代码中来,GetRouteData的主要代码如下: public RouteData GetRouteData(HttpContextBase httpContext) public override RouteData GetRouteData(HttpContextBase httpContext) { string virtualPath = httpContext.Request.AppRelativeCurrentExecutionFilePath.Substring(2) + httpContext.Request.PathInfo; RouteValueDictionary values = this._parsedRoute.Match(virtualPath, this.Defaults); if (values == null) { return null; } RouteData data = new RouteData(this, this.RouteHandler); if (!this.ProcessConstraints(httpContext, values, RouteDirection.IncomingRequest)) { return null; } foreach (KeyValuePair<string, object> pair in values) { data.Values.Add(pair.Key, pair.Value); } if (this.DataTokens != null) { foreach (KeyValuePair<string, object> pair2 in this.DataTokens) { data.DataTokens[pair2.Key] = pair2.Value; } } return data; } 这个方法很复杂,有许多验证和检查,我们主要关心一句 RouteData data = new RouteData(this, this.RouteHandler); 当然剩下 RequestContext requestContext = new RequestContext(context, routeData); 现在让我们来看看IHttpHandler httpHandler = routeHandler.GetHttpHandler(requestContext);这句究竟干了些什么,意思很明白获取Httphandler。 那么MvcRouteHandler是如何获取一个Httphandler的了, 直接返回了一个MvcHandler实例。 最有一句context.RemapHandler(httpHandler); 很简单很好明白吧,在HttpContext的RemapHandler方法中有这么一句 this._remapHandler = handler; 在HttpContext中有这个属性 internal IHttpHandler RemapHandlerInstance 那么这个东西又是什么时候调用的了,在HttpApplication的内部类MaterializeHandlerExecutionStep中的 void HttpApplication.IExecutionStep.Execute()方法调用 if (httpContext.RemapHandlerInstance != null) 看到MaterializeHandlerExecutionStep这个了类名,我想大家都能猜到吧。在内部类PipelineStepManager中BuildSteps方法有 HttpApplication.IExecutionStep step = new HttpApplication.MaterializeHandlerExecutionStep(app); 我想大家看到这里对mvc整个路由应该有个大致的理解了吧。 |
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