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For an undirected graph with tree characteristics, we can choose any node as the root. The result graph is then a rooted tree. Among all possible rooted trees, those with minimum height are called minimum height trees (MHTs). Given such a graph, write a function to find all the MHTs and return a list of their root labels.

Format
The graph contains n nodes which are labeled from 0 to n - 1. You will be given the number n and a list of undirected edges (each edge is a pair of labels).

You can assume that no duplicate edges will appear in edges. Since all edges are undirected, [0, 1] is the same as [1, 0] and thus will not appear together in edges.

Example 1 :

Input: n = 4, edges = [[1, 0], [1, 2], [1, 3]]

        0
        |
        1
       / \
      2   3 

Output: [1]

Example 2 :

Input: n = 6, edges = [[0, 3], [1, 3], [2, 3], [4, 3], [5, 4]]

     0  1  2
      \ | /
        3
        |
        4
        |
        5 

Output: [3, 4]

Note:

• According to the definition of tree on Wikipedia: “a tree is an undirected graph in which any two vertices are connected by exactly one path. In other words, any connected graph without simple cycles is a tree.”
• The height of a rooted tree is the number of edges on the longest downward path between the root and a leaf.

对于一个具有树特征的无向图，我们可选择任何一个节点作为根。图因此可以成为树，在所有可能的树中，具有最小高度的树被称为最小高度树。给出这样的一个图，写出一个函数找到所有的最小高度树并返回他们的根节点。

格式

该图包含 n 个节点，标记为 0 到 n - 1。给定数字 n 和一个无向边 edges 列表（每一个边都是一对标签）。

你可以假设没有重复的边会出现在 edges 中。由于所有的边都是无向边， [0, 1]和 [1, 0] 是相同的，因此不会同时出现在 edges 里。

示例 1:

输入: n = 4, edges = [[1, 0], [1, 2], [1, 3]]

        0
        |
        1
       / \
      2   3 

输出: [1]

示例 2:

输入: n = 6, edges = [[0, 3], [1, 3], [2, 3], [4, 3], [5, 4]]

     0  1  2
      \ | /
        3
        |
        4
        |
        5 

输出: [3, 4]

说明:

•  根据树的定义，树是一个无向图，其中任何两个顶点只通过一条路径连接。 换句话说，一个任何没有简单环路的连通图都是一棵树。
• 树的高度是指根节点和叶子节点之间最长向下路径上边的数量。

1724 ms

 1 class Solution {
 2     func findMinHeightTrees(_ n: Int, _ edges: [[Int]]) -> [Int]{
 3         var graph = [Int : Set<Int>]()
 4         for edge in edges {
 5             if graph[edge[0]] == nil {
 6                 graph[edge[0]] = [edge[1]]
 7             }else {
 8                 graph[edge[0]]!.insert(edge[1])
 9             }
10             if graph[edge[1]] == nil {
11                 graph[edge[1]] = [edge[0]]
12             }else {
13                 graph[edge[1]]!.insert(edge[0])
14             }
15             
16         }
17         while graph.count > 2 {
18             let list = graph.filter{$1.count == 1}
19             for dict in list {
20                 graph[dict.value.first!]?.remove(dict.key)
21                 graph[dict.key] = nil
22             }
23         }
24         
25         let res = Array(graph.keys)
26         if res.isEmpty {
27             return [0]
28         }
29         return res
30     }
31 }