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C#实现智能提示(提示补全)功能

原作者: [db:作者] 来自: [db:来源] 收藏 邀请

近段时间在帮朋友做一个短信发送管理的软件,其中有一个常用短语的功能。大家都知道用手机发送短信的时候一般都有常用短语的功能,朋友的意思也是按着手机那样传统的形式做就算了。但我觉得其中手机的常用短语功能其实并不常用,因为在手机上这功能比较鸡肋。但如果在电脑上,发挥的空间就大了很多,于是我便打算做成像IDE的智能提示(或叫提示补全)的形式。

      在百度和Google上搜索了一下,竟然没发现多少有用的资料。不过我觉得也没必要做到像IDE的智能提示那样的完美,因此按自己的想法做估计也不会太复杂。

      首先建立一个TipsListBox类,其作用是显示提示的信息,此类继承了ListBox,以便我们可以自己控制。将DrawMode属性设为OwnerDrawFixed。添加一个类型为string的属性Prefix。此属性的作用以后会提到。最后我们重写DrawItem事件。代码如下:

privatevoid TipsListBox_DrawItem(objectsender, DrawItemEventArgse)

       {

           if (e.Index < 0)

               return;

           //是否选中了该项

           bool selected = (e.State &DrawItemState.Selected) ==DrawItemState.Selected ?true : false;

 

           e.DrawBackground();

 

           System.Reflection.Assemblyasm = System.Reflection.Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly();

           if (selected)

           {

               Image img =Image.FromStream(asm.GetManifestResourceStream("MM.App.Resources.focus.gif"));

               Brush b =new TextureBrush(img);

               //参数中,e.Bounds表示当前选项在整个listbox中的区域

               e.Graphics.FillRectangle(b,e.Bounds);

           }

           else

           {

               //在背景上画空白

               e.Graphics.FillRectangle(Brushes.White,e.Bounds);

               Image img =Image.FromStream(asm.GetManifestResourceStream("MM.App.Resources.line.bmp"));

               Brush b =new TextureBrush(img);

               //底下线的图片,参数中,23和是根据图片来的,因为需要在最下面显示线条

               e.Graphics.FillRectangle(b,e.Bounds.X,e.Bounds.Y + 23,e.Bounds.Width, 1);

           }

 

           //最后把要显示的文字画在背景图片上

           e.Graphics.DrawString(this.Items[e.Index].ToString(),this.Font, Brushes.Black, e.Bounds.X + 15,e.Bounds.Y + 6,StringFormat.GenericDefault);

 

           //再画一下边框

           ControlPaint.DrawBorder(e.Graphics,this.ClientRectangle,

                                       Color.Beige, 2,ButtonBorderStyle.Solid,

                                       Color.Beige, 2,ButtonBorderStyle.Solid,

                                       Color.Beige, 2,ButtonBorderStyle.Solid,

                                       Color.Beige, 2,ButtonBorderStyle.Solid);

 

       }

发送短信的界面是这样的:

 

在发送内容的输入框里输入要发送的短信,系统应该能提取用户最后输入的字串,然后将此字串放到预定义的常用短语库里匹配,将匹配到的短语列表显示在一个ListBox中。我这里暂时采取的规则比较简单,只提取以空格切分的最后一串的字符,然后匹配常用短语库中以这字串开头的短语。以后再根据客户需要进行扩展修改。

      首先重写短信内容的文本框(RichTextBox)的事件:

privatevoid txtMessageContent_TextChanged(objectsender, EventArgse)

       {

           //提示框的name

           const stringcontrolKey = "lstTips";

           RichTextBox tb = ((RichTextBox)sender);

           //以空格切分

           string[] array =tb.Text.Split(" ".ToCharArray());

           if (array !=null &&  array.Length > 0)

           {

               TipsListBox lstTips =null;

               if(tb.Controls.ContainsKey(controlKey))

               {

                   lstTips = (TipsListBox)tb.Controls[controlKey];

               }

               else

               {

                   lstTips = newTipsListBox();

                   lstTips.Name ="lstTips";

                   //我们要重写这两个事件

                   lstTips.KeyDown +=new KeyEventHandler(lstTips_KeyDown);

                   lstTips.Click +=new EventHandler(lstTips_Click);

               }

               //这个前缀就是放到常用短语库中去匹配的

               string prefix =array[array.Length - 1];

               if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(prefix))

               {

                   lstTips.Hide();

                   return;

               }

               //从常用短语库中查找

               List<GeneralPhraseInfo>list = GeneralPhrasePool.Search(prefix);

               if (list ==null)

                   return;

               //将此前缀保存起来

               lstTips.Prefix =prefix;

               lstTips.Items.Clear();

               foreach (GeneralPhraseInfop in list)

               {

                   lstTips.Items.Add(p.Phrase);

               }

               lstTips.Show();

 

               lstTips.Width = 200;

               lstTips.TabIndex = 100;

               //让提示框跟随光标

               lstTips.Location =tb.GetPositionFromCharIndex(tb.SelectionStart);

               lstTips.Left += 10;

               lstTips.SelectedIndex = 0;

               if (!tb.Controls.ContainsKey(controlKey))

                   tb.Controls.Add(lstTips);

           }

       }

用户在短信输入文本框里按中了键盘的下方向键的话,就将焦点移到ListBox提示框里。

privatevoid txtMessageContent_KeyDown(objectsender, KeyEventArgse)

       {

           RichTextBox tb = ((RichTextBox)sender);

           const stringcontrolKey = "lstTips";

           if (e.KeyCode ==Keys.Down && tb.Controls.ContainsKey(controlKey))

           {

               TipsListBox lstTips = (TipsListBox)tb.Controls[controlKey];

               if(lstTips.Visible)

               {

                   lstTips.Focus();

               }

           }

               

       }

然后重写ListBox的两个事件,比较简单,直接上代码:

voidlstTips_Click(objectsender, EventArgse)

       {

           TipsListBox lstTips = (TipsListBox)sender;

           if(lstTips.SelectedIndex > -1)

           {

               string tips =lstTips.SelectedItem.ToString();

               txtMessageContent.AppendText(tips =tips.Substring(lstTips.Prefix.Length,tips.Length - lstTips.Prefix.Length));

               lstTips.Hide();

               txtMessageContent.Focus();

           }

       }

 

       void lstTips_KeyDown(object sender, KeyEventArgs e)

       {

           if (e.KeyCode ==Keys.Enter)

           {

               //如果敲的是回车,就选定短语

               TipsListBox lstTips = (TipsListBox)sender;

               if (lstTips.SelectedIndex > -1)

               {

                   string tips =lstTips.SelectedItem.ToString();

                   txtMessageContent.AppendText(tips =tips.Substring(lstTips.Prefix.Length,tips.Length - lstTips.Prefix.Length));

                   lstTips.Hide();

                   txtMessageContent.Focus();

               }

               return;

           }

           //只允许在ListBox上操作上键和下键,其它键都使焦点返回到短信输入框

           if (e.KeyCode !=Keys.Down && e.KeyCode != Keys.Up)

               txtMessageContent.Focus();

       }

到了这里,大家该差不多明白其中的流程了。不过可能对这一句有点疑惑:List<GeneralPhraseInfo>list = GeneralPhrasePool.Search(prefix);

为了提高性能,我预先将常用短语提取出来排好序,然后放到内存中。排序非常简单,用一条sql就可以搞定:Select * from dbo.GeneralPhrase order by Phrase

GeneralPhrase表里只有两个字段,一个是自增型主键,另一个就是Phrase类型为varchar。

既然已经排好序了,那当然用二分查找法。

publicstatic List<GeneralPhraseInfo>Search(string prefix)

       {

           if (list ==null || list.Count == 0)

               return null;

           int start = 0;

           int end =list.Count - 1;

           int middle = (start +end) / 2;

           int first = 0;

           int last = 0;

           while (start <=end)

           {

               if (list[middle].Phrase.StartsWith(prefix,StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))

               {

                   //好,找到了一个

                   first = middle;

                   if(middle >start)

                   {

                       --middle;

                       //只要这个之前的也符合

                       while (list[middle].Phrase.StartsWith(prefix,StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))

                       {

                           first = middle;

                           if (middle > -1)

                               --middle;

                           else

                               break;

                       }

                   }

                   //重置索引

                   middle = (start +end) / 2;

                   last = middle;

                   if(middle <end)

                   {

                       ++middle;

                       //只要这个之后的也符合

                       while (list[middle].Phrase.StartsWith(prefix,StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))

                       {

                           last = middle;

                           if (middle <list.Count)

                               ++middle;

                           else

                               break;

                       }

                   }

                   

                   return list.GetRange(first,last - first + 1);

               }

               else if (list[middle].Phrase.ToLower().CompareTo(prefix) < 0 )

               {

                   start = middle + 1;

               }

               else

               {

                   end = middle - 1;

               }

               middle = (start +end) / 2;

           }

           //找不到

           return null;

       }

最后的效果如下:


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