ASP.NET中的路径(path)详解

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一 ASP.NET常用路径(path)获取方法与格式对照表

　　假设我们的网址为http://localhost:1897/ News/Press/Content.aspx?id=1019

跟 Browser Request 的网址相关的属性与方法	输出（output）实例	备注
Request.ApplicationPath	/	指的是当前的application(应用程序)的目录
Request.PhysicalPath	D:\Projects\Solution\web\News\Press\Content.aspx	磁盘驱动器代号:\父目录\子目录\Content.aspx
Request.PhysicalApplicationPath	D:\Projects\Solution\web\	磁盘驱动器代号:\父目录\子目录\
Request.CurrentExecutionFilePath	/News/Press/Content.aspx
Request.FilePath	/News/Press/Content.aspx	对应于iis的虚拟目录。
Request.Path	/News/Press/Content.aspx	当前请求的虚拟路径。Path 是 FilePath 和 PathInfo 尾部的串联。*(见下面详细讲解)
Server.MapPath(string url)	例http://www.example.com/1/index.html, 假设你的应用程序在c:/iis/MySite中,那么就是c:/iis/MySite/1/index.html	将url映射为服务器上的物理路径
Request.RawUrl	/News/Press/Content.aspx?id=1019
Request.Url.AbsolutePath	/News/Press /Content.aspx
Request.Url.AbsoluteUri	http://localhost:1897/Content.aspx?id=1019
Request.Url.LocalPath	/News/Press//Content.aspx
Request.Url.PathAndQuery	/News/Press//Content.aspx?id=1019&uu=77
Request.Url.Scheme	http
Request.Url.Host	localhost
Request.Url.Port	1987
Request.Url.Authority	localhost:1897
Request.Url.Query	?id=1019
Request.Url.Query[id]	1019
Request.Url.Fragments	/ News/ Press/ Content.aspx
Request.Url.Segments[0]	/
System.IO.Path.GetDirectoryName(Request.PhysicalPath)	D:\Projects\Solution\web\News\Press	磁盘驱动器代号:\父目录\子目录\
System.IO.Path.GetFileName(Request.PhysicalPath)	Content.aspx

(接上面*) Request.FilePath, Request.PathInfo, Request.Path, RequestRawUrl

　　如果请求的地址为http://www.cnblogs.com/default.aspx/books则

Request.FilePath值为http://www.cnblogs.com/default.aspx

Request.PathInfo 值为 /books

Request.Path 值为 http://www.cnblogs.com/default.aspx/books

Request.RawUrl 值为 http://www.cnblogs.com/default.aspx/books

　　如果请求地址为http://www.cnblogs.com/defaut.aspx?id=1&name=kk则

Request.FilePath值为http://www.cnblogs.com/default.aspx

Request.PathInfo 值为 ""(空字符串)

Request.Path 值为 http://www.cnblogs.com/default.aspx

Request.RawUrl 值为 http://www.cnblogs.com/default.aspx?id=1&name=kk

　　二 Request.ServerVariables集合中获取到的相关信息:

　　左列是服务器变量名，右侧是值，值是通过Request.ServerVariables[服务器变量名]获取的
APPL_MD_PATH : /LM/W3SVC/894523/Root
APPL_PHYSICAL_PATH : D:\VssWorkFolder\British_School_MIS\src\WebSite\
INSTANCE_META_PATH : /LM/W3SVC/894523
LOCAL_ADDR : 192.168.1.6
PATH_INFO : /SysOption/BillingSetup1.aspx
PATH_TRANSLATED : D:\VssWorkFolder\British_School_MIS\src\WebSite\SysOption\BillingSetup1.aspx
REMOTE_ADDR : 192.168.1.6
REMOTE_HOST : 192.168.1.6
SCRIPT_NAME : /SysOption/BillingSetup1.aspx
SERVER_NAME : 192.168.1.6
URL : /SysOption/BillingSetup1.aspx

　　Request.ServerVariables是一个很强大的工具，可以帮助我们获取很多client和web宿主的信息，有兴趣的朋友可以通过以下代码看看它到底包含什么信息

foreach (string s in Request.ServerVariables)
 {
 Response.Write(s + " : " + Request.ServerVariables[s] + " ");
 }

　　三 path转换

　　1.转换为服务器端路径（Server.MapPath）
web服务器端开发设计一个有趣的问题就是，地址转换。比如http地址/images/a.txt，如果你想在服务器端通过io读取这个文件，就得有这个文件的“本机地址（形如c:\windows\system32\xx.dll）”,这时Server.MapPath就很有用了
Response.Write(Request.MapPath(Request.Path));        输出为 D:\VssWorkFolder\British_School_MIS\src\WebSite\SysOption\BillingSetup1.aspx
2.转换为http地址（Page.ResolveClientUrl Page.ResolveUrl）
Response.Write(Page.ResolveClientUrl("~/a/a.jpg"));      输出为 ../a/a.jpg
Response.Write(Page.ResolveUrl("~/a/a.jpg"));              输出为 /a/a.jpg

　　另外,我们使用upload控件上传文件时，用HttpPostedFile 。例如:

HttpPostedFile file = context.Request.Files[i];//这里的context.Request.Files就是上传的文件集合.

PS:此处乃是利用HttpHandler..在Page页面中可以自己用其它办法多文件上传.

　　接着如何保存文件呢?

利用HttpPostedFile的SaveAs方法即可,如: file.SaveAs(SpecifiedPath);

此处的SpecifiedPath是上传文件的绝对路径.

　　至于如何获取上传文件的路径.我们可以利用Path类.来操作File.HttpPostedFile类中也包含了文件的基本信息.如文件名,大小,路径等等.Path类操作更齐全而已.接着就可以利用Server.MapPath()方法来进行转换.

　　为检验上面的理论，你可以编写一段code跑下就一清二楚啦。例:

StringBuilder req = new StringBuilder();

req.Append("<table cellpadding=3 cellspacing=0 border=1>");

// Request.ApplicationPath

req.Append("<tr><td>");

req.Append("Request.ApplicationPath");

req.Append("</td><td>");

req.Append("" + Request.ApplicationPath + "");

req.Append("</td></tr>");

// Request.PhysicalPath

req.Append("<tr><td>");

req.Append("Request.PhysicalPath");

req.Append("</td><td>");

req.Append("" + Request.PhysicalPath + "");

req.Append("</td></tr>");

// System.IO.Path.GetDirectoryName(Request.PhysicalPath)

req.Append("<tr><td>");

req.Append("System.IO.Path.GetDirectoryName(Request.PhysicalPath)");

req.Append("</td><td>");

req.Append("" + System.IO.Path.GetDirectoryName(Request.PhysicalPath) + "");

req.Append("</td></tr>");

// Request.PhysicalApplicationPath

req.Append("<tr><td>");

req.Append("Request.PhysicalApplicationPath");

req.Append("</td><td>");

req.Append("" + Request.PhysicalApplicationPath + "");

req.Append("</td></tr>");

// System.IO.Path.GetFileName(Request.PhysicalPath)

req.Append("<tr><td>");

req.Append("System.IO.Path.GetFileName(Request.PhysicalPath)");

req.Append("</td><td>");

req.Append("" + System.IO.Path.GetFileName(Request.PhysicalPath) + "");

req.Append("</td></tr>");

// Request.CurrentExecutionFilePath

req.Append("<tr><td>");

req.Append("Request.CurrentExecutionFilePath");

req.Append("</td><td>");

req.Append("" + Request.CurrentExecutionFilePath + "");

req.Append("</td></tr>");

// Request.FilePath

req.Append("<tr><td>");

req.Append("Request.FilePath");

req.Append("</td><td>");

req.Append("" + Request.FilePath + "");

req.Append("</td></tr>");

// Request.Path

req.Append("<tr><td>");

req.Append("Request.Path");

req.Append("</td><td>");

req.Append("" + Request.Path + "");

req.Append("</td></tr>");

// Request.RawUrl

req.Append("<tr><td>");

req.Append("Request.RawUrl");

req.Append("</td><td>");

req.Append("" + Request.RawUrl + "");

req.Append("</td></tr>");

// Request.Url.AbsolutePath

req.Append("<tr><td>");

req.Append("Request.Url.AbsolutePath");

req.Append("</td><td>");

req.Append("" + Request.Url.AbsolutePath + "");

req.Append("</td></tr>");

// Request.Url.AbsoluteUri

req.Append("<tr><td>");

req.Append("Request.Url.AbsoluteUri");

req.Append("</td><td>");

req.Append("" + Request.Url.AbsoluteUri + "");

req.Append("</td></tr>");

// Request.Url.Scheme

req.Append("<tr><td>");

req.Append("Request.Url.Scheme");

req.Append("</td><td>");

req.Append("" + Request.Url.Scheme + "");

req.Append("</td></tr>");

// Request.Url.Host

req.Append("<tr><td>");

req.Append("Request.Url.Host");

req.Append("</td><td>");

req.Append("" + Request.Url.Host + "");

req.Append("</td></tr>");

// Request.Url.Port

req.Append("<tr><td>");

req.Append("Request.Url.Port");

req.Append("</td><td>");

req.Append("" + Request.Url.Port + "");

req.Append("</td></tr>");

// Request.Url.Authority

req.Append("<tr><td>");

req.Append("Request.Url.Authority");

req.Append("</td><td>");

req.Append("" + Request.Url.Authority + "");

req.Append("</td></tr>");

// local Request.Url.LocalPath

req.Append("<tr><td>");

req.Append("Request.Url.LocalPath");

req.Append("</td><td>");

req.Append("" + Request.Url.LocalPath + "");

req.Append("</td></tr>");

// Request.PathInfo

req.Append("<tr><td>");

req.Append("Request.PathInfo");

req.Append("</td><td>");

req.Append("" + Request.PathInfo + "");

req.Append("</td></tr>");

// Request.Url.PathAndQuery

req.Append("<tr><td>");

req.Append("Request.Url.PathAndQuery");

req.Append("</td><td>");

req.Append("" + Request.Url.PathAndQuery + "");

req.Append("</td></tr>");

// Request.Url.Query

req.Append("<tr><td>");

req.Append("Request.Url.Query");

req.Append("</td><td>");

req.Append("" + Request.Url.Query + "");

req.Append("</td></tr>");

// Request.Url.Fragment

// 原则上你应该无法从 Request.Url.Fragment 取得任何数据，因为通常 Browser 不会送出 #toc 这个部分

req.Append("<tr><td>");

req.Append("Request.Url.Fragment");

req.Append("</td><td>");

req.Append("" + Request.Url.Fragment + "");

req.Append("</td></tr>");

// Request.Url.Segments

req.Append("<tr>");

req.Append("<td>");

req.Append("Request.Url.Segments");

req.Append("</td>");

req.Append("<td>");

string[] segments = Request.Url.Segments;

foreach (string s in segments)

{

req.Append("" + s + "");

req.Append("");

}

req.Append("</td>");

req.Append("</tr>");

req.Append("</table>");

Response.Write(req.ToString());

参考的文章：
http://blog.miniasp.com/post/2008/02/10/How-Do-I-Get-Paths-and-URL-fragments-from-the-HttpRequest-object.aspx

http://www.cnblogs.com/zyip/archive/2009/08/13/1544968.html

如有错误,请不吝指出。

另加上一个实例：

// Builds an absolute URL
private static string BuildAbsolute(string relativeUri)
{
    // get current uri
    Uri uri = HttpContext.Current.Request.Url;
    // build absolute path
    string app = HttpContext.Current.Request.ApplicationPath;
    if (!app.EndsWith("/")) app += "/";
    relativeUri = relativeUri.TrimStart('/');
    // return the absolute path
    return HttpUtility.UrlPathEncode(
      String.Format("http://{0}:{1}{2}{3}",
      uri.Host, uri.Port, app, relativeUri));
}