C#操作MongoDB数据库方法

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本文利用MongoDB官方发布的C#驱动，封闭了对MongoDB数据库的增删改查访问方法。

1、引用MongoDB for C# Driver

从网上下载C#访问MongoDB的驱动，得到两个DLL：

MongoDB.Driver.dll
MongoDB.Bson.dll

将它们引用到项目中。

2、编写数据库访问帮助类

编写MongoDB访问帮助类MongoDbHelper：

  1 using System;
  2 using System.Collections.Generic;
  3 using System.Linq;
  4 using MongoDB.Bson;
  5 using MongoDB.Driver;
  6 using MongoDB.Driver.Builders;
  7 using MongoDbTest.Models;
  8 
  9 namespace MongoDbTest
 10 {
 11     /// <summary>
 12     /// MongoDB帮助类
 13     /// </summary>
 14     internal static class MongoDbHepler
 15     {
 16         /// <summary>
 17         /// 获取数据库实例对象
 18         /// </summary>
 19         /// <param name="connectionString">数据库连接串</param>
 20         /// <param name="dbName">数据库名称</param>
 21         /// <returns>数据库实例对象</returns>
 22         private static MongoDatabase GetDatabase(string connectionString, string dbName)
 23         {
 24             var server = MongoServer.Create(connectionString);
 25             return server.GetDatabase(dbName);
 26         }
 27 
 28         #region 新增
 29 
 30         /// <summary>
 31         /// 插入一条记录
 32         /// </summary>
 33         /// <typeparam name="T">数据类型</typeparam>
 34         /// <param name="connectionString">数据库连接串</param>
 35         /// <param name="dbName">数据名称</param>
 36         /// <param name="collectionName">集合名称</param>
 37         /// <param name="model">数据对象</param>
 38         public static void Insert<T>(string connectionString, string dbName, string collectionName, T model) where T : EntityBase
 39         {
 40             if (model == null)
 41             {
 42                 throw new ArgumentNullException("model", "待插入数据不能为空");
 43             }
 44             var db = GetDatabase(connectionString, dbName);
 45             var collection = db.GetCollection<T>(collectionName);
 46             collection.Insert(model);
 47         }
 48 
 49         #endregion
 50 
 51         #region 更新
 52 
 53         /// <summary>
 54         /// 更新数据
 55         /// </summary>
 56         /// <param name="connectionString">数据库连接串</param>
 57         /// <param name="dbName">数据库名称</param>
 58         /// <param name="collectionName">集合名称</param>
 59         /// <param name="query">查询条件</param>
 60         /// <param name="dictUpdate">更新字段</param>
 61         public static void Update(string connectionString, string dbName, string collectionName, IMongoQuery query, Dictionary<string, BsonValue> dictUpdate)
 62         {
 63             var db = GetDatabase(connectionString, dbName);
 64             var collection = db.GetCollection(collectionName);
 65             var update = new UpdateBuilder();
 66             if (dictUpdate != null && dictUpdate.Count > 0)
 67             {
 68                 foreach (var item in dictUpdate)
 69                 {
 70                     update.Set(item.Key, item.Value);
 71                 }
 72             }
 73             var d = collection.Update(query, update, UpdateFlags.Multi);
 74         }
 75 
 76         #endregion
 77 
 78         #region 查询
 79 
 80         /// <summary>
 81         /// 根据ID获取数据对象
 82         /// </summary>
 83         /// <typeparam name="T">数据类型</typeparam>
 84         /// <param name="connectionString">数据库连接串</param>
 85         /// <param name="dbName">数据库名称</param>
 86         /// <param name="collectionName">集合名称</param>
 87         /// <param name="id">ID</param>
 88         /// <returns>数据对象</returns>
 89         public static T GetById<T>(string connectionString, string dbName, string collectionName, ObjectId id)
 90             where T : EntityBase
 91         {
 92             var db = GetDatabase(connectionString, dbName);
 93             var collection = db.GetCollection<T>(collectionName);
 94             return collection.FindOneById(id);
 95         }
 96 
 97         /// <summary>
 98         /// 根据查询条件获取一条数据
 99         /// </summary>
100         /// <typeparam name="T">数据类型</typeparam>
101         /// <param name="connectionString">数据库连接串</param>
102         /// <param name="dbName">数据库名称</param>
103         /// <param name="collectionName">集合名称</param>
104         /// <param name="query">查询条件</param>
105         /// <returns>数据对象</returns>
106         public static T GetOneByCondition<T>(string connectionString, string dbName, string collectionName, IMongoQuery query)
107             where T : EntityBase
108         {
109             var db = GetDatabase(connectionString, dbName);
110             var collection = db.GetCollection<T>(collectionName);
111             return collection.FindOne(query);
112         }
113 
114         /// <summary>
115         /// 根据查询条件获取多条数据
116         /// </summary>
117         /// <typeparam name="T">数据类型</typeparam>
118         /// <param name="connectionString">数据库连接串</param>
119         /// <param name="dbName">数据库名称</param>
120         /// <param name="collectionName">集合名称</param>
121         /// <param name="query">查询条件</param>
122         /// <returns>数据对象集合</returns>
123         public static List<T> GetManyByCondition<T>(string connectionString, string dbName, string collectionName, IMongoQuery query)
124             where T : EntityBase
125         {
126             var db = GetDatabase(connectionString, dbName);
127             var collection = db.GetCollection<T>(collectionName);
128             return collection.Find(query).ToList();
129         }
130 
131         /// <summary>
132         /// 根据集合中的所有数据
133         /// </summary>
134         /// <typeparam name="T">数据类型</typeparam>
135         /// <param name="connectionString">数据库连接串</param>
136         /// <param name="dbName">数据库名称</param>
137         /// <param name="collectionName">集合名称</param>
138         /// <returns>数据对象集合</returns>
139         public static List<T> GetAll<T>(string connectionString, string dbName, string collectionName)
140             where T : EntityBase
141         {
142             var db = GetDatabase(connectionString, dbName);
143             var collection = db.GetCollection<T>(collectionName);
144             return collection.FindAll().ToList();
145         }
146 
147         #endregion
148 
149         #region 删除
150 
151         /// <summary>
152         /// 删除集合中符合条件的数据
153         /// </summary>
154         /// <param name="connectionString">数据库连接串</param>
155         /// <param name="dbName">数据库名称</param>
156         /// <param name="collectionName">集合名称</param>
157         /// <param name="query">查询条件</param>
158         public static void DeleteByCondition(string connectionString, string dbName, string collectionName, IMongoQuery query)
159         {
160             var db = GetDatabase(connectionString, dbName);
161             var collection = db.GetCollection(collectionName);
162             collection.Remove(query);
163         }
164 
165         /// <summary>
166         /// 删除集合中的所有数据
167         /// </summary>
168         /// <param name="connectionString">数据库连接串</param>
169         /// <param name="dbName">数据库名称</param>
170         /// <param name="collectionName">集合名称</param>
171         public static void DeleteAll(string connectionString, string dbName, string collectionName)
172         {
173             var db = GetDatabase(connectionString, dbName);
174             var collection = db.GetCollection(collectionName);
175             collection.RemoveAll();
176         }
177 
178         #endregion
179 
180     }
181 }

View Code

3、编写测试类

（1）配置数据库参数

在配置文件中编写数据库连接串和数据库名称。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<configuration>
  <appSettings>
    <!--MongoDB数据库连接串-->
    <add key="MongoDBConn" value="mongodb://127.0.0.1:27017"/>
    <!--MongoDB数据库名称-->
    <add key="MongoDBName" value="mydb"/>
  </appSettings> 
    <startup> 
        <supportedRuntime version="v4.0" sku=".NETFramework,Version=v4.5" />
    </startup>
</configuration>

View Code

将其写入C#代码中：

using System.Configuration;

namespace MongoDbTest
{
    /// <summary>
    /// 数据库配置参数
    /// </summary>
    internal static class DbConfigParams
    {
        private static string _conntionString = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["MongoDBConn"];

        /// <summary>
        /// 获取 数据库连接串
        /// </summary>
        public static string ConntionString
        {
            get { return _conntionString; }
        }

        private static string _dbName = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["MongoDBName"];

        /// <summary>
        /// 获取 数据库名称
        /// </summary>
        public static string DbName
        {
            get { return _dbName; }
        }
    }
}

View Code

另外，将集合名称写到C#代码中作为字符串常量：

namespace MongoDbTest
{
    public class CollectionNames
    {
        public const string User = "User";

        public const string Student = "Student";
    }
}

View Code

（2）编写实体类

首先，编写实体基类，其中含有默认的Id：

using MongoDB.Bson;
using MongoDB.Bson.Serialization.Attributes;

namespace MongoDbTest.Models
{
    /// <summary>
    /// 实体基类
    /// </summary>
    public class EntityBase
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// 主键
        /// </summary>
        [BsonId]
        public ObjectId Id { get; set; }
    }
}

View Code

然后，编写实体类：

namespace MongoDbTest.Models
{
    /// <summary>
    /// 学生类
    /// </summary>
    public class Student : EntityBase
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// 获取 姓名
        /// </summary>
        public string Name { get; set; }

        /// <summary>
        /// 获取 年龄
        /// </summary>
        public int Age { get; set; }

        /// <summary>
        /// 获取 状态
        /// </summary>
        public State State { get; set; }
    }
}

View Code

其中，State枚举类定义如下：

namespace MongoDbTest.Models
{
    /// <summary>
    /// 状态
    /// </summary>
    public enum State
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// 全部
        /// </summary>
        All = 0,

        /// <summary>
        /// 正常
        /// </summary>
        Normal = 1,

        /// <summary>
        /// 未使用
        /// </summary>
        Unused = 2,
    }
}

View Code

（3）编写测试代码

在主程序中编写测试代码：

  1 using System;
  2 using System.Collections.Generic;
  3 using MongoDB.Bson;
  4 using MongoDB.Driver.Builders;
  5 using MongoDbTest.Models;
  6 
  7 namespace MongoDbTest
  8 {
  9     class Program
 10     {
 11         static void Main(string[] args)
 12         {
 13             Console.Title = "Mongo DB Test";
 14             InsertTest();
 15             //QueryTest();
 16             //UpdateTest();
 17             DeleteTest();
 18 
 19             Console.WriteLine("Finish!");
 20 
 21             Console.ReadLine();
 22         }
 23 
 24         /// <summary>
 25         /// 插入数据测试
 26         /// </summary>
 27         static void InsertTest()
 28         {
 29             var random = new Random();
 30             for (var i = 1; i <= 10; i++)
 31             {
 32                 var item = new Student()
 33                 {
 34                     Name = "我的名字" + i,
 35                     Age = random.Next(25, 30),
 36                     State = i%2 == 0 ? State.Normal : State.Unused
 37                 };
 38                 MongoDbHepler.Insert(DbConfigParams.ConntionString, DbConfigParams.DbName, CollectionNames.Student, item);
 39             }
 40         }
 41 
 42         /// <summary>
 43         /// 查询测试
 44         /// </summary>
 45         static void QueryTest()
 46         {
 47             var queryBuilder = new QueryBuilder<Student>();
 48             var query = queryBuilder.GTE(x => x.Age, 27);
 49             var ltModel = MongoDbHepler.GetManyByCondition<Student>(DbConfigParams.ConntionString, DbConfigParams.DbName,
 50                 CollectionNames.Student, query);
 51             if (ltModel != null && ltModel.Count > 0)
 52             {
 53                 foreach (var item in ltModel)
 54                 {
 55                     Console.WriteLine("姓名：{0}，年龄：{1}，状态：{2}",
 56                         item.Name, item.Age, GetStateDesc(item.State));
 57                 }
 58             }
 59         }
 60 
 61         /// <summary>
 62         /// 更新测试
 63         /// </summary>
 64         static void UpdateTest()
 65         {
 66             var queryBuilder = new QueryBuilder<Student>();
 67             var query = queryBuilder.GTE(x => x.Age, 27);
 68             var dictUpdate = new Dictionary<string, BsonValue>();
 69             dictUpdate["State 
                       
                    
                     
                      



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