Postfix是一款由IBM资助研发的免费开源电子邮件服务程序，能够很好地兼容Sendmail服务程序，可以方便Sendmail用户迁移到Postfix服务上。Postfix服务程序的邮件收发能力强于Sendmail服务，而且能自动增加、减少进程的数量来保证电子邮件系统的高性能与稳定性。另外，Postfix服务程序由许多小模块组成，每个小模块都可以完成特定的功能，因此可在生产工作环境中根据需求灵活搭配它们。

第1步：安装Postfix服务程序。这一步在RHEL7系统中是多余的。刘遄老师之所以还要写上这一步骤，其目的是让大家在学完本书之后不但能掌握RHEL系统，还能立即上手Fedora、CentOS等主流Linux系统。这样，既然这些系统没有默认安装Postfix服务程序，我们也可以自行搞定。在安装完Postfix服务程序后，需要禁用iptables防火墙，否则外部用户无法访问电子邮件系统。

[root@linuxprobe ~]# yum install postfix Loaded plugins: langpacks, product-id, subscription-manager rhel7 | 4.1 kB 00:00 (1/2): rhel7/group_gz | 134 kB 00:00 (2/2): rhel7/primary_db | 3.4 MB 00:00 Package 2:postfix-2.10.1-6.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version Nothing to do [root@linuxprobe ~]# systemctl disable iptables 第2步：配置Postfix服务程序。大家如果是首次看到Postfix服务程序主配置文件（/etc/ postfix/main.cf），估计会被679行左右的内容给吓到。其实不用担心，这里面绝大多数的内容依然是注释信息。刘遄老师在本书中一直强调正确学习Linux系统的方法，并坚信“负责任的好老师不应该是书本的搬运工，而应该一名优质内容的提炼者”，因此在翻遍了配置参数的介绍，以及结合多年的运维经验后，最终总结出了7个最应该掌握的参数，如表15-1所示。

表15-1 Postfix服务程序主配置文件中的重要参数

参数 作用 myhostname 邮局系统的主机名 mydomain 邮局系统的域名 myorigin 从本机发出邮件的域名名称 inet_interfaces 监听的网卡接口 mydestination 可接收邮件的主机名或域名 mynetworks 设置可转发哪些主机的邮件 relay_domains 设置可转发哪些网域的邮件 在Postfix服务程序的主配置文件中，总计需要修改5处。首先是在第76行定义一个名为myhostname的变量，用来保存服务器的主机名称。请大家记住这个变量的名称，下边的参数需要调用它：

[root@linuxprobe ~]# vim /etc/postfix/main.cf ………………省略部分输出信息……………… 68 # INTERNET HOST AND DOMAIN NAMES 69 # 70 # The myhostname parameter specifies the internet hostname of this 71 # mail system. The default is to use the fully-qualified domain name 72 # from gethostname(). $myhostname is used as a default value for many 73 # other configuration parameters. 74 # 75 #myhostname = host.domain.tld 76 myhostname = mail.linuxprobe.com ………………省略部分输出信息……………… 然后在第83行定义一个名为mydomain的变量，用来保存邮件域的名称。大家也要记住这个变量名称，下面将调用它：

78 # The mydomain parameter specifies the local internet domain name. 79 # The default is to use $myhostname minus the first component. 80 # $mydomain is used as a default value for many other configuration 81 # parameters. 82 # 83 mydomain = linuxprobe.com 在第99行调用前面的mydomain变量，用来定义发出邮件的域。调用变量的好处是避免重复写入信息，以及便于日后统一修改：

85 # SENDING MAIL 86 # 87 # The myorigin parameter specifies the domain that locally-posted 88 # mail appears to come from. The default is to append $myhostname, 89 # which is fine for small sites. If you run a domain with multiple 90 # machines, you should (1) change this to $mydomain and (2) set up 91 # a domain-wide alias database that aliases each user to 92 # [email protected]. 93 # 94 # For the sake of consistency between sender and recipient addresses, 95 # myorigin also specifies the default domain name that is appended 96 # to recipient addresses that have no @domain part. 97 # 98 #myorigin = $myhostname 99 myorigin = $mydomain 第4处修改是在第116行定义网卡监听地址。可以指定要使用服务器的哪些IP地址对外提供电子邮件服务；也可以干脆写成all，代表所有IP地址都能提供电子邮件服务：

103 # The inet_interfaces parameter specifies the network interface 104 # addresses that this mail system receives mail on. By default, 105 # the software claims all active interfaces on the machine. The 106 # parameter also controls delivery of mail to user@[ip.address]. 107 # 108 # See also the proxy_interfaces parameter, for network addresses that 109 # are forwarded to us via a proxy or network address translator. 110 # 111 # Note: you need to stop/start Postfix when this parameter changes. 112 # 113 #inet_interfaces = all 114 #inet_interfaces = $myhostname 115 #inet_interfaces = $myhostname, localhost 116 inet_interfaces = all 最后一处修改是在第164行定义可接收邮件的主机名或域名列表。这里可以直接调用前面定义好的myhostname和mydomain变量（如果不想调用变量，也可以直接调用变量中的值）：

133 # The mydestination parameter specifies the list of domains that this 134 # machine considers itself the final destination for. 135 # 136 # These domains are routed to the delivery agent specified with the 137 # local_transport parameter setting. By default, that is the UNIX 138 # compatible delivery agent that lookups all recipients in /etc/passwd 139 # and /etc/aliases or their equivalent. 140 # 141 # The default is $myhostname + localhost.$mydomain. On a mail domain 142 # gateway, you should also include $mydomain. 143 # 144 # Do not specify the names of virtual domains - those domains are 145 # specified elsewhere (see VIRTUAL_README). 146 # 147 # Do not specify the names of domains that this machine is backup MX 148 # host for. Specify those names via the relay_domains settings for 149 # the SMTP server, or use permit_mx_backup if you are lazy (see 150 # STANDARD_CONFIGURATION_README). 151 # 152 # The local machine is always the final destination for mail addressed 153 # to user@[the.net.work.address] of an interface that the mail system 154 # receives mail on (see the inet_interfaces parameter). 155 # 156 # Specify a list of host or domain names, /file/name or type:table 157 # patterns, separated by commas and/or whitespace. A /file/name 158 # pattern is replaced by its contents; a type:table is matched when 159 # a name matches a lookup key (the right-hand side is ignored). 160 # Continue long lines by starting the next line with whitespace. 161 # 162 # See also below, section "REJECTING MAIL FOR UNKNOWN LOCAL USERS". 163 # 164 mydestination = $myhostname , $mydomain 165 #mydestination = $myhostname, localhost.$mydomain, localhost, $mydomain 166 #mydestination = $myhostname, localhost.$mydomain, localhost, $mydomain, 第3步：创建电子邮件系统的登录账户。Postfix与vsftpd服务程序一样，都可以调用本地系统的账户和密码，因此在本地系统创建常规账户即可。最后重启配置妥当的postfix服务程序，并将其添加到开机启动项中。大功告成！

[root@linuxprobe ~]# useradd boss [root@linuxprobe ~]# echo "linuxprobe" | passwd --stdin boss Changing password for user boss. passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully. [root@linuxprobe ~]# systemctl restart postfix [root@linuxprobe ~]# systemctl enable postfix ln -s '/usr/lib/systemd/system/postfix.service' '/etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/postfix.service'