public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
  {
      // Add framework services.
      services.AddMvc();

      services.AddLogging();

      // Add our repository type
      services.AddSingleton<ITodoRepository, TodoRepository>();

      // Inject an implementation of ISwaggerProvider with defaulted settings applied
      services.AddSwaggerGen();
  }

  // This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to configure the HTTP request pipeline.
  public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IHostingEnvironment env, ILoggerFactory loggerFactory)
  {
      app.UseMvcWithDefaultRoute();

      // Enable middleware to serve generated Swagger as a JSON endpoint
      app.UseSwagger();

      // Enable middleware to serve swagger-ui assets (HTML, JS, CSS etc.)
      app.UseSwaggerUi();

  }

{
"swagger": "2.0",
"info": {
    "version": "v1",
    "title": "API V1"
},
"basePath": "/",
"paths": {
    "/api/Todo": {
    "get": {
        "tags": [
        "Todo"
        ],
        "operationId": "ApiTodoGet",
        "consumes": [],
        "produces": [
        "text/plain",
        "application/json",
        "text/json"
        ],
        "responses": {
        "200": {
            "description": "OK",
            "schema": {
            "type": "array",
            "items": {
                "$ref": "#/definitions/TodoItem"
            }
            }
        }
        },
        "deprecated": false
    },
    "post": {
        ...
    }
    },
    "/api/Todo/{id}": {
    "get": {
        ...
    },
    "put": {
        ...
    },
    "delete": {
        ...
},
"definitions": {
    "TodoItem": {
    "type": "object",
    "properties": {
        "key": {
        "type": "string"
        },
        "name": {
        "type": "string"
        },
        "isComplete": {
        "type": "boolean"
        }
    }
    }
},
"securityDefinitions": {}
}

services.ConfigureSwaggerGen(options =>
{
    options.SingleApiVersion(new Info
    {
        Version = "v1",
        Title = "ToDo API",
        Description = "A simple example ASP.NET Core Web API",
        TermsOfService = "None",
        Contact = new Contact { Name = "Shayne Boyer", Email = "", Url = "http://twitter.com/spboyer"},
        License = new License { Name = "Use under LICX", Url = "http://url.com" }
    });
});

"buildOptions": {
    "emitEntryPoint": true,
    "preserveCompilationContext": true,
    "xmlDoc": true
},

// This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to add services to the container.
public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
    // Add framework services.
    services.AddMvc();

    services.AddLogging();

    // Add our repository type.
    services.AddSingleton<ITodoRepository, TodoRepository>();

    // Inject an implementation of ISwaggerProvider with defaulted settings applied.
    services.AddSwaggerGen();

    // Add the detail information for the API.
    services.ConfigureSwaggerGen(options =>
    {
        options.SingleApiVersion(new Info
        {
            Version = "v1",
            Title = "ToDo API",
            Description = "A simple example ASP.NET Core Web API",
            TermsOfService = "None",
            Contact = new Contact { Name = "Shayne Boyer", Email = "", Url = "http://twitter.com/spboyer"},
            License = new License { Name = "Use under LICX", Url = "http://url.com" }
        });

        //Determine base path for the application.
        var basePath = PlatformServices.Default.Application.ApplicationBasePath;

        //Set the comments path for the swagger json and ui.
        options.IncludeXmlComments(basePath + "\\TodoApi.xml");
    });
}

// This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to configure the HTTP request pipeline.
public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IHostingEnvironment env, ILoggerFactory loggerFactory)
{
    app.UseStaticFiles();

    app.UseMvcWithDefaultRoute();

    // Enable middleware to serve generated Swagger as a JSON endpoint.
    app.UseSwagger();

    // Enable middleware to serve swagger-ui assets (HTML, JS, CSS etc.)
    app.UseSwaggerUi();
    
}

/// <summary>
/// Deletes a specific TodoItem.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="id"></param>
[HttpDelete("{id}")]
public void Delete(string id)
{
    TodoItems.Remove(id);
}

  "delete": {
    "tags": [
      "Todo"
    ],
    "summary": "Deletes a specific TodoItem",
    "operationId": "ApiTodoByIdDelete",
    "consumes": [],
    "produces": [],
    "parameters": [
      {
        "name": "id",
        "in": "path",
        "description": "",
        "required": true,
        "type": "string"
      }
    ],
    "responses": {
      "204": {
        "description": "No Content"
      }
    },
    "deprecated": false
  }

/// <summary>
/// Creates a TodoItem.
/// </summary>
/// <remarks>
/// Note that the key is a GUID and not an integer.
///  
///     POST /Todo
///     {
///        "key": "0e7ad584-7788-4ab1-95a6-ca0a5b444cbb",
///        "name": "Item1",
///        "isComplete": true
///     }
/// 
/// </remarks>
/// <param name="item"></param>
/// <returns>New Created Todo Item</returns>
/// <response code="201">Returns the newly created item</response>
/// <response code="400">If the item is null</response>
[HttpPost]
[ProducesResponseType(typeof(TodoItem), 201)]
[ProducesResponseType(typeof(TodoItem), 400)]
public IActionResult Create([FromBody, Required] TodoItem item)
{
    if (item == null)
    {
        return BadRequest();
    }
    TodoItems.Add(item);
    return CreatedAtRoute("GetTodo", new { id = item.Key }, item);
}

using System;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;

namespace TodoApi.Models
{
    public class TodoItem
    {
        public string Key { get; set; }
        [Required]
        public string Name { get; set; }
        [DefaultValue(false)]
        public bool IsComplete { get; set; }
    }
}

/// <summary>
/// Creates a TodoItem.
/// </summary>
/// <remarks>
/// Note that the key is a GUID and not an integer.
///  
///     POST /Todo
///     {
///        "key": "0e7ad584-7788-4ab1-95a6-ca0a5b444cbb",
///        "name": "Item1",
///        "isComplete": true
///     }
/// 
/// </remarks>
/// <param name="item"></param>
/// <returns>New Created Todo Item</returns>
/// <response code="201">Returns the newly created item</response>
/// <response code="400">If the item is null</response>
[HttpPost]
[ProducesResponseType(typeof(TodoItem), 201)]
[ProducesResponseType(typeof(TodoItem), 400)]
public IActionResult Create([FromBody, Required] TodoItem item)
{
    if (item == null)
    {
        return BadRequest();
    }
    TodoItems.Add(item);
    return CreatedAtRoute("GetTodo", new { id = item.Key }, item);
}

// This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to configure the HTTP request pipeline.
public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IHostingEnvironment env, ILoggerFactory loggerFactory)
{
    app.UseStaticFiles();

    app.UseMvcWithDefaultRoute();

    // Enable middleware to serve generated Swagger as a JSON endpoint
    app.UseSwagger();

    // Enable middleware to serve swagger-ui assets (HTML, JS, CSS etc.)
    app.UseSwaggerUi();

}

<link href='custom.css' media='screen' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css' />

.swagger-section #header
{
    border-bottom: 1px solid #000000;
    font-style: normal;
    font-weight: 400;
    font-family: "Segoe UI Light","Segoe WP Light","Segoe UI","Segoe WP",Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;
    background-color: black;
}

.swagger-section #header h1
{
    text-align: center;
    font-size: 20px;
    color: white;
}

<body class="swagger-section">
   <div id="header">
    <h1>ToDo API Documentation</h1>
   </div>

   <div id="message-bar" class="swagger-ui-wrap" data-sw-translate>&nbsp;</div>
   <div id="swagger-ui-container" class="swagger-ui-wrap"></div>
</body>

原文：ASP.NET Web API Help Pages using Swagger
作者：Shayne Boyer
翻译：谢炀(kiler)
翻译：许登洋(Seay)

对于开发人员来说，构建一个消费应用程序时去了解各种各样的 API 是一个巨大的挑战。

在你的 Web API 项目中使用 Swagger 的 .NET Core 封装 Swashbuckle 可以帮助你创建良好的文档和帮助页面。 Swashbuckle 可以通过修改 Startup.cs 作为一组 NuGet 包方便的加入项目。

• Swashbuckle 是一个开源项目，为使用 ASP.NET Core MVC 构建的 Web APIs 生成 Swagger 文档。
• Swagger 是一个机器可读的 RESTful API 表现层，它可以支持交互式文档、客户端 SDK 的生成和可被发现。

本教程基于 用 ASP.NET Core MVC 和 Visual Studio 创建你的第一个 Web API 文档的例子构建。如果需要对应的代码，在这里 https://github.com/aspnet/Docs/tree/master/aspnet/tutorials/first-web-api/sample 下载示例。

开始入门

Swashbuckle 有两个核心的组件

• Swashbuckle.SwaggerGen : 提供生成描述对象、方法、返回类型等的 JSON Swagger 文档的功能。
• Swashbuckle.SwaggerUI : 是一个嵌入式版本的 Swagger UI 工具，使用 Swagger UI 强大的富文本表现形式来可定制化的来描述 Web API 的功能，并且包含内置的公共方法测试工具。

NuGet 包

你可以通过以下方式添加 Swashbuckle：

• 通过 Package Manager 控制台：

  复制代码

  Install-Package Swashbuckle -Pre

   

• 在 project.json 中添加 Swashbuckle：

  复制代码

  "Swashbuckle": "6.0.0-beta902"

   
• 在 Visual Studio 中：
  • 右击你的项目 Solution Explorer > Manage NuGet Packages
  • 在搜索框中输入 Swashbuckle
  • 点击 “Include prerelease”
  • 设置 Package source 为 nuget.org
  • 点击 Swashbuckle 包并点击 Install

在中间件中添加并配置 Swagger

在 Configure 方法里面把 SwaggerGen 添加到 services 集合，并且在 ConfigureServices 方法中，允许中间件提供和服务生成 JSON 文档以及 SwaggerUI。

  public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
  {
      // Add framework services.
      services.AddMvc();

      services.AddLogging();

      // Add our repository type
      services.AddSingleton<ITodoRepository, TodoRepository>();

      // Inject an implementation of ISwaggerProvider with defaulted settings applied
      services.AddSwaggerGen();
  }

  // This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to configure the HTTP request pipeline.
  public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IHostingEnvironment env, ILoggerFactory loggerFactory)
  {
      app.UseMvcWithDefaultRoute();

      // Enable middleware to serve generated Swagger as a JSON endpoint
      app.UseSwagger();

      // Enable middleware to serve swagger-ui assets (HTML, JS, CSS etc.)
      app.UseSwaggerUi();

  }

在 Visual Studio 中, 点击 ^F5 启动应用程序并导航到 http://localhost:<random_port>/swagger/v1/swagger.json 页面可以看成生成的终端描述文档。

提示
Microsoft Edge，Google Chrome 以及 Firefox 原生支持显示 JSON 文档。 Chrome 的扩展会格式化文档使其更易于阅读。 下面的例子是简化版的。

{
"swagger": "2.0",
"info": {
    "version": "v1",
    "title": "API V1"
},
"basePath": "/",
"paths": {
    "/api/Todo": {
    "get": {
        "tags": [
        "Todo"
        ],
        "operationId": "ApiTodoGet",
        "consumes": [],
        "produces": [
        "text/plain",
        "application/json",
        "text/json"
        ],
        "responses": {
        "200": {
            "description": "OK",
            "schema": {
            "type": "array",
            "items": {
                "$ref": "#/definitions/TodoItem"
            }
            }
        }
        },
        "deprecated": false
    },
    "post": {
        ...
    }
    },
    "/api/Todo/{id}": {
    "get": {
        ...
    },
    "put": {
        ...
    },
    "delete": {
        ...
},
"definitions": {
    "TodoItem": {
    "type": "object",
    "properties": {
        "key": {
        "type": "string"
        },
        "name": {
        "type": "string"
        },
        "isComplete": {
        "type": "boolean"
        }
    }
    }
},
"securityDefinitions": {}
}

这个文档用来驱动 Swagger UI，可以通过访问 http://localhost:<random_port>/swagger/ui 页面来查看。

所有的 ToDo controller 的方法都是可以在 UI 上面进行测试。点击方法可以展开对应的区域，输入所需的参数并且点击 “Try it out!” 。

自定义与可扩展性

Swagger 不仅是显示 API 的一个简单方法，而且有可选项：文档对象模型，以及自定义交互 UI 来满足你的视觉感受或者设计语言。

API 信息和描述

ConfigureSwaggerGen 方法用来添加文档信息。例如：作者，版权，描述。

services.ConfigureSwaggerGen(options =>
{
    options.SingleApiVersion(new Info
    {
        Version = "v1",
        Title = "ToDo API",
        Description = "A simple example ASP.NET Core Web API",
        TermsOfService = "None",
        Contact = new Contact { Name = "Shayne Boyer", Email = "", Url = "http://twitter.com/spboyer"},
        License = new License { Name = "Use under LICX", Url = "http://url.com" }
    });
});

下图展示了 Swagger UI 显示添加的版本信息。

XML 注释

为了启用 XML 注释， 在 Visual Studio 中右击项目并且选择 Properties 在 Output Settings 区域下面点击 XML Documentation file 。

另外，你也可以通过在 project.json 中设置 “xmlDoc”: true 来启用 XML 注释。

"buildOptions": {
    "emitEntryPoint": true,
    "preserveCompilationContext": true,
    "xmlDoc": true
},

配置 Swagger 使用生成的 XML 文件。

提示
对于 Linux 或者 非 Windows 操作系统，文件名和路径是大小写敏感的。 所以本例中的 ToDoApi.XML 在 Windows 上可以找到但是 CentOS 就无法找到。

// This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to add services to the container.
public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
    // Add framework services.
    services.AddMvc();

    services.AddLogging();

    // Add our repository type.
    services.AddSingleton<ITodoRepository, TodoRepository>();

    // Inject an implementation of ISwaggerProvider with defaulted settings applied.
    services.AddSwaggerGen();

    // Add the detail information for the API.
    services.ConfigureSwaggerGen(options =>
    {
        options.SingleApiVersion(new Info
        {
            Version = "v1",
            Title = "ToDo API",
            Description = "A simple example ASP.NET Core Web API",
            TermsOfService = "None",
            Contact = new Contact { Name = "Shayne Boyer", Email = "", Url = "http://twitter.com/spboyer"},
            License = new License { Name = "Use under LICX", Url = "http://url.com" }
        });

        //Determine base path for the application.
        var basePath = PlatformServices.Default.Application.ApplicationBasePath;

        //Set the comments path for the swagger json and ui.
        options.IncludeXmlComments(basePath + "\\TodoApi.xml");
    });
}

// This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to configure the HTTP request pipeline.
public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IHostingEnvironment env, ILoggerFactory loggerFactory)
{
    app.UseStaticFiles();

    app.UseMvcWithDefaultRoute();

    // Enable middleware to serve generated Swagger as a JSON endpoint.
    app.UseSwagger();

    // Enable middleware to serve swagger-ui assets (HTML, JS, CSS etc.)
    app.UseSwaggerUi();
    
}

在上面的代码中，ApplicationBasePath 获取到应用程序的根路径，是需要设置 XML 注释文件的完整路径。 TodoApi.xml 仅适用于本例，生成的XML注释文件的名称是基于你的应用程序名称。

为方法添加的三斜线注释（C# 文档注释格式）文字会作为描述显示在 Swagger UI 对应方法的头区域。

/// <summary>
/// Deletes a specific TodoItem.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="id"></param>
[HttpDelete("{id}")]
public void Delete(string id)
{
    TodoItems.Remove(id);
}

请注意，UI 是由生成的 JSON 文件驱动的，这些注释也会包含在文件中。

  "delete": {
    "tags": [
      "Todo"
    ],
    "summary": "Deletes a specific TodoItem",
    "operationId": "ApiTodoByIdDelete",
    "consumes": [],
    "produces": [],
    "parameters": [
      {
        "name": "id",
        "in": "path",
        "description": "",
        "required": true,
        "type": "string"
      }
    ],
    "responses": {
      "204": {
        "description": "No Content"
      }
    },
    "deprecated": false
  }

这是一个更强大的例子，加入 <remarks /> 那里面的内容可以是文字或添加的 JSON 或 XML 对象的方法为进一步描述方法文档而服务。

/// <summary>
/// Creates a TodoItem.
/// </summary>
/// <remarks>
/// Note that the key is a GUID and not an integer.
///  
///     POST /Todo
///     {
///        "key": "0e7ad584-7788-4ab1-95a6-ca0a5b444cbb",
///        "name": "Item1",
///        "isComplete": true
///     }
/// 
/// </remarks>
/// <param name="item"></param>
/// <returns>New Created Todo Item</returns>
/// <response code="201">Returns the newly created item</response>
/// <response code="400">If the item is null</response>
[HttpPost]
[ProducesResponseType(typeof(TodoItem), 201)]
[ProducesResponseType(typeof(TodoItem), 400)]
public IActionResult Create([FromBody, Required] TodoItem item)
{
    if (item == null)
    {
        return BadRequest();
    }
    TodoItems.Add(item);
    return CreatedAtRoute("GetTodo", new { id = item.Key }, item);
}

请注意下面是这些附加注释的在用户界面的增强效果。

DataAnnotations

你可以使用 System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations 来标注 API controller ，帮助驱动 Swagger UI 组件。

在 TodoItem 类的 Name 属性上添加 [Required] 标注会改变 UI 中的模型架构信息。[Produces("application/json"] ，正则表达式验证器将更进一步细化生成页面传递的详细信息。代码中使用的元数据信息越多 API 帮助页面上的描述信息也会越多。

using System;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;

namespace TodoApi.Models
{
    public class TodoItem
    {
        public string Key { get; set; }
        [Required]
        public string Name { get; set; }
        [DefaultValue(false)]
        public bool IsComplete { get; set; }
    }
}

描述响应类型

API 使用开发者最关心的东西是的返回结果；具体响应类型，错误代码（如果不是标准错误码）。这些都在 XML 注释 和 DataAnnotations 中处理。

以 Create() 方法为例，目前它仅仅返回 “201 Created” 默认响应。如果数据实际创建了或者 POST 正文没有传递数据返回 “204 No Content” 错误，这是理所当然的。但是，如果没有文档知道它的存在或者存在任何其他响应，则可以通过添加下面的代码段是修复这个问题。

/// <summary>
/// Creates a TodoItem.
/// </summary>
/// <remarks>
/// Note that the key is a GUID and not an integer.
///  
///     POST /Todo
///     {
///        "key": "0e7ad584-7788-4ab1-95a6-ca0a5b444cbb",
///        "name": "Item1",
///        "isComplete": true
///     }
/// 
/// </remarks>
/// <param name="item"></param>
/// <returns>New Created Todo Item</returns>
/// <response code="201">Returns the newly created item</response>
/// <response code="400">If the item is null</response>
[HttpPost]
[ProducesResponseType(typeof(TodoItem), 201)]
[ProducesResponseType(typeof(TodoItem), 400)]
public IActionResult Create([FromBody, Required] TodoItem item)
{
    if (item == null)
    {
        return BadRequest();
    }
    TodoItems.Add(item);
    return CreatedAtRoute("GetTodo", new { id = item.Key }, item);
}

自定义 UI

stock UI 是一个非常实用的展示方案，如果你想在生成 API 文档页面的时候想把你的标题做的更好看点。

完成与 Swashbuckle 组件相关的任务很简单，但服务需要添加的资源来通常不会被包含在 Web API 项目中，所以必须建立对应的的文件夹结构来承载这些静态资源文件。

在项目中添加 "Microsoft.AspNetCore.StaticFiles": "1.0.0-*" NuGet 包。

在中间件中启用 static files 服务。

// This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to configure the HTTP request pipeline.
public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IHostingEnvironment env, ILoggerFactory loggerFactory)
{
    app.UseStaticFiles();

    app.UseMvcWithDefaultRoute();

    // Enable middleware to serve generated Swagger as a JSON endpoint
    app.UseSwagger();

    // Enable middleware to serve swagger-ui assets (HTML, JS, CSS etc.)
    app.UseSwaggerUi();

}

从 Github repository 上获取 Swagger UI 页面所需的 index.html 核心文件，把他放到 wwwroot/swagger/ui 目录下，并在在同一个文件夹创建一个新的 custom.css 文件。

在 index.html 文件中引用 custom.css 。

<link href='custom.css' media='screen' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css' />

下面的 CSS 提供了一个自定义页面标题的简单的示例。

custom.css 文件

.swagger-section #header
{
    border-bottom: 1px solid #000000;
    font-style: normal;
    font-weight: 400;
    font-family: "Segoe UI Light","Segoe WP Light","Segoe UI","Segoe WP",Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;
    background-color: black;
}

.swagger-section #header h1
{
    text-align: center;
    font-size: 20px;
    color: white;
}

index.html 正文

<body class="swagger-section">
   <div id="header">
    <h1>ToDo API Documentation</h1>
   </div>

   <div id="message-bar" class="swagger-ui-wrap" data-sw-translate>&nbsp;</div>
   <div id="swagger-ui-container" class="swagger-ui-wrap"></div>
</body>

你可以在这个页面有更多改进的东西，请在 Swagger UI Github repository 参阅完整的 UI 资源。

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