Swift-文件，文件夹操作大全

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已更新到swift3

ios开发经常会遇到读文件，写文件等，对文件和文件夹的操作，这时就可以使用FileManager，FileHandle等类来实现。

下面总结了各种常用的操作：

1，遍历一个目录下的所有文件

//1、首先我们获取用户文档目录路径
        let manager = FileManager.default
        let urlForDocument = manager.urls(for: .documentDirectory, in: .userDomainMask)
        let url = urlForDocument[0] as URL
        print(url)
        
        //2、对指定的路径执行浅搜索，返回制定目录路径下的文件、子目录及符号链接的列表
        let contentsOfPath = try? manager.contentsOfDirectory(atPath: url.path)
        print("contentsOfPath:\(String(describing: contentsOfPath))")
        
        //3、类似上面的，对指定路径执行浅搜索，返回制定目录路径下的文件、子目录及符号链接的列表
        let hcontentsOfPath = try? manager.contentsOfDirectory(at: url, includingPropertiesForKeys: nil, options: .skipsHiddenFiles)
        print("hcontentsOfPath:\(String(describing: hcontentsOfPath))")
        
        //4、深度遍历，会递归遍历子文件夹（但不会递归符号链接）
        let enumeratorAtPath = manager.enumerator(atPath: url.path)
        print("enumeratorAtPath:\(String(describing: enumeratorAtPath))")
        
        //5、类似上面的，深度遍历，会递归遍历子文件夹（但不会递归符号链接）
        let eunmeratorAtURL = manager.enumerator(at: url, includingPropertiesForKeys: nil, options: .skipsHiddenFiles, errorHandler: nil)
        print("enumeratorAtURL:\(String(describing: eunmeratorAtURL?.allObjects))")
        
        //6、深度遍历，会递归遍历子文件夹（包括符号链接，所以要求性能的话用enumeratorAtPath）
        let subPaths = manager.subpaths(atPath: url.path)
        print("subpaths:\(String(describing: subPaths))")

2，判断文件或文件夹是否存在

//判断文件夹是否存在
        let filePaths:String = NSHomeDirectory() + "/Documents/test1"
        print(filePaths)
        
        let exist = manager.fileExists(atPath: filePaths)
        print(exist)
        if exist {
            print("有")
        }else
        {
            print("无")
        }

3，创建文件夹

方式1：

let myDirectory:String = NSHomeDirectory() + "/Documents/myFile/Files"
        let fileManager = FileManager.default
        
        //withIntermediateDirectories为ture表示路径中间如果有不存在的文件夹都会创建
        try! fileManager.createDirectory(atPath: myDirectory, withIntermediateDirectories: true, attributes: nil)

方式2：

func creatFiles(name:String,baseURL:NSURL) {
        let hmanager = FileManager.default
        let myFolders = baseURL.appendingPathComponent(name, isDirectory: true)
        print("文件夹:\(String(describing: myFolders))")
        
        let exist = hmanager.fileExists(atPath: myFolders!.path)
        
        if !exist {
            try! hmanager.createDirectory(at: myFolders!, withIntermediateDirectories: true, attributes: nil)
        }
        
    }
 
let hurlForDocument = fileManager.urls(for: .documentDirectory, in: .userDomainMask)
let hurl = urlForDocument[0] as NSURL creatFiles(name: "Folder", baseURL: hurl)

4，将对象写入文件

可以通过writeToFile方法，可以创建文件并将对象写入，对象包括String，NSString，UIImage，NSArray，NSDictionary等。
（1）把String保存到文件

let hfilepath:String = NSHomeDirectory() + "/Documents/hero.txt"
let info = "欢迎来到hero11223.com"
try! info.write(toFile: hfilepath, atomically: true, encoding: String.Encoding.utf8)

（2）把图片保存到文件路径下

let h1filePath:String = NSHomeDirectory() + "/Documents/hero.png"
let himage = UIImage(named: "Icon_180.png")
let hdata:Data = UIImagePNGRepresentation(himage!)!
try? hdata.write(to: URL(fileURLWithPath: h1filePath))

（3）把NSArray保存到文件路径下

let array:NSArray = ["aaa","bbb","ccc"]
print(array)
let h2filePath:String = NSHomeDirectory() + "/Documents/array.plist"
print(h2filePath)
array.write(toFile: h2filePath, atomically: true)

（4）把NSDictionary保存到文件路径下

let dictionary:NSDictionary = ["gold":"1kl","silver":"2k"]
print(dictionary)
let h3filePath:String = NSHomeDirectory() + "/Documents/dictionary.plist"
print(h3filePath)
dictionary.write(toFile: h3filePath, atomically: true)

5，创建文件

//创建文件
    func creatFile(name:String,baseurl:URL) {
        let manager = FileManager.default
        
        let file = baseurl.appendingPathComponent(name)
        print("文件：\(file)")
        
        let exist = manager.fileExists(atPath: file.path)
        
        if !exist {
            let data = Data(base64Encoded:"aGVsbG8gd29ybGQ=" ,options:.ignoreUnknownCharacters)
            let createSuccess = manager.createFile(atPath: file.path, contents: data, attributes: nil)
            
            print("文件创建结果：\(createSuccess)")
        }
        
        
    }

//在文档目录下新建test.txt文件
let h1urlForDocument = manager.urls(for: .documentDirectory, in: .userDomainMask)
let h1url = urlForDocument[0]
creatFile(name: "hero11.txt", baseurl: h1url)

6，复制文件

（1）方法1

let fileManager = FileManager.default

let homeDirectory = NSHomeDirectory()

let srcUrl = homeDirectory + "/Documents/hero.txt"

let toUrl = homeDirectory + "/Documents/copyed.txt"
try! fileManager.copyItem(atPath: srcUrl, toPath: toUrl)

（2）方法2

// 定位到用户文档目录

let manager = FileManager.default

let urlForDocument = manager.urls( for:.documentDirectory, in:.userDomainMask)

let url = urlForDocument[0]
 
// 将test.txt文件拷贝到文档目录根目录下的copyed.txt文件

let srcUrl = url.appendingPathComponent("test.txt")

let toUrl = url.appendingPathComponent("copyed.txt")
 
try! manager.copyItem(at: srcUrl, to: toUrl)

7，移动文件
（1）方法1

let fileManager = FileManager.default
let homeDirectory = NSHomeDirectory()
let srcUrl = homeDirectory + "/Documents/hangge.txt"
let toUrl = homeDirectory + "/Documents/moved"
try! fileManager.moveItem(srcUrl, toPath: toUrl)

（2）方法2

// 定位到用户文档目录
let manager = FileManager.default
let urlForDocument = manager.urls( for: .documentDirectory, in:.userDomainMask)
let url = urlForDocument[0]
 
let srcUrl = url.appendingPathComponent("test.txt")
let toUrl = url.appendingPathComponent("copyed.txt")
// 移动srcUrl中的文件（test.txt）到toUrl中（copyed.txt）
try! manager.moveItemAtURL(srcUrl, toURL: toUrl)

8，删除文件
（1）方法1

let fileManager = FileManager.default
let homeDirectory = NSHomeDirectory()
let srcUrl = homeDirectory + "/Documents/hangge.txt"
try! fileManager.removeItem(srcUrl)

（2）方法2

// 定位到用户文档目录
let manager = FileManager.default
let urlForDocument = manager.urls(for: .documentDirectory, in:.userDomainMask)
let url = urlForDocument[0]
 
let toUrl = url.appendingPathComponent("copyed.txt")
// 删除文档根目录下的toUrl路径的文件（copyed.txt文件）
try! manager.removeItem(toUrl)

9，删除目录下所有的文件
（1）方法1：获取所有文件，然后遍历删除

let fileManager = FileManager.default
let myDirectory = NSHomeDirectory() + "/Documents/Files"
let fileArray = fileManager.subpaths(atPath:myDirectory)
for fn in fileArray!{
    try! fileManager.removeItem(myDirectory + "/\(fn)")
}

let fileManager = FileManager.default
let myDirectory = NSHomeDirectory() + "/Documents/Files"
try! fileManager.removeItem(atPath: myDirectory)
try! fileManager.createDirectory(atPath: myDirectory, withIntermediateDirectories: true,
    attributes: nil)

10，读取文件 here

let manager = FileManager.default
let urlsForDocDirectory = manager.urls(for: .documentDirectory, in:.userDomainMask)
let docPath:NSURL = urlsForDocDirectory[0]
let file = docPath.appendingPathComponent("test.txt")
 
//方法1
let readHandler = try! FileHandle(forReadingFrom:file)
let data = readHandler.readDataToEndOfFile()
let readString = String(data: data, encoding: String.Encoding.utf8)
print("文件内容: \(readString)")
 
//方法2
let data = manager.contents(atPath: file.path)
let readString = String(data: data!, encoding: String.Encoding.utf8)
print("文件内容: \(readString)")

11，在任意位置写入数据

let manager = FileManager.default
let urlsForDocDirectory = manager.urls(for:.documentDirectory, in:.userDomainMask)
let docPath:NSURL = urlsForDocDirectory[0]
let file = docPath.appendingPathComponent("test.txt")
 
let string = "添加一些文字到末尾"
let appendedData = string.data(using: String.Encoding.utf8, allowLossyConversion: true)
let writeHandler = try? FileHandle(forWritingTo:file)
writeHandler!.seekToEndOfFile()
writeHandler!.writeData(appendedData!)

12，文件权限判断

let manager = FileManager.default
let urlForDocument = manager.urls(for: .documentDirectory, in:.userDomainMask)
let docPath:NSURL = urlForDocument[0]
let file = docPath.appendingPathComponent("test.txt")
 
let readable = manager.isReadableFile(atPath：file.path!)
print("可读: \(readable)")
let writeable = manager.isWritableFile(atPath：file.path!)
print("可写: \(writeable)")
let executable = manager.isExecutableFile(atPath：file.path!)
print("可执行: \(executable)")
let deleteable = manager.isDeletableFile(atPath：file.path!)
print("可删除: \(deleteable)")

13，获取文件属性（创建时间，修改时间，文件大小，文件类型等信息）

let manager = FileManager.default
let urlForDocument = manager.urls(for: .documentDirectory, in:.userDomainMask)
let docPath:NSURL = urlsForDocDirectory[0]
let file = docPath.appendingPathComponent("test.txt")
 
let attributes = try? manager.attributesOfItem(atPath: file.path!) //结果为AnyObject类型
print("attributes: \(attributes!)")

14，文件/文件夹比较

let manager = FileManager.default
let urlForDocument = manager.urls(for: .documentDirectory, in:.userDomainMask)
let docPath:NSURL = urlForDocument[0]
let contents = try! manager.contentsOfDirectory(atPath: docPath.path!)
 
//下面比较前面两个文件是否内容相同（该方法也可以用来比较目录）
let count = contents.count
if count > 1 {
    let path1 = docPath.path! + "/" + (contents[0] as String)
    let path2 = docPath.path! + "/" + (contents[1] as String)
    let equal = manager.contentsEqualAtPath(path1,andPath:path2)
    print("比较结果: \(equal)")
}