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ASP.NETMVC之控制器与视图之间的数据传递

原作者: [db:作者] 来自: [db:来源] 收藏 邀请

今天,我们来谈谈控制器与视图之间的数据传递。

数据传递,指的是视图与控制器之间的交互,包括两个方向上的数据交互,一个是把控制器的数据传到视图中,在视图中如何显示数据,一个是把视图数据传递到控制器中,

如何在控制器中获取,处理这些数据。

ASP.NET MVC 中所有控制器都继承Controller类,而Controller又继承自ControllerBase,而ControllerBase下又包含ViewData以及TempData视图数据字典。

 一,使用ViewData传递数据

ViewData 只在当前 Action 中有效,生命周期和 View 相同,属于弱类型数据。用法与C#中字典用法相似,以键值对的方式进行存储。

ViewData可以存储任何数据类型,如类,DataTable,DataSet,json等。

用法举例:

public ActionResult Index()
{
        ViewData["mydata"] = "index";
         return View();
}

前台代码:

<%@ Page Language="C#" Inherits="System.Web.Mvc.ViewPage<dynamic>" %>

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>
<head runat="server">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width" />
    <title>Index</title>
</head>
<body>
    <div>
        <%=ViewData["mydata"] %>
        
    </div>
</body>
</html>

二,使用TempData传递数据

 TempData与ViewData类似,以键值对的方式进行存储,保存在Session之中,进行一次读取之后Session就会消失,变为null。看下面代码:

 public ActionResult Index()
        {
            
            //AVON.DMS.DAL.Entities DMS = new AVON.DMS.DAL.Entities();
            //AVON.DMS.Model.REP A = DMS.REP.SingleOrDefault<AVON.DMS.Model.REP>(t => t.NO == "00561874");
            //AVON.DMS.BLL.Rep repBLL = new AVON.DMS.BLL.Rep();
            //AVON.DMS.Model.REP A = repBLL.GetFromRep("00561874");
            //ViewData["mydata"] = A.JOINDATE;
            ViewData["mydata"] = "index";
            TempData["mytemp"] = "huihui";
            return View();
        }

前端代码:

<%@ Page Language="C#" Inherits="System.Web.Mvc.ViewPage<dynamic>" %>

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>
<head runat="server">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width" />
    <title>Index</title>
</head>
<body>
    <div>
        <%=ViewData["mydata"] %>
        <%--<%=TempData["mytemp"] %>--%>
        <a href="add">跳转到下一页</a>
    </div>
</body>
</html>

在浏览器输入地址,http://localhost:7449/dms/index,显示如下:

点击"跳转到下一页",进入http://localhost:7449/dms/add,显示如下:

 

我们看看add这个Action的代码:

 

 public ActionResult Add()
        {

            ViewData["mydata"] = TempData["mytemp"];
            //Session.Remove("temp");
            return View();
        }

 

前端:

<%@ Page Language="C#" Inherits="System.Web.Mvc.ViewPage<dynamic>" %>

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>
<head runat="server">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width" />
    <title>Add</title>
</head>
<body>
    <div>
        add 
        <%=ViewData["mydata"] %>
        <a href="index">跳转到上一页</a>
    </div>
</body>
</html>

可见,add获取到了TempData["mytemp"]的值。我们尝试刷新一下http://localhost:7449/dms/add,显示如下:

ViewData["mttemp"]的值已经变为null,所以,可以看出TempData的值一旦读取,就会失效。需重新赋值。

三,使用Model传递数据

 ViewData与TempData都是弱类型数据,那么如果我们想传递强类型数据,应该怎样编写代码呢?代码如下:

public ActionResult Detail()
        {
            DRMModel.Dealer dealer = new DRMModel.Dealer();
            dealer.RecruiterID = "1";
            dealer.Recruiter = "2";
            dealer.NationalID = "2";
            dealer.dealer_name = "dsdsds";
            dealer.sex = "1";
            dealer.BirthYear = "1989";
            dealer.BirthMonth = "09";
            dealer.BirthDay = "01";
            var Model = dealer;
            return View(Model);
        }

右击detail方法,添加视图,勾选 Create a strongly-typed view,如下图:

点击添加之后,编写如下代码:

<%@ Page Language="C#" Inherits="System.Web.Mvc.ViewPage<DRMModel.Dealer>" %>

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>
<head runat="server">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width" />
    <title>Detail</title>
</head>
<body>
    <div>
        <%=Model.dealer_name %>
    </div>
</body>
</html>

在浏览器输入地址:http://localhost:55706/home/detail,显示如下:

当然,你也可以编写更为复杂的类,传递多个数据对象进行数据绑定。如下图:

 public ActionResult Bind()
        {
            DRMModel.NewDealer newDealer = new DRMModel.NewDealer();
            DRMModel.Dealer dealer = new DRMModel.Dealer();
            dealer.RecruiterID = "1";
            dealer.Recruiter = "2";
            dealer.NationalID = "2";
            dealer.dealer_name = "dsdsds";
            dealer.sex = "1";
            dealer.BirthYear = "1989";
            dealer.BirthMonth = "09";
            dealer.BirthDay = "01";
            DRMModel.Contact contact = new DRMModel.Contact();
            DRMModel.HouseAddress ha = new DRMModel.HouseAddress();
            DRMModel.RDaddress rd = new DRMModel.RDaddress();
            DRMModel.SendAddress sa = new DRMModel.SendAddress();
            newDealer.Contact = contact;
            newDealer.HouseAddress = ha;
            newDealer.RDaddress = rd;
            newDealer.SendAddress = sa;
            newDealer.Dealer = dealer;
            var Model = newDealer;
            return View(Model);
        }

 

以上都是谈了控制器往视图传递数据,那么,控制器怎么获取视图提交的数据呢?今天,我们只介绍获取Post方式传送数据的方法。

假设,表单通过Post方式提交了,下列数据:RecruiterID = "1";Recruiter = "2";NationalID = "2";dealer_name = "dsdsds";

看以下方法代码:

/// <summary>
        /// 处理表单提交数据,方法1:使用传统的Request请求取值
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns></returns>
        [HttpPost]
        public ActionResult AcceptFrom()
        {
            ViewData["RecruiterID"] = Request.Form["RecruiterID"];
            ViewData["Recruiter"] = Request.Form["Recruiter"];
            ViewData["NationalID"] = Request.Form["NationalID"];
            ViewData["dealer_name"] = Request.Form["dealer_name"];
            return View();
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 处理表单提交数据,方法2:Action参数名与表单元素name值一一对应
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="RecruiterID"></param>
        /// <param name="Recruiter"></param>
        /// <param name="NationalID"></param>
        /// <param name="dealer_name"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        [HttpPost]
        public ActionResult AcceptbyPara(string RecruiterID, string Recruiter, string NationalID, string dealer_name)
        {
            ViewData["RecruiterID"] = RecruiterID;
            ViewData["Recruiter"] = Recruiter;
            ViewData["NationalID"] = NationalID;
            ViewData["dealer_name"] = dealer_name;
            return View();
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 处理表单提交数据,方法3:从MVC封装的FormCollection容器中读取
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="form"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        [HttpPost]
        public ActionResult AcceptCollection(FormCollection form)
        {
            ViewData["RecruiterID"] = form["RecruiterID"];
            ViewData["Recruiter"] = form["Recruiter"];
            ViewData["NationalID"] = form["NationalID"];
            ViewData["dealer_name"] = form["dealer_name"];
            return View();
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 处理表单提交数据,方法4:使用实体作为Action参数传入,前提是提交的表单元素名称与实体属性名称一一对应
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="dealer"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        [HttpPost]
        public ActionResult AcceptbyModel(DRMModel.Dealer dealer)
        {
            ViewData["RecruiterID"] = dealer.RecruiterID;
            ViewData["Recruiter"] = dealer.Recruiter;
            ViewData["NationalID"] = dealer.NationalID;
            ViewData["dealer_name"] = dealer.dealer_name;
            return View();
        }

假如。我们要传json数据呢,又应该怎么处理呢?看以下的例子:

我在HomeController 下的Index方法添加如下代码,模拟Post提交json数据。

 public ActionResult Index()
        {
            
            DRMModel.NewDealer newDealer = new DRMModel.NewDealer();
            DRMModel.Dealer dealer = new DRMModel.Dealer();
            dealer.RecruiterID = "1";
            dealer.Recruiter = "2";
            dealer.NationalID = "2";
            dealer.dealer_name = "dsdsds";
            dealer.sex = "1";
            dealer.BirthYear = "1989";
            dealer.BirthMonth = "09";
            dealer.BirthDay = "01";
            DRMModel.Contact contact = new DRMModel.Contact();
            DRMModel.HouseAddress ha = new DRMModel.HouseAddress();
            DRMModel.RDaddress rd = new DRMModel.RDaddress();
            DRMModel.SendAddress sa = new DRMModel.SendAddress();
            newDealer.Contact = contact;
            newDealer.HouseAddress = ha;
            newDealer.RDaddress = rd;
            newDealer.SendAddress = sa;
            newDealer.Dealer = dealer;
            JavaScriptSerializer json = new JavaScriptSerializer();
            string postdata = json.Serialize(newDealer);
            //postdata = "RecruiterID=1&Recruiter=2&NationalID=1&dealer_name=fafaf&sex=1&BirthYear=1989&BirthMonth=09&BirthDay=01";
            string pageHtml = "";
            //var httpWebRequest = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create("http://avondms.avon.com.tw/DMS/DMSApi/api/Newdealer/add");
            var httpWebRequest = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create("http://localhost:55706/home/add");
            //httpWebRequest.ContentType = "text/json";
            //httpWebRequest.ContentType = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded";
            httpWebRequest.ContentType = "application/json";
            httpWebRequest.Method = "POST";

            using (var streamWriter = new StreamWriter(httpWebRequest.GetRequestStream()))
            {
                

                streamWriter.Write(postdata);
                streamWriter.Flush();
                streamWriter.Close();
            }

            var httpResponse = (HttpWebResponse)httpWebRequest.GetResponse();
            using (var streamReader = new StreamReader(httpResponse.GetResponseStream()))
            {
                pageHtml = streamReader.ReadToEnd();
            }

            ViewData["pram1"] = pageHtml;

            return View();
        }

在HomeController add方法添加如下代码:

   [HttpPost]
        public string add(DRMModel.NewDealer newDealer)
        {
            //string rtn = Request.Form["dealer_name"];
            string rtn = newDealer.Dealer.dealer_name;
            return rtn;
        }

在浏览器中输入地址:http://localhost:55706/home/index,显示如下:

由此可见,ASP.NET MVC 可把json数据转化为C#中的强类型数据,只要数据一一对应。

 

好了,今天写到这里,希望对您有所帮助,O(∩_∩)O哈哈~


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