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概述:本文描述TypeScript环境搭建,以及基于VSCode的自动编译设置和调试设置。网络上很多相应文章的方式过时了或者无法试验成功。 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- TypeScript简介:由微软开发的开源免费的编程语言,是JavaScript语言的一个超集,本质上为JavaScript语言添加了可选的静态类型和基于类的面向对象编程概念。 TypeScript的作者是大名鼎鼎的Anders Hejlsberg,没错,就是Delphi和C#之父。
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1、TypeScript环境搭建: ① 操作系统:Windows 7 64位旗舰版 ② 从Node.JS官网(https://nodejs.org/en/)下载当前稳定版本的Node.js(截至2019年04月27日,node-v10.15.3-x64.msi) 下载完毕,点击安装,选择好安装路径,一路回车安装即可。
③ 当前版本的Node.js默认就带有npm工具。所以,安装完毕后,在命令行窗口中分别输入node -v 和 npm -v,查看版本信息,验证是否安装成功。 ④ 使用npm安装TypeScript,在命令行窗口中输入 npm install -g typescript,全局安装TypeScript。安装完成后,可以输入 tsc -v,查看TypeScript编译器的版本信息。 ⑤ 新建一个demo.ts文件 function say(msg) { return "Hello, " + msg; } let str = "TypeScript"; console.log(say(str)); 在命令行窗口中,使用tsc指令(输入: tsc demo.ts)编译为对应的JavaScript文件demo.js,打开该文件 function say(msg) { return "Hello, " + msg; } var str = "TypeScript"; console.log(say(str)); 可以使用Node.js对生成的JavaScript文件进行执行 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2、使用VSCode搭建开发环境 ① 从VSCode官网(https://code.visualstudio.com)下载当前稳定版本(截至2019年04月27日,VSCodeUserSetup-x64-1.33.1.exe) ② 喜欢中文的朋友可以安装VSCode的中文插件 ③ 创建目录demo,使用VSCode选择该目录,点击"终端"----->新建终端(快捷键:ctrl + shift + `),输入 tsc --init,创建出tsconfig.json文件。 ④ tsconfig.json是TypeScript的配置文件,我们放开sourceMap 和 outDir的设置。其中,sourceMap是为了后续调试使用,outDir指定了自动编译时生成出JavaScript文件的位置。 { "compilerOptions": { /* Basic Options */ "target": "es5", /* Specify ECMAScript target version: 'ES3' (default), 'ES5', 'ES2015', 'ES2016', 'ES2017', 'ES2018', 'ES2019' or 'ESNEXT'. */ "module": "commonjs", /* Specify module code generation: 'none', 'commonjs', 'amd', 'system', 'umd', 'es2015', or 'ESNext'. */ // "lib": [], /* Specify library files to be included in the compilation. */ // "allowJs": true, /* Allow javascript files to be compiled. */ // "checkJs": true, /* Report errors in .js files. */ // "jsx": "preserve", /* Specify JSX code generation: 'preserve', 'react-native', or 'react'. */ // "declaration": true, /* Generates corresponding '.d.ts' file. */ // "declarationMap": true, /* Generates a sourcemap for each corresponding '.d.ts' file. */ "sourceMap": true, /* Generates corresponding '.map' file. */ // "outFile": "./", /* Concatenate and emit output to single file. */ "outDir": "./js", /* Redirect output structure to the directory. */ // "rootDir": "./", /* Specify the root directory of input files. Use to control the output directory structure with --outDir. */ // "composite": true, /* Enable project compilation */ // "incremental": true, /* Enable incremental compilation */ // "tsBuildInfoFile": "./", /* Specify file to store incremental compilation information */ // "removeComments": true, /* Do not emit comments to output. */ // "noEmit": true, /* Do not emit outputs. */ // "importHelpers": true, /* Import emit helpers from 'tslib'. */ // "downlevelIteration": true, /* Provide full support for iterables in 'for-of', spread, and destructuring when targeting 'ES5' or 'ES3'. */ // "isolatedModules": true, /* Transpile each file as a separate module (similar to 'ts.transpileModule'). */ /* Strict Type-Checking Options */ "strict": true, /* Enable all strict type-checking options. */ // "noImplicitAny": true, /* Raise error on expressions and declarations with an implied 'any' type. */ // "strictNullChecks": true, /* Enable strict null checks. */ // "strictFunctionTypes": true, /* Enable strict checking of function types. */ // "strictBindCallApply": true, /* Enable strict 'bind', 'call', and 'apply' methods on functions. */ // "strictPropertyInitialization": true, /* Enable strict checking of property initialization in classes. */ // "noImplicitThis": true, /* Raise error on 'this' expressions with an implied 'any' type. */ // "alwaysStrict": true, /* Parse in strict mode and emit "use strict" for each source file. */ /* Additional Checks */ // "noUnusedLocals": true, /* Report errors on unused locals. */ // "noUnusedParameters": true, /* Report errors on unused parameters. */ // "noImplicitReturns": true, /* Report error when not all code paths in function return a value. */ // "noFallthroughCasesInSwitch": true, /* Report errors for fallthrough cases in switch statement. */ /* Module Resolution Options */ // "moduleResolution": "node", /* Specify module resolution strategy: 'node' (Node.js) or 'classic' (TypeScript pre-1.6). */ // "baseUrl": "./", /* Base directory to resolve non-absolute module names. */ // "paths": {}, /* A series of entries which re-map imports to lookup locations relative to the 'baseUrl'. */ // "rootDirs": [], /* List of root folders whose combined content represents the structure of the project at runtime. */ // "typeRoots": [], /* List of folders to include type definitions from. */ // "types": [], /* Type declaration files to be included in compilation. */ // "allowSyntheticDefaultImports": true, /* Allow default imports from modules with no default export. This does not affect code emit, just typechecking. */ "esModuleInterop": true /* Enables emit interoperability between CommonJS and ES Modules via creation of namespace objects for all imports. Implies 'allowSyntheticDefaultImports'. */ // "preserveSymlinks": true, /* Do not resolve the real path of symlinks. */ /* Source Map Options */ // "sourceRoot": "", /* Specify the location where debugger should locate TypeScript files instead of source locations. */ // "mapRoot": "", /* Specify the location where debugger should locate map files instead of generated locations. */ // "inlineSourceMap": true, /* Emit a single file with source maps instead of having a separate file. */ // "inlineSources": true, /* Emit the source alongside the sourcemaps within a single file; requires '--inlineSourceMap' or '--sourceMap' to be set. */ /* Experimental Options */ // "experimentalDecorators": true, /* Enables experimental support for ES7 decorators. */ // "emitDecoratorMetadata": true, /* Enables experimental support for emitting type metadata for decorators. */ } } ⑤ 编写TypeScript文件sample.ts // 定义类 class Person { // 成员变量 name: string; age: number; // 构造函数 constructor(name: string, age: number) { this.name = name; this.age = age; } // 成员方法 say(): void { console.log('姓名:' + this.name + ',年龄:' + this.age); } } // 实例化 let person = new Person('temptation', 18); person.say(); ⑥ 点击"终端"----->运行生成任务(快捷键:ctrl + shift + B),选择tsc:监视 - tsconfig.json,一会儿就会生成js目录以及对应ts文件的js文件 生成的JavaScript文件内容如下: "use strict"; // 定义类 var Person = /** @class */ (function () { // 构造函数 function Person(name, age) { this.name = name; this.age = age; } // 成员方法 Person.prototype.say = function () { console.log('姓名:' + this.name + ',年龄:' + this.age); }; return Person; }()); // 实例化 var person = new Person('temptation', 18); person.say(); //# sourceMappingURL=sample.js.map ⑦ 调试TypeScript文件。在需要中断的位置,使用F9设置断点。再点击F5启动调试即可。F10单步调试。F11单步走入。 ⑧ HTML文件不能直接使用TypeScript,需要使用TypeScript自动编译生成的JavaScript文件。 可以在VSCode中安装open in browser这个插件,运行时,在HTML文件中右键找到Open In Default/Other Browser,打开相应的浏览器。在浏览器的控制台看到执行结果 <!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge"> <title>TypeScript使用示例</title> </head> <body> <script src="js/sample.js"></script> </body> </html> |
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