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数组是一个可以在两个以上的维度存储数据的R数据对象。例如 - 如果创建尺寸(2,3,4)的数组,那么创建4个矩形矩阵每2行3列。数组只能存储数据类型。 使用 array()函数创建数组。它需要向量作为输入,并使用 dim 参数的值,以创建一个数组。 示例例子下面将创建的每两个3×3矩阵的数组,具有3行3列。 # Create two vectors of different lengths. vector1 <- c(5,9,3) vector2 <- c(10,11,12,13,14,15) # Take these vectors as input to the array. result <- array(c(vector1,vector2),dim=c(3,3,2)) print(result) 当我们上面的代码执行时,它产生以下结果: , , 1 [,1] [,2] [,3] [1,] 5 10 13 [2,] 9 11 14 [3,] 3 12 15 , , 2 [,1] [,2] [,3] [1,] 5 10 13 [2,] 9 11 14 [3,] 3 12 15 命名列和行我们可以通过使用dimnames参数给予名称添加到数组中的行,列和矩阵。 # Create two vectors of different lengths. vector1 <- c(5,9,3) vector2 <- c(10,11,12,13,14,15) column.names <- c("COL1","COL2","COL3") row.names <- c("ROW1","ROW2","ROW3") matrix.names <- c("Matrix1","Matrix2") # Take these vectors as input to the array. result <- array(c(vector1,vector2),dim=c(3,3,2),dimnames = list(column.names,row.names,matrix.names)) print(result) 当我们上面的代码执行时,它产生以下结果: , , Matrix1 ROW1 ROW2 ROW3 COL1 5 10 13 COL2 9 11 14 COL3 3 12 15 , , Matrix2 ROW1 ROW2 ROW3 COL1 5 10 13 COL2 9 11 14 COL3 3 12 15 访问数组元素# Create two vectors of different lengths. vector1 <- c(5,9,3) vector2 <- c(10,11,12,13,14,15) column.names <- c("COL1","COL2","COL3") row.names <- c("ROW1","ROW2","ROW3") matrix.names <- c("Matrix1","Matrix2") # Take these vectors as input to the array. result <- array(c(vector1,vector2),dim=c(3,3,2),dimnames = list(column.names,row.names,matrix.names)) # Print the third row of the second matrix of the array. print(result[3,,2]) # Print the element in the 1st row and 3rd column of the 1st matrix. print(result[1,3,1]) # Print the 2nd Matrix. print(result[,,2]) 当我们上面的代码执行时,它产生以下结果: ROW1 ROW2 ROW3 3 12 15 [1] 13 ROW1 ROW2 ROW3 COL1 5 10 13 COL2 9 11 14 COL3 3 12 15 操纵数组元素作为数组由矩阵中多个维度上数组的元素的操作,是由访问矩阵的元素进行。 # Create two vectors of different lengths. vector1 <- c(5,9,3) vector2 <- c(10,11,12,13,14,15) # Take these vectors as input to the array. array1 <- array(c(vector1,vector2),dim=c(3,3,2)) # Create two vectors of different lengths. vector3 <- c(9,1,0) vector4 <- c(6,0,11,3,14,1,2,6,9) array2 <- array(c(vector1,vector2),dim=c(3,3,2)) # create matrices from these arrays. matrix1 <- array1[,,2] matrix2 <- array2[,,2] # Add the matrices. result <- matrix1+matrix2 print(result) 当我们上面的代码执行时,它产生以下结果: [,1] [,2] [,3] [1,] 10 20 26 [2,] 18 22 28 [3,] 6 24 30 跨越数组元素计算我们可以用 apply()函数在一个数组做跨越元素计算。 语法apply(x, margin, fun) 以下是所使用的参数的说明:
示例我们使用下面的 apply()函数来计算在所有矩阵中的阵列的行中的元素的总和。 # Create two vectors of different lengths. vector1 <- c(5,9,3) vector2 <- c(10,11,12,13,14,15) # Take these vectors as input to the array. new.array <- array(c(vector1,vector2),dim=c(3,3,2)) print(new.array) # Use apply to calculate the sum of the rows across all the matrices. result <- apply(new.array, c(1), sum) print(result) 当我们上面的代码执行时,它产生以下结果: , , 1 [,1] [,2] [,3] [1,] 5 10 13 [2,] 9 11 14 [3,] 3 12 15 , , 2 [,1] [,2] [,3] [1,] 5 10 13 [2,] 9 11 14 [3,] 3 12 15 [1] 56 68 60 |
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