当代的互联网的服务，通常都是用复杂的、大规模分布式集群来实现的。互联网应用构建在不同的软件模块集上，这些软件模块，有可能是由不同的团队开发、可能使用不同的编程语言来实现、有可能布在了几千台服务器，横跨多个不同的数据中心。因此，就需要一些可以帮助理解系统行为、用于分析性能问题的工具。

本节简单搭建一下zipkin，zipkin是Twitter基于google的分布式监控系统Dapper（论文）的开发源实现，zipkin用于跟踪分布式服务之间的应用数据链路，分析处理延时，帮助我们改进系统的性能和定位故障。

同时kratos基于opentracing语义，可以将zipkin集成了进去

搭建 Zipkin ，启动一个zipkin服务，最简单的办法是直接使用 Zipkin 官方的 Docker 镜像。

如果只是为了测试用，可以pull 下来直接启动一个，数据会在内存里面，我这里docker pull需要FQ.

启动zipkin

docker run -d --restart always -v /etc/localtime:/etc/localtime:ro -p 9411:9411 --name zipkin openzipkin/zipkin

127..0.0.1:9411查看

zipkin使用demo

照惯例new 一个demo 服务

在main函数内进行初始化，添加如下代码：

func main(){
    zipkin.Init(&zipkin.Config{
        Endpoint: "http://localhost:9411/api/v2/spans",
    })
    // 忽略其他代码
}

调用一下sayhello接口

再看看zipkin 是否有数据

数据持久化

生产环境中，可能会需要做数据的持久化，官方提供了很多支持，这里举例mysql、同样docker运行一份mysql服务。

docker run -p 3306:3306 --name mysql -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 mysql:latest

官方建表语句 : mysql.sql

--
-- Copyright 2015-2019 The OpenZipkin Authors
--
-- Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except
-- in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
--
-- http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
--
-- Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License
-- is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express
-- or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under
-- the License.
--

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS zipkin_spans (
  `trace_id_high` BIGINT NOT NULL DEFAULT 0 COMMENT 'If non zero, this means the trace uses 128 bit traceIds instead of 64 bit',
  `trace_id` BIGINT NOT NULL,
  `id` BIGINT NOT NULL,
  `name` VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
  `remote_service_name` VARCHAR(255),
  `parent_id` BIGINT,
  `debug` BIT(1),
  `start_ts` BIGINT COMMENT 'Span.timestamp(): epoch micros used for endTs query and to implement TTL',
  `duration` BIGINT COMMENT 'Span.duration(): micros used for minDuration and maxDuration query',
  PRIMARY KEY (`trace_id_high`, `trace_id`, `id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB ROW_FORMAT=COMPRESSED CHARACTER SET=utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;

ALTER TABLE zipkin_spans ADD INDEX(`trace_id_high`, `trace_id`) COMMENT 'for getTracesByIds';
ALTER TABLE zipkin_spans ADD INDEX(`name`) COMMENT 'for getTraces and getSpanNames';
ALTER TABLE zipkin_spans ADD INDEX(`remote_service_name`) COMMENT 'for getTraces and getRemoteServiceNames';
ALTER TABLE zipkin_spans ADD INDEX(`start_ts`) COMMENT 'for getTraces ordering and range';

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS zipkin_annotations (
  `trace_id_high` BIGINT NOT NULL DEFAULT 0 COMMENT 'If non zero, this means the trace uses 128 bit traceIds instead of 64 bit',
  `trace_id` BIGINT NOT NULL COMMENT 'coincides with zipkin_spans.trace_id',
  `span_id` BIGINT NOT NULL COMMENT 'coincides with zipkin_spans.id',
  `a_key` VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL COMMENT 'BinaryAnnotation.key or Annotation.value if type == -1',
  `a_value` BLOB COMMENT 'BinaryAnnotation.value(), which must be smaller than 64KB',
  `a_type` INT NOT NULL COMMENT 'BinaryAnnotation.type() or -1 if Annotation',
  `a_timestamp` BIGINT COMMENT 'Used to implement TTL; Annotation.timestamp or zipkin_spans.timestamp',
  `endpoint_ipv4` INT COMMENT 'Null when Binary/Annotation.endpoint is null',
  `endpoint_ipv6` BINARY(16) COMMENT 'Null when Binary/Annotation.endpoint is null, or no IPv6 address',
  `endpoint_port` SMALLINT COMMENT 'Null when Binary/Annotation.endpoint is null',
  `endpoint_service_name` VARCHAR(255) COMMENT 'Null when Binary/Annotation.endpoint is null'
) ENGINE=InnoDB ROW_FORMAT=COMPRESSED CHARACTER SET=utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;

ALTER TABLE zipkin_annotations ADD UNIQUE KEY(`trace_id_high`, `trace_id`, `span_id`, `a_key`, `a_timestamp`) COMMENT 'Ignore insert on duplicate';
ALTER TABLE zipkin_annotations ADD INDEX(`trace_id_high`, `trace_id`, `span_id`) COMMENT 'for joining with zipkin_spans';
ALTER TABLE zipkin_annotations ADD INDEX(`trace_id_high`, `trace_id`) COMMENT 'for getTraces/ByIds';
ALTER TABLE zipkin_annotations ADD INDEX(`endpoint_service_name`) COMMENT 'for getTraces and getServiceNames';
ALTER TABLE zipkin_annotations ADD INDEX(`a_type`) COMMENT 'for getTraces and autocomplete values';
ALTER TABLE zipkin_annotations ADD INDEX(`a_key`) COMMENT 'for getTraces and autocomplete values';
ALTER TABLE zipkin_annotations ADD INDEX(`trace_id`, `span_id`, `a_key`) COMMENT 'for dependencies job';

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS zipkin_dependencies (
  `day` DATE NOT NULL,
  `parent` VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
  `child` VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
  `call_count` BIGINT,
  `error_count` BIGINT,
  PRIMARY KEY (`day`, `parent`, `child`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB ROW_FORMAT=COMPRESSED CHARACTER SET=utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;

zpkin : docker-compose.yml :

version: '2'

services:
  # The zipkin process services the UI, and also exposes a POST endpoint that
  # instrumentation can send trace data to. Scribe is disabled by default.
  zipkin:
    image: openzipkin/zipkin
    container_name: zipkin
    environment:
      - STORAGE_TYPE=mysql
      # Point the zipkin at the storage backend
      - MYSQL_DB=zipkin
      - MYSQL_USER=root
      - MYSQL_PASS=123456
      - MYSQL_HOST=127.0.0.1
      - MYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306
      # Uncomment to enable scribe
      # - SCRIBE_ENABLED=true
      # Uncomment to enable self-tracing
      # - SELF_TRACING_ENABLED=true
      # Uncomment to enable debug logging
      # - JAVA_OPTS=-Dlogging.level.zipkin=DEBUG -Dlogging.level.zipkin2=DEBUG
    ports:
      # Port used for the Zipkin UI and HTTP Api
      - 9411:9411
      # Uncomment if you set SCRIBE_ENABLED=true
      # - 9410:9410
    #networks: 
    #  - default 
    #  - my_net #创建网路 docker network create my_net 删除网络 docker network rm my_net
#networks: 
  #my_net: 
    #external: true