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WCF身份验证一般常见的方式有:自定义用户名及密码验证、X509证书验证、ASP.NET成员资格(membership)验证、SOAP Header验证、Windows集成验证、WCF身份验证服务(AuthenticationService),这些验证方式其实网上都有相关的介绍文章,我这里算是一个总结吧,顺便对于一些注意细节进行说明,以便大家能更好的掌握这些知识。 第一种:自定义用户名及密码验证(需要借助X509证书) 由于该验证需要借助于X509证书,所以我们需要先创建一个证书,可以利用MS自带的makecert.exe程序来制作测试用证书,使用步骤:请依次打开开始->Microsoft Visual Studio 2010(VS菜单,版本不同,名称有所不同)->Visual Studio Tools->Visual Studio 命令提示,然后执行以下命令: makecert -r -pe -n "CN=ZwjCert" -ss TrustedPeople -sr LocalMachine -sky exchange 上述命令中除了我标粗的部份可改成你实际的请求外(为证书名称),其余的均可以保持不变,命令的意思是:创建一个名为ZwjCert的证书将将其加入到本地计算机的受信任人区域中。 如果需要查看该证书,那么可以通过MMC控制台查询证书,具体操作步骤如下: 运行->MMC,第一次打开Windows没有给我们准备好直接的管理证书的入口,需要自行添加,添加方法如下: 1. 在控制台菜单,文件→添加/删除管理单元→添加按钮→选”证书”→添加→选”我的用户账户”→关闭→确定 这样MMC中左边就有菜单了,然后依次展开:证书(本地计算机)->受信任人->证书,最后就可以在右边的证书列表中看到自己的证书了,如下图示:
证书创建好,我们就可以开始编码了,本文主要讲的就是WCF,所以我们首先定义一个WCF服务契约及服务实现类(后面的各种验证均采用该WCF服务),我这里直接采用默认的代码,如下: namespace WcfAuthentications { [ServiceContract] public interface IService1 { [OperationContract] string GetData(int value); [OperationContract] CompositeType GetDataUsingDataContract(CompositeType composite); } [DataContract] public class CompositeType { bool boolValue = true; string stringValue = "Hello "; [DataMember] public bool BoolValue { get { return boolValue; } set { boolValue = value; } } [DataMember] public string StringValue { get { return stringValue; } set { stringValue = value; } } } } namespace WcfAuthentications { public class Service1 : IService1 { public string GetData(int value) { return string.Format("You entered: {0}", value); } public CompositeType GetDataUsingDataContract(CompositeType composite) { if (composite == null) { throw new ArgumentNullException("composite"); } if (composite.BoolValue) { composite.StringValue += "Suffix"; } return composite; } } } 要实现用户名及密码验证,就需要定义一个继承自UserNamePasswordValidator的用户名及密码验证器类CustomUserNameValidator,代码如下: namespace WcfAuthentications { public class CustomUserNameValidator : UserNamePasswordValidator { public override void Validate(string userName, string password) { if (null == userName || null == password) { throw new ArgumentNullException(); } if (userName != "admin" && password != "wcf.admin") //这里可依实际情况下实现用户名及密码判断 { throw new System.IdentityModel.Tokens.SecurityTokenException("Unknown Username or Password"); } } } } 代码很简单,只是重写其Validate方法,下面就是将创建WCF宿主,我这里采用控制台程序 代码部份: namespace WcfHost { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { using (var host = new ServiceHost(typeof(Service1))) { host.Opened += delegate { Console.WriteLine("Service1 Host已开启!"); }; host.Open(); Console.ReadKey(); } } } } APP.CONFIG部份(这是重点,可以使用WCF配置工具来进行可视化操作配置,参见:http://www.cnblogs.com/Moosdau/archive/2011/04/17/2019002.html): <system.serviceModel> <bindings> <wsHttpBinding> <binding name="Service1Binding"> <security mode="Message"> <message clientCredentialType="UserName" /> </security> </binding> </wsHttpBinding> </bindings> <services> <service behaviorConfiguration="Service1Behavior" name="WcfAuthentications.Service1"> <endpoint address="" binding="wsHttpBinding" bindingConfiguration="Service1Binding" contract="WcfAuthentications.IService1"> <identity> <dns value="ZwjCert" /> </identity> </endpoint> <endpoint address="mex" binding="mexHttpBinding" contract="IMetadataExchange" /> <host> <baseAddresses> <add baseAddress="http://localhost:8732/WcfAuthentications/Service1/" /> </baseAddresses> </host> </service> </services> <behaviors> <serviceBehaviors> <behavior name="Service1Behavior"> <serviceMetadata httpGetEnabled="true" /> <serviceDebug includeExceptionDetailInFaults="false" /> <serviceCredentials> <serviceCertificate findValue="ZwjCert" x509FindType="FindBySubjectName" storeLocation="LocalMachine" storeName="TrustedPeople" /> <userNameAuthentication userNamePasswordValidationMode="Custom" customUserNamePasswordValidatorType="WcfAuthentications.CustomUserNameValidator,WcfAuthentications" /> </serviceCredentials> </behavior> </serviceBehaviors> </behaviors> </system.serviceModel> 这里面有几个需要注意的点: 1.<dns value="ZwjCert" />与<serviceCertificate findValue="ZwjCert" ..>中的value必需都为证书的名称,即:ZwjCert; 2.Binding节点中需配置security节点,message子节点中的clientCredentialType必需设为:UserName; 3.serviceBehavior节点中,需配置serviceCredentials子节点,其中serviceCertificate 中各属性均需与证书相匹配,userNameAuthentication的userNamePasswordValidationMode必需为Custom,customUserNamePasswordValidatorType为上面自定义的用户名及密码验证器类的类型及其程序集 最后就是在客户端使用了,先引用服务,然后看下App.Config,并进行适当的修改,如下: <system.serviceModel> <bindings> <wsHttpBinding> <binding name="WSHttpBinding_IService1" > <security mode="Message"> <transport clientCredentialType="Windows" proxyCredentialType="None" realm="" /> <message clientCredentialType="UserName" negotiateServiceCredential="true" algorithmSuite="Default" /> </security> </binding> </wsHttpBinding> </bindings> <client> <endpoint address="http://localhost:8732/WcfAuthentications/Service1/" binding="wsHttpBinding" bindingConfiguration="WSHttpBinding_IService1" contract="ServiceReference1.IService1" name="WSHttpBinding_IService1"> <identity> <dns value="ZwjCert" /> </identity> </endpoint> </client> </system.serviceModel> 为了突出重点,我这里对Binding节点进行了精简,去掉了许多的属性配置,仅保留重要的部份,如:security节点,修改其endpoint下面的identity中<dns value="ZwjCert" />,这里的value与服务中所说的相同节点相同,就是证书名称,如果不相同,那么就会报错,具体的错误消息大家可以自行试下,我这里限于篇幅内容就不贴出来了。 客户端使用服务代码如下: namespace WCFClient { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { using (var proxy = new ServiceReference1.Service1Client()) { proxy.ClientCredentials.UserName.UserName = "admin"; proxy.ClientCredentials.UserName.Password = "wcf.admin"; string result = proxy.GetData(1); Console.WriteLine(result); var compositeObj = proxy.GetDataUsingDataContract(new CompositeType() { BoolValue = true, StringValue = "test" }); Console.WriteLine(SerializerToJson(compositeObj)); } Console.ReadKey(); } /// <summary> /// 序列化成JSON字符串 /// </summary> static string SerializerToJson<T>(T obj) where T:class { var serializer = new DataContractJsonSerializer(typeof(T)); var stream = new MemoryStream(); serializer.WriteObject(stream,obj); byte[] dataBytes = new byte[stream.Length]; stream.Position = 0; stream.Read(dataBytes, 0, (int)stream.Length); string dataString = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(dataBytes); return dataString; } } } 运行结果如下图示:
如果不传入用户名及密码或传入不正确的用户名及密码,均会报错:
第二种:X509证书验证
WCF服务契约及服务实现类与第一种方法相同,不再重贴代码。 WCF服务器配置如下: <system.serviceModel> <bindings> <wsHttpBinding> <binding name="Service1Binding"> <security mode="Message"> <message clientCredentialType="Certificate" /> </security> </binding> </wsHttpBinding> </bindings> <services> <service behaviorConfiguration="Service1Behavior" name="WcfAuthentications.Service1"> <endpoint address="" binding="wsHttpBinding" bindingConfiguration="Service1Binding" contract="WcfAuthentications.IService1"> </endpoint> <endpoint address="mex" binding="mexHttpBinding" contract="IMetadataExchange" /> <host> <baseAddresses> <add baseAddress="http://127.0.0.1:8732/WcfAuthentications/Service1/" /> </baseAddresses> </host> </service> </services> <behaviors> <serviceBehaviors> <behavior name="Service1Behavior"> <serviceMetadata httpGetEnabled="true" /> <serviceDebug includeExceptionDetailInFaults="false" /> <serviceCredentials> <serviceCertificate findValue="ZwjCert" x509FindType="FindBySubjectName" storeLocation="LocalMachine" storeName="TrustedPeople" /> <clientCertificate> <authentication certificateValidationMode="None"/> </clientCertificate> </serviceCredentials> </behavior> </serviceBehaviors> </behaviors> </system.serviceModel> 这里需注意如下几点: 1.<message clientCredentialType="Certificate" />clientCredentialType设为:Certificate; 2.需配置serviceCredentials节点,其中serviceCertificate 中各属性均需与证书相匹配,clientCertificate里面我将authentication.certificateValidationMode="None",不设置采用默认值其实也可以; 客户端引用服务,自动生成如下配置信息: <system.serviceModel> <bindings> <wsHttpBinding> <binding name="WSHttpBinding_IService1"> <security mode="Message"> <transport clientCredentialType="Windows" proxyCredentialType="None" realm="" /> <message clientCredentialType="Certificate" negotiateServiceCredential="true" algorithmSuite="Default" /> </security> </binding> </wsHttpBinding> </bindings> <client> <endpoint address="http://127.0.0.1:8732/WcfAuthentications/Service1/" binding="wsHttpBinding" bindingConfiguration="WSHttpBinding_IService1" contract="ServiceReference1.IService1" name="WSHttpBinding_IService1" behaviorConfiguration="Service1Nehavior"> <identity> <certificate encodedValue="AwAAAAEAAAAUAAAAkk2avjNCItzUlS2+Xj66ZA2HBZYgAAAAAQAAAOwBAAAwggHoMIIBVaADAgECAhAIAOzFvLxLuUhHJRwHUUh9MAkGBSsOAwIdBQAwEjEQMA4GA1UEAxMHWndqQ2VydDAeFw0xNTEyMDUwMjUyMTRaFw0zOTEyMzEyMzU5NTlaMBIxEDAOBgNVBAMTB1p3akNlcnQwgZ8wDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEBBQADgY0AMIGJAoGBALfGfsiYpIVKu3gPJl790L13+CZWt6doePZHmcjMl+xPQKIR2fDvsCq9ZxzapDgiG4T3mgcVKUv55DBiuHcpXDvXt28m49AjdKwp924bOGKPM56eweKDCzYfLxy5SxaZfA9qjUhnPq3kGu1lfWjXbsp1rKI1UhKJg5b2j0V7AOC3AgMBAAGjRzBFMEMGA1UdAQQ8MDqAEH/MEXV8FHNLtxvllQ5SMbihFDASMRAwDgYDVQQDEwdad2pDZXJ0ghAIAOzFvLxLuUhHJRwHUUh9MAkGBSsOAwIdBQADgYEAdBtBNTK/Aj3woH2ts6FIU3nh7FB2tKQ9L3k6QVL+kCR9mHuqWtYFJTBKxzESN2t0If6muiktcO+C8iNwYpJpPzLAOMFMrTQhkO82gcdr9brQzMWPTraK1IS+GGH8QBIOTLx9zfV/iCIXxRub+Sq9dmRSQjKDeLeHWoE5I6FkQJg=" /> </identity> </endpoint> </client> <behaviors> <endpointBehaviors> <behavior name="Service1Nehavior"> <clientCredentials> <clientCertificate findValue="ZwjCert" x509FindType="FindBySubjectName" storeLocation="LocalMachine" storeName="TrustedPeople" /> </clientCredentials> </behavior> </endpointBehaviors> </behaviors> </system.serviceModel> 可以看出endpoint节点下的identity.certificate的encodedValue包含了加密的数据,另外需要手动增加clientCertificate配置信息,该信息表示证书在本地电脑存放的位置,当然也可以通过代码来动态指定,如:proxy.ClientCredentials.ClientCertificate.SetCertificate("ZwjCert", StoreLocation.LocalMachine, StoreName.My); 客户端使用服务代码如下: static void Main(string[] args) { using (var proxy = new ServiceReference1.Service1Client()) { //proxy.ClientCredentials.ClientCertificate.SetCertificate("ZwjCert", StoreLocation.LocalMachine, StoreName.My); //直接动态指定证书存储位置 string result = proxy.GetData(1); Console.WriteLine(result); var compositeObj = proxy.GetDataUsingDataContract(new CompositeType() { BoolValue = true, StringValue = "test" }); Console.WriteLine(SerializerToJson(compositeObj)); } Console.ReadKey(); } 网上还有另类的针对X509证书验证,主要是采用了自定义的证书验证器类,有兴趣的可以参见这篇文章:http://www.cnblogs.com/ejiyuan/archive/2010/05/31/1748363.html 第三种:ASP.NET成员资格(membership)验证 由于该验证需要借助于X509证书,所以仍然需要创建一个证书(方法如第一种中创建证书方法相同):ZwjCert; 由于该种验证方法是基于ASP.NET的membership,所以需要创建相应的数据库及创建账号,创建数据库,请通过运行aspnet_regsql.exe向导来创建数据库及其相关的表,通过打开ASP.NET 网站管理工具(是一个自带的管理网站),并在上面创建角色及用户,用于后续的验证; 这里特别说明一下,若采用VS2013,VS上是没有自带的GUI按钮来启动该管理工具网站,需要通过如下命令来动态编译该网站: cd C:\Program Files\IIS Express iisexpress.exe /path:C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v4.0.30319\ASP.NETWebAdminFiles /vpath:/WebAdmin /port:12345 /clr:4.0 /ntlm 编译时若出现报错:“System.Configuration.StringUtil”不可访问,因为它受保护级别限制,请将WebAdminPage.cs中代码作如下修改: //取消部份: string appId = StringUtil.GetNonRandomizedHashCode(String.Concat(appPath, appPhysPath)).ToString("x", CultureInfo.InvariantCulture); //新增加部份: Assembly sysConfig = Assembly.LoadFile(@"C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v4.0.30319\System.Configuration.dll"); Type sysConfigType = sysConfig.GetType("System.Configuration.StringUtil"); string appId = ((int)sysConfigType.GetMethod("GetNonRandomizedHashCode").Invoke(null, new object[] { String.Concat(appPath, appPhysPath), true })).ToString("x", CultureInfo.InvariantCulture); 这样就可以按照命令生生成的网址进行访问就可以了。如果像我一样,操作系统为:WINDOWS 10,那么不好意思,生成的网站虽然能够打开,但仍会报错: 遇到错误。请返回上一页并重试。 目前没有找到解决方案,网上有说ASP.NET网站管理工具在WIN10下不被支持,到底为何暂时无解,若大家有知道的还请分享一下(CSDN有别人的求问贴:http://bbs.csdn.net/topics/391819719),非常感谢,我这里就只好换台电脑来运行ASP.NET管理工具网站了。 WCF服务端配置如下: <connectionStrings> <add name="SqlConn" connectionString="Server=.;Database=aspnetdb;Uid=sa;Pwd=www.zuowenjun.cn;"/> </connectionStrings> <system.web> <compilation debug="true" targetFramework="4.5" /> <httpRuntime targetFramework="4.5"/> <membership defaultProvider="SqlMembershipProvider"> <providers> <clear/> <add name="SqlMembershipProvider" type="System.Web.Security.SqlMembershipProvider" connectionStringName="SqlConn" applicationName="/" enablePasswordRetrieval="false" enablePasswordReset="false" requiresQuestionAndAnswer="false" requiresUniqueEmail="true" passwordFormat="Hashed"/> </providers> </membership> </system.web> <system.serviceModel> <behaviors> <serviceBehaviors> <behavior name="Service1Behavior"> <serviceCredentials> <serviceCertificate findValue="ZwjCert" storeLocation="LocalMachine" storeName="TrustedPeople" x509FindType="FindBySubjectName" /> <userNameAuthentication userNamePasswordValidationMode="MembershipProvider" membershipProviderName="SqlMembershipProvider" /> </serviceCredentials> <serviceMetadata httpGetEnabled="true" httpsGetEnabled="true" /> <serviceDebug includeExceptionDetailInFaults="false" /> </behavior> </serviceBehaviors> </behaviors> <bindings> <wsHttpBinding> <binding name="Service1Binding"> <security mode="Message"> <message 全部评论
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