( 一 ) 使用动态创建的方法
uses ComObj;
首先创建 Excel 对象 Var ExcelApp : Variant ; ExcelApp := CreateOleObject ( '' Excel.Application '' ) ;
得到 Excel 的行数和列数 ExcelApp.worksheets[1].usedrange.rows.count ExcelApp.worksheets[1].usedrange.columns.count;
1 ) 显示当前窗口: ExcelApp.Visible := True ;
2 ) 更改 Excel 标题栏: ExcelApp.Caption := '' 应用程序调用 Microsoft Excel '' ;
3 ) 添加新工作簿: ExcelApp.WorkBooks.Add ;
4 ) 打开已存在的工作簿: ExcelApp.WorkBooks.Open ( '' C : \Excel\Demo.xls '' ) ;
5 ) 设置第2个工作表为活动工作表: ExcelApp.WorkSheets [ 2 ] .Activate ; 或 ExcelApp.WorksSheets [ '' Sheet2 '' ] .Activate ;
6 ) 给单元格赋值: ExcelApp.Cells [ 1 , 4 ] .Value := '' 第一行第四列 '' ;
7 ) 设置指定列的宽度(单位:字符个数),以第一列为例: ExcelApp.ActiveSheet.Columns [ 1 ] .ColumnsWidth := 5 ;
8 ) 设置指定行的高度(单位:磅)(1磅=0.035 厘米),以第二行为例: ExcelApp.ActiveSheet.Rows [ 2 ] .RowHeight := 1 / 0.035 ; // 1厘米
9 ) 在第8行之前插入分页符: ExcelApp.WorkSheets [ 1 ] .Rows [ 8 ] .PageBreak := 1 ;
10 ) 在第8列之前删除分页符: ExcelApp.ActiveSheet.Columns [ 4 ] .PageBreak := 0 ;
11 ) 指定边框线宽度: ExcelApp.ActiveSheet.Range [ '' B3 : D4 '' ] .Borders [ 2 ] .Weight := 3 ; 1 - 左 2 - 右 3 - 顶 4 - 底 5 - 斜 ( \ ) 6 - 斜 ( / )
12 ) 清除第一行第四列单元格公式: ExcelApp.ActiveSheet.Cells [ 1 , 4 ] .ClearContents ;
13 ) 设置第一行字体属性: ExcelApp.ActiveSheet.Rows [ 1 ] .Font.Name := '' 隶书 '' ;
ExcelApp.Cells[1,chishi ].Font.Size:=14; ExcelApp.ActiveSheet.Rows [ 1 ] .Font.Color := clBlue ; ExcelApp.ActiveSheet.Rows [ 1 ] .Font.Bold := True ; ExcelApp.ActiveSheet.Rows [ 1 ] .Font.UnderLine := True ;
14 ) 进行页面设置:
a.页眉: ExcelApp.ActiveSheet.PageSetup.CenterHeader := '' 报表演示 '' ; b.页脚: ExcelApp.ActiveSheet.PageSetup.CenterFooter := '' 第&P页 '' ; c.页眉到顶端边距2cm: ExcelApp.ActiveSheet.PageSetup.HeaderMargin := 2 / 0.035 ; d.页脚到底端边距3cm: ExcelApp.ActiveSheet.PageSetup.HeaderMargin := 3 / 0.035 ; e.顶边距2cm: ExcelApp.ActiveSheet.PageSetup.TopMargin := 2 / 0.035 ; f.底边距2cm: ExcelApp.ActiveSheet.PageSetup.BottomMargin := 2 / 0.035 ; g.左边距2cm: ExcelApp.ActiveSheet.PageSetup.LeftMargin := 2 / 0.035 ; h.右边距2cm: ExcelApp.ActiveSheet.PageSetup.RightMargin := 2 / 0.035 ; i.页面水平居中: ExcelApp.ActiveSheet.PageSetup.CenterHorizontally := 2 / 0.035 ; j.页面垂直居中: ExcelApp.ActiveSheet.PageSetup.CenterVertically := 2 / 0.035 ; k.打印单元格网线: ExcelApp.ActiveSheet.PageSetup.PrintGridLines := True ;
15 ) 拷贝操作:
a.拷贝整个工作表: ExcelApp.ActiveSheet.Used.Range.Copy ; b.拷贝指定区域: ExcelApp.ActiveSheet.Range [ '' A1 : E2 '' ] .Copy ; c.从A1位置开始粘贴: ExcelApp.ActiveSheet.Range. [ '' A1 '' ] .PasteSpecial ; d.从文件尾部开始粘贴: ExcelApp.ActiveSheet.Range.PasteSpecial ;
16 ) 插入一行或一列: a.ExcelApp.ActiveSheet.Rows [ 2 ] .Insert ; b.ExcelApp.ActiveSheet.Columns [ 1 ] .Insert ;
17 ) 删除一行或一列: a.ExcelApp.ActiveSheet.Rows [ 2 ] .Delete ; b.ExcelApp.ActiveSheet.Columns [ 1 ] .Delete ;
18 ) 打印预览工作表: ExcelApp.ActiveSheet.PrintPreview ;
19 ) 打印输出工作表: ExcelApp.ActiveSheet.PrintOut ;
20 ) 工作表保存: If Not ExcelApp.ActiveWorkBook.Saved Then ExcelApplication1.DisplayAlerts:=False;//保存不提示 ExcelApplication1.ActiveWorkbook.Save;//保存EXCEL ExcelApp.ActiveSheet.PrintPreview ;//打印
21 ) 工作表另存为: ExcelApp.SaveAs ( '' C : \Excel\Demo1.xls '' ) ;
22 ) 放弃存盘: ExcelApp.ActiveWorkBook.Saved := True ;
23 ) 关闭工作簿: ExcelApp.WorkBooks.Close ;
24 ) 退出 Excel: ExcelApp.Quit ;
=========
25)单元格合并
ExcelApp.ActiveSheet.Range[ 'A4:A5 '].Select; ExcelApp.Selection.Merge;
或着
ExcelApp.ActiveSheet.Range[ExcelApp.Cells[1,3],ExcelApp.Cells[1,5]].Select; ExcelApp.Selection.Merge;
注意:
用 Sheet.range['D2:D6'].Merge(True); 表示跨越合并,作用合并区域中同一行的单元格,行与行之间不合并,也就是说:保持行的状态,结果仍然是多行。 如果区域是一列多行,那这个操作自然没有任何变化。
26) 保存EXCEL
ExcelApp.ActiveSheet.SaveAs('F:\zjq\Demo22222222222.xls');
ExcelApp.Activeworkbook.Close;
ExcelApp.Quit; ExcelApp := Unassigned; //但都是提示文件有问题,不过能正常打开。
27)单元格水平居中
ExcelApp.cells[1,4].HorizontalAlignment:=$FFFFEFF4;
28)查找功能
Cells.find('数学')
Cells.FindNext(After)
FindNext 方法 继续执行用 Find 方法启动的搜索。查找下一个匹配相同条件的单元格并返回代表单元格的 Range 对象。不影响选定区域或当前单元格。
===========
( 二 ) 使用Delphi 控件方法 在Form中分别放入ExcelApplication , ExcelWorkbook和ExcelWorksheet。
1 ) 打开Excel ExcelApplication1.Connect ;
2 ) 显示当前窗口: ExcelApplication1.Visible [ 0 ] := True ;
3 ) 更改 Excel 标题栏: ExcelApplication1.Caption := '' 应用程序调用 Microsoft Excel '' ;
4 ) 添加新工作簿: ExcelWorkbook1.ConnectTo ( ExcelApplication1.Workbooks.Add ( EmptyParam , 0 ) ) ;
5 ) 添加新工作表: Var Temp_Worksheet : _WorkSheet ; Begin Temp_Worksheet := ExcelWorkbook1. WorkSheets.Add ( EmptyParam , EmptyParam , EmptyParam , EmptyParam , 0 ) As _WorkSheet ; ExcelWorkSheet1.ConnectTo ( Temp_WorkSheet ) ; End ;
6 ) 打开已存在的工作簿: ExcelApplication1.Workbooks.Open ( c : \a.xls EmptyParam , EmptyParam , EmptyParam , EmptyParam , EmptyParam , EmptyParam , EmptyParam , EmptyParam , EmptyParam , EmptyParam , EmptyParam , EmptyParam , 0 )
7 ) 设置第2个工作表为活动工作表: ExcelApplication1.WorkSheets [ 2 ] .Activate ; 或 ExcelApplication1.WorksSheets [ '' Sheet2 '' ] .Activate ;
8 ) 给单元格赋值: ExcelApplication1.Cells [ 1 , 4 ] .Value := '' 第一行第四列 '' ;
9 ) 设置指定列的宽度(单位:字符个数),以第一列为例: ExcelApplication1.ActiveSheet.Columns [ 1 ] .ColumnsWidth := 5 ;
10 ) 设置指定行的高度(单位:磅)(1磅=0.035 厘米),以第二行为例: ExcelApplication1.ActiveSheet.Rows [ 2 ] .RowHeight := 1 / 0.035 ; // 1厘米
11 ) 在第8行之前插入分页符: ExcelApplication1.WorkSheets [ 1 ] .Rows [ 8 ] .PageBreak := 1 ;
12 ) 在第8列之前删除分页符: ExcelApplication1.ActiveSheet.Columns [ 4 ] .PageBreak := 0 ;
13 ) 指定边框线宽度: ExcelApplication1.ActiveSheet.Range [ '' B3 : D4 '' ] .Borders [ 2 ] .Weight := 3 ; 1 - 左 2 - 右 3 - 顶 4 - 底 5 - 斜 ( \ ) 6 - 斜 ( / )
14 ) 清除第一行第四列单元格公式: ExcelApplication1.ActiveSheet.Cells [ 1 , 4 ] .ClearContents ;
15 ) 设置第一行字体属性: ExcelApplication1.ActiveSheet.Rows [ 1 ] .Font.Name := '' 隶书 '' ; ExcelApplication1.ActiveSheet.Rows [ 1 ] .Font.Color := clBlue ; ExcelApplication1.ActiveSheet.Rows [ 1 ] .Font.Bold := True ; ExcelApplication1.ActiveSheet.Rows [ 1 ] .Font.UnderLine := True ;
16 ) 进行页面设置: a.页眉: ExcelApplication1.ActiveSheet.PageSetup.CenterHeader := '' 报表演示 '' ; b.页脚: ExcelApplication1.ActiveSheet.PageSetup.CenterFooter := '' 第&P页 '' ; c.页眉到顶端边距2cm: ExcelApplication1.ActiveSheet.PageSetup.HeaderMargin := 2 / 0.035 ; d.页脚到底端边距3cm: ExcelApplication1.ActiveSheet.PageSetup.HeaderMargin := 3 / 0.035 ; e.顶边距2cm: ExcelApplication1.ActiveSheet.PageSetup.TopMargin := 2 / 0.035 ; f.底边距2cm: ExcelApplication1.ActiveSheet.PageSetup.BottomMargin := 2 / 0.035 ; g.左边距2cm: ExcelAppli
cation1.ActiveSheet.PageSetup.LeftMargin := 2 / 0.035 ; h.右边距2cm: ExcelApplication1.ActiveSheet.PageSetup.RightMargin := 2 / 0.035 ; i.页面水平居中: ExcelApplication1.ActiveSheet.PageSetup.CenterHorizontally := 2 / 0.035 ; j.页面垂直居中: ExcelApplication1.ActiveSheet.PageSetup.CenterVertically := 2 / 0.035 ; k.打印单元格网线: ExcelApplication1.ActiveSheet.PageSetup.PrintGridLines := True ;
17 ) 拷贝操作:
a.拷贝整个工作表: ExcelApplication1.ActiveSheet.Used.Range.Copy ;
b.拷贝指定区域: ExcelApplication1.ActiveSheet.Range [ '' A1 : E2 '' ] .Copy ;
c.从A1位置开始粘贴: ExcelApplication1.ActiveSheet.Range. [ '' A1 '' ] .PasteSpecial ;
d.从文件尾部开始粘贴: ExcelApplication1.ActiveSheet.Range.PasteSpecial ;
18 ) 插入一行或一列: a.ExcelApplication1.ActiveSheet.Rows [ 2 ] .Insert ; b.ExcelApplication1.ActiveSheet.Columns [ 1 ] .Insert ;
19 ) 删除一行或一列: a.ExcelApplication1.ActiveSheet.Rows [ 2 ] .Delete ; b.ExcelApplication1.ActiveSheet.Columns [ 1 ] .Delete ;
20 ) 打印预览工作表: ExcelApplication1.ActiveSheet.PrintPreview ;
21 ) 打印输出工作表: ExcelApplication1.ActiveSheet.PrintOut ;
22 ) 工作表保存: If Not ExcelApplication1.ActiveWorkBook.Saved Then ExcelApplication1.ActiveSheet.PrintPreview ;
23 ) 工作表另存为: ExcelApplication1.SaveAs ( '' C : \Excel\Demo1.xls '' ) ;
24 ) 放弃存盘: ExcelApplication1.ActiveWorkBook.Saved := True ;
25 ) 关闭工作簿: ExcelApplication1.WorkBooks.Close ;
26 ) 退出 Excel: ExcelApplication1.Quit ; ExcelApplication1.Disconnect ;
( 三 ) 使用Delphi 控制Excle二维图 在Form中分别放入ExcelApplication , ExcelWorkbook和ExcelWorksheet Var asheet1 , achart , range : variant ;
1 )选择当第一个工作薄第一个工作表 asheet1 := ExcelApplication1.Workbooks [ 1 ] .Worksheets [ 1 ] ;
2 )增加一个二维图 achart := asheet1.chartobjects.add ( 100 , 100 , 200 , 200 ) ;
3 )选择二维图的形态 achart.chart.charttype := 4 ;
4 )给二维图赋值 series := achart.chart.seriescollection ; range := sheet1!r2c3 : r3c9 ; series.add ( range , true ) ;
5 )加上二维图的标题 achart.Chart.HasTitle := True ; achart.Chart.ChartTitle.Characters.Text := ’ Excle二维图’
6 )改变二维图的标题字体大小 achart.Chart.ChartTitle.Font.size := 6 ;
7 )给二维图加下标说明 achart.Chart.Axes ( xlCategory , xlPrimary ) .HasTitle := True ; achart.Chart.Axes ( xlCategory , xlPrimary ) .AxisTitle.Characters.Text := '' 下标说明 '' ;
8 )给二维图加左标说明 achart.Chart.Axes ( xlValue , xlPrimary ) .HasTitle := True ; achart.Chart.Axes ( xlValue , xlPrimary ) .AxisTitle.Characters.Text := '' 左标说明 '' ;
9 )给二维图加右标说明 achart.Chart.Axes ( xlValue , xlSecondary ) .HasTitle := True ; achart.Chart.Axes ( xlValue , xlSecondary ) .AxisTitle.Characters.Text := '' 右标说明 '' ;
10 )改变二维图的显示区大小 achart.Chart.PlotArea.Left := 5 ; achart.Chart.PlotArea.Width := 223 ; achart.Chart.PlotArea.Height := 108 ;
11 )给二维图坐标轴加上说明 achart.chart.seriescollection [ 1 ] .NAME := '' 坐标轴说明 '' ;
==常用变量===================================================
需要声明的常量:
const file://Excel用到的常量// xlHairline = $00000001; xlMedium = $FFFFEFD6; xlThick = $00000004; xlThin = $00000002; const file://Excel用到的常量// xlContinuous = $00000001; xlDash = $FFFFEFED; xlDashDot = $00000004; xlDashDotDot = $00000005; xlDot = $FFFFEFEA; xlDouble = $FFFFEFE9; xlSlantDashDot = $0000000D; xlLineStyleNone = $FFFFEFD2; const xlAll = $FFFFEFF8; xlAutomatic = $FFFFEFF7; xlBoth = $00000001; xlCenter = $FFFFEFF4; xlChecker = $00000009; xlCircle = $00000008; xlCorner = $00000002; xlCrissCross = $00000010; xlCross = $00000004; xlDiamond = $00000002; xlDistributed = $FFFFEFEB; xlDoubleAccounting = $00000005; xlFixedValue = $00000001; xlFormats = $FFFFEFE6; xlGray16 = $00000011; xlGray8 = $00000012; xlGrid = $0000000F; xlHigh = $FFFFEFE1; xlInside = $00000002; xlJustify = $FFFFEFDE; xlLightDown = $0000000D; xlLightHorizontal = $0000000B; xlLightUp = $0000000E; xlLightVertical = $0000000C; xlLow = $FFFFEFDA; xlManual = $FFFFEFD9; xlMinusValues = $00000003; xlModule = $FFFFEFD3; xlNextToAxis = $00000004; xlNone = $FFFFEFD2; xlNotes = $FFFFEFD0; xlOff = $FFFFEFCE; xlOn = $00000001; xlPercent = $00000002; xlPlus = $00000009; xlPlusValues = $00000002; xlSemiGray75 = $0000000A; xlShowLabel = $00000004; xlShowLabelAndPercent = $00000005; xlShowPercent = $00000003; xlShowValue = $00000002; xlSimple = $FFFFEFC6; xlSingle = $00000002; xlSingleAccounting = $00000004; xlSolid = $00000001; xlSquare = $00000001; xlStar = $00000005; xlStError = $00000004; xlToolbarButton = $00000002; xlTriangle = $00000003; xlGray25 = $FFFFEFE4; xlGray50 = $FFFFEFE3; xlGray75 = $FFFFEFE2; xlBottom = $FFFFEFF5; xlLeft = $FFFFEFDD; xlRight = $FFFFEFC8; xlTop = $FFFFEFC0; xl3DBar = $FFFFEFFD; xl3DSurface = $FFFFEFF9; xlBar = $00000002; xlColumn = $00000003; xlCombination = $FFFFEFF1; xlCustom = $FFFFEFEE; xlDefaultAutoFormat = $FFFFFFFF; xlMaximum = $00000002; xlMinimum = $00000004; xlOpaque = $00000003; xlTransparent = $00000002; xlBidi = $FFFFEC78; xlLatin = $FFFFEC77; xlContext = $FFFFEC76; xlLTR = $FFFFEC75; xlRTL = $FFFFEC74; xlFullScript = $00000001; xlPartialScript = $00000002; xlMixedScript = $00000003; xlMixedAuthorizedScript = $00000004; xlVisualCursor = $00000002; xlLogicalCursor = $00000001; xlSystem = $00000001; xlPartial = $00000003; xlHindiNumerals = $00000003; xlBidiCalendar = $00000003; xlGregorian = $00000002; xlComplete = $00000004; xlScale = $00000003; xlClosed = $00000003; xlColor1 = $00000007; xlColor2 = $00000008; xlColor3 = $00000009; xlConstants = $00000002; xlContents = $00000002; xlBelow = $00000001; xlCascade = $00000007; xlCenterAcrossSelection = $00000007; xlChart4 = $00000002; xlChartSeries = $00000011; xlChartShort = $00000006; xlChartTitles = $00000012; xlClassic1 = $00000001; xlClassic2 = $00000002; xlClassic3 = $00000003; xl3DEffects1 = $0000000D; xl3DEffects2 = $0000000E; xlAbove = $00000000; xlAccounting1 = $00000004; xlAccounting2 = $00000005; xlAccounting3 = $00000006; xlAccounting4 = $00000011; xlAdd = $00000002; xlDebugCodePane = $0000000D; xlDesktop = $00000009; xlDirect = $00000001; xlDivide = $00000005; xlDoubleClosed = $00000005; xlDoubleOpen = $00000004; xlDoubleQuote = $00000001; xlEntireChart = $00000014; xlExcelMenus = $00000001; xlExtended = $00000003; xlFill = $00000005; xlFirst = $00000000; xlFloating = $00000005; xlFormula = $00000005; xlGeneral = $00000001; xlGridline = $00000016; xlIcons = $00000001; xlImmediatePane = $0000000C; xlInteger = $00000002; xlLast = $00000001; xlLastCell = $0000000B; xlList1 = $0000000A; xlList2 = $0000000B; xlList3 = $0000000C; xlLocalFormat1 = $0000000F; xlLocalFormat2 = $00000010; xlLong = $00000003; xlLotusHelp = $00000002; xlMacrosheetCell = $00000007; xlMixed = $00000002; xlMultiply = $00000004; xlNarrow = $00000001; xlNoDocuments = $00000003; xlOpen = $00000002; xlOutside = $00000003; xlReference = $00000004; xlSemiautomatic = $00000002; xlShort = $00000001; xlSingleQuote = $00000002; xlStrict = $00000002; xlSubtract = $00000003; xlTextBox = $00000010; xlTiled = $00000001; xlTitleBar = $00000008; xlToolbar = $00000001; xlVisible = $0000000C; xlWatchPane = $0000000B; xlWide = $00000003; xlWorkbookTab = $00000006; xlWorksheet4 = $00000001; xlWorksheetCell = $00000003; xlWorksheetShort = $00000005; xlAllExceptBorders = $00000006; xlLeftToRight = $00000002; xlTopToBottom = $00000001; xlVeryHidden = $00000002; xlDrawingObject = $0000000E; const
{ The list of VtFont styles }
{ FontStyleConstants }
VtFontStyleBold = 1; VtFontStyleItalic = 2; VtFontStyleOutline = 4;
{ The list of VtFont effects }
{ FontEffectsConstants }
VtFontEffectStrikeThrough = 256; VtFontEffectUnderline = 512;
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