R语言基础(一) 可视化基础

> which.max(apply(x[c("x1","x2","x3")], 1, sum)) 49

> x$num[which.max(apply(x[c("x1","x2","x3")], 1, sum))] [1] 2005138149

> hist(x$x1)

> plot(x$x1,x$x2)

> table(x$x1)

80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 95 96 97 98 99 100   2   3   4   3   8   3   6   6   6   7   4   6   4   8   8   3   5   6   6   2

> barplot(table(x$x1))

> pie(table(x$x2))

> boxplot(x$x1, x$x2, x$x3)

> boxplot(x[2:4], col=c("red", "blue", "green"), notch=T)

> stars(x[c("x1","x2","x3")])

> stars(x[c("x1","x2","x3")],full=T, draw.segment=T)

> faces(x[c("x1","x2","x3")])

> stem(x$x1)

The decimal point is at the |

80 | 00000    82 | 0000000    84 | 00000000000    86 | 000000000000    88 | 0000000000000    90 | 0000000000    92 | 000000000000    94 | 00000000    96 | 00000000    98 | 000000000000   100 | 00

> stem(x$x2, scale = 1, width = 80, atom = 1e-08)

The decimal point is 1 digit(s) to the right of the |

6 | 23   6 | 7788889   7 | 00001222333444444   7 | 55666677777788888999   8 | 0000000000111122233333344444   8 | 5566666677778999   9 | 001112234   9 | 5

> stem(x$x3, scale = 1, width = 80, atom = 1e-08)

  The decimal point is 1 digit(s) to the right of the |

   3 | 9    4 |    5 | 0022346788    6 | 1112233344555667789    7 | 022223344444555667889    8 | 0122333444455677999    9 | 000112223345666777889   10 | 000000000

> qqnorm(x1) > qqline(x1)

> qqnorm(x2)

> qqline(x2)

##数据获取

x1=round(runif(100,min=80,max=100))

x2=round(rnorm(100,mean=80, sd=7))

x3=round(rnorm(100,mean=80,sd=18))

x3[which(x3>100)]=100

num=seq(2005138101,length=100)

x=data.frame(num,x1,x2,x3)

write.table(x, "grade.txt")

##数据分析

y=read.table("grade.txt")

mean(y)

colMeans(y)

colMeans(y)(c("x1","x2","x3"))

#//2代表按列取平均值

apply(x, 2, mean)

apply(x, 2, max)

apply(x, 2, min)

apply(x[c("x1","x2","x3")], 2, sum)

#常用分布函数

均匀分布：runif()

正态分布：rnorm()

二项式分布：rbinom()

gamma分布：rgamma()

泊松分布：rpois()

指数分布：rexp()

几何分布：rgeom()