如何使用jQuery向asp.netMvc传递复杂json数据-ModelBinder篇

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jQuery提供的ajax方法能很方便的实现客户端与服务器的异步交互,在asp.net mvc 框架使用jQuery能很方便地异步获取提交数据,给用户提供更好的体验!

调用jQuery的ajax方法时,jQuery会根据post或者get协议对参数data进行序列化;

如果提交的数据使用复杂的json数据,例如:

{userId:32323,userName:{firstName:"李",lastName:"李大嘴"}}

那么服务器是无法正常接收到完整的参数,因为jQuery对data的序列化,是使用了键值对拼装的方式;

参数拼装成 userId=32323&userName=object ; userName所指向的对象被序列化成字符串"object"

如何才能把一个复杂的object对象提交到后台的action参数中呢?

首先,解决jQuery对于参数序列化的问题:

1 /*对象序列化为字符串*/
2 String.toSerialize = function(obj) {
3     var ransferCharForJavascript = function(s) {
4         var newStr = s.replace(
5         /[\x26\x27\x3C\x3E\x0D\x0A\x22\x2C\x5C\x00]/g,
6         function(c) {
7             ascii = c.charCodeAt(0)
8             return '\\u00' + (ascii < 16 ? '0' + ascii.toString(16) : ascii.toString(16))
9         }
10     );
11         return newStr;
12     }
13     if (obj == null) {
14         return null
15     }
16     else if (obj.constructor == Array) {
17         var builder = [];
18         builder.push("[");
19         for (var index in obj) {
20             if (typeof obj[index] == "function") continue;
21             if (index > 0) builder.push(",");
22             builder.push(String.toSerialize(obj[index]));
23         }
24         builder.push("]");
25         return builder.join("");
26     }
27     else if (obj.constructor == Object) {
28         var builder = [];
29         builder.push("{");
30         var index = 0;
31         for (var key in obj) {
32             if (typeof obj[key] == "function") continue;
33             if (index > 0) builder.push(",");
34             builder.push(String.format("\"{0}\":{1}", key, String.toSerialize(obj[key])));
35             index++;
36         }
37         builder.push("}");
38         return builder.join("");
39     }
40     else if (obj.constructor == Boolean) {
41         return obj.toString();
42     }
43     else if (obj.constructor == Number) {
44         return obj.toString();
45     }
46     else if (obj.constructor == String) {
47         return String.format('"{0}"', ransferCharForJavascript(obj));
48     }
49     else if (obj.constructor == Date) {
50         return String.format('{"__DataType":"Date","__thisue":{0}}', obj.getTime() - (new Date(1970, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0)).getTime());
51     }
52     else if (this.toString != undefined) {
53         return String.toSerialize(obj);
54     }
55 }
56

jQuery异步请求:

1  $(function() {
2             /*按钮点击事件*/
3             $("#btn_post_test").click(function() {
4                 var data = [
5                     { UserId: "11", UserName: { FirstName: "323", LastName: "2323" }, Keys: ["xiaoming", "xiaohong"] },
6                     { UserId: "22", UserName: { FirstName: "323", LastName: "2323" }, Keys: ["xiaoming", "xiaohong"] },
7                     { UserId: "33", UserName: { FirstName: "323", LastName: "2323" }, Keys: ["xiaoming", "xiaohong"] }
8                 ];
9
10                 $.post("Home/Test", { users: String.toSerialize(data) }, function(text) {
11                     alert(String.toSerialize(text));
12                 }, "json");
13             });
14         });

点击按钮提交数据,监控浏览器,可以发现提交的数据是json对象的序列化后的内容:

1 POST /Home/Test HTTP/1.1
2 x-requested-with: XMLHttpRequest
3 Accept-Language: zh-cn
4 Referer: http://localhost:3149/test.html
5 Accept: application/json, text/javascript, */*
6 Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
7 Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
8 User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 6.1; Trident/4.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; Media Center PC 6.0; InfoPath.2; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E)
9 Host: localhost:3149
10 Content-Length: 501
11 Connection: Keep-Alive
12 Cache-Control: no-cache
13 Cookie: CookieGlobalLoginUserID=16063
14
15 users=%5B%7B%22UserId%22%3A%2211%22%2C%22Name%22%3A%7B%22FirstName%22%3A%22323%22%2C%22LastName%22%3A%222323%22%7D%2C%22Keys%22%3A%5B%22xiaoming%22%2C%22xiaohong%22%5D%7D%2C%7B%22UserId%22%3A%2222%22%2C%22Name%22%3A%7B%22FirstName%22%3A%22323%22%2C%22LastName%22%3A%222323%22%7D%2C%22Keys%22%3A%5B%22xiaoming%22%2C%22xiaohong%22%5D%7D%2C%7B%22UserId%22%3A%2233%22%2C%22Name%22%3A%7B%22FirstName%22%3A%22323%22%2C%22LastName%22%3A%222323%22%7D%2C%22Keys%22%3A%5B%22xiaoming%22%2C%22xiaohong%22%5D%7D%5D

其次,后台服务器处理参数绑定:

1 using System.Collections.Generic;
2 using System.Web.Mvc;
3 using Newtonsoft.Json;
4 using Newtonsoft.Json.Linq;
5
6 namespace WebOS.Controllers
7 {
8     [HandleError]
9     public class HomeController : Controller
10     {
11         /// <summary>
12         /// 测试方法
13         /// </summary>
14         /// <param name="users">用户数据</param>
15         /// <returns>提交的用户数组</returns>
16         public ActionResult Test([ModelBinder(typeof(JsonBinder<User>))]List<User> users)
17         {
18             return Json(users, JsonRequestBehavior.AllowGet);
19         }
20
21     }
22     /// <summary>
23     /// 对象实体
24     /// </summary>
25     [JsonObject]
26     public class User
27     {
28         [JsonProperty("UserName")]
29         public UserName Name { get; set; }
30         [JsonProperty("UserId")]
31         public string UserId { get; set; }
32         [JsonProperty("Keys")]
33         public List<string> Keys { get; set; }
34
35
36     }
37     /// <summary>
38     /// 对象实体
39     /// </summary>
40     [JsonObject]
41     public class UserName
42     {
43         [JsonProperty("FirstName")]
44         public string FirstName { get; set; }
45         [JsonProperty("LastName")]
46         public string LastName { get; set; }
47
48     }
49     /// <summary>
50     /// Json数据绑定类
51     /// </summary>
52     /// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam>
53     public class JsonBinder<T> : IModelBinder
54     {
55
56         public object BindModel(ControllerContext controllerContext, ModelBindingContext bindingContext)
57         {
58             //从请求中获取提交的参数数据
59             var json = controllerContext.HttpContext.Request.Form[bindingContext.ModelName] as string;
60             //提交参数是对象
61             if (json.StartsWith("{") && json.EndsWith("}"))
62             {
63                 JObject jsonBody = JObject.Parse(json);
64                 JsonSerializer js = new JsonSerializer();
65                 object obj = js.Deserialize(jsonBody.CreateReader(), typeof(T));
66                 return obj;
67             }
68             //提交参数是数组
69             if (json.StartsWith("[") && json.EndsWith("]"))
70             {
71                 IList<T> list = new List<T>();
72                 JArray jsonRsp = JArray.Parse(json);
73
74                 if (jsonRsp != null)
75                 {
76                     for (int i = 0; i < jsonRsp.Count; i++)
77                     {
78                         JsonSerializer js = new JsonSerializer();
79                         object obj = js.Deserialize(jsonRsp[i].CreateReader(), typeof(T));
80                         list.Add((T)obj);
81                     }
82                 }
83                 return list;
84             }
85             return null;
86         }
87     }
88 }
89

前端获取到后台返回的数据,结果就是用户提交的数据:

后台json反序列化使用了Newtonsoft.Json 组件,有关资料请参考:http://james.newtonking.com/