之前说到中间层通过向客户端暴露方法的方式提供服务,实现数据库数据的读取和更新。方法调用的方式,其潜在的意义,就是说中间层不保存客户端状态信息,就像WEB服务一样,客户端需要自己保存自己的状态信息。进一步说,就是中间层具体提供方法的业务对象实例,不是也不应该专属于某个客户端,它应该能够为不同的客户端调用提供服务。如果我们把业务对象实例放到对象池中集中存放,调用方法时随用随取,方法结束即放回池中。这样就可以实现业务对象实例服务于不同的客户端调用请求。更重要的是,利用对象池,能够最大化服务器各种资源的使用效率,而且对客户端的响应也更快了,因为业务对象实例早就创建好了,取来即用。
其实,DataSnap构架,已经为我们的这种构想提供了现实支持。简单的说,就是改造工厂类(TDSServerClass),把LifeCycle属性改为Invocation方式;在OnCreateInstance事件中从对象池中取业务类对象实例;在OnDestroyInstance事件中把业务类对象实例放回对象池。
... procedure TsmMainForm.dssMethodsCreateInstance( DSCreateInstanceEventObject: TDSCreateInstanceEventObject); begin DSCreateInstanceEventObject.ServerClassInstance := ServerMethodsPool.LockPoolObject; end;
procedure TsmMainForm.dssMethodsDestroyInstance( DSDestroyInstanceEventObject: TDSDestroyInstanceEventObject); begin ServerMethodsPool.UnlockPoolObject(TPersistent(DSDestroyInstanceEventObject.ServerClassInstance)); end; ... 当然,还有对象池类的创建和释放,也很简单,例如: procedure TsmMainForm.FormCreate(Sender: TObject); begin ServerMethodsPool := ObjPoolMgr.TPoolManager.Create; ServerMethodsPool.InstanceClass := uServerMethods.TPooledDM; end;
procedure TsmMainForm.FormDestroy(Sender: TObject); begin ServerMethodsPool.Free; end;
下面就是如何实现对象池技术的问题。实现对象池并不复杂,另有两个问题需要注意:
1、多线程。中间层TDSTCPServerTransport对象提供的是多线程服务,允许同时有多个客户端请求。所以对象池类的实现,要考虑多线程情况下公共对象或变量的访问冲突问题。
2、内存泄漏。业务类的基类,采用TDataModule、TComponent或者TPersistent都可以,但不要采用TDSServerModule,因为若采用此基类,TDSServerClass在Invocation方式下会产生内存泄漏。
下面是对象池类最基本的实现代码:
unit ObjPoolMgr;
interface
uses Classes, SyncObjs, SysUtils, DSServer, DateUtils;
type
PServerObject = ^TServerObject; TServerObject = record ServerObject: TPersistent; InUse: Boolean; end;
TPoolManager = class private FCriticalSection: TCriticalSection; FServerObjects: TList; private FInstanceClass: TPersistentClass; function CreateNewInstance: TPersistent; inline; procedure SetInstanceClass(const Value: TPersistentClass); public constructor Create; destructor Destroy; override; //从对象池中取出一个业务类实例对象 function LockPoolObject: TPersistent; //把一个业务类实例对象放回对象池中 procedure UnlockPoolObject(var Value: TPersistent); public //指定放入池中的业务类。 property InstanceClass: TPersistentClass read FInstanceClass write SetInstanceClass; end;
implementation
constructor TPoolManager.Create; begin FServerObjects := TList.Create; FCriticalSection := TCriticalSection.Create; end;
destructor TPoolManager.Destroy; var I: Integer; begin for I := 0 to FServerObjects.Count - 1 do begin PServerObject(FServerObjects[i]).ServerObject.Free; FreeMem(PServerObject(FServerObjects[i])); end; FServerObjects.Free; FCriticalSection.Free; inherited Destroy; end;
procedure TPoolManager.SetInstanceClass(const Value: TPersistentClass); begin FInstanceClass := Value; end;
function TPoolManager.CreateNewInstance: TPersistent; var p: PServerObject; Component: TComponent; begin if not Assigned(FInstanceClass) then Raise Exception.Create('Not specify class of instance!');
FCriticalSection.Enter; try if FInstanceClass.InheritsFrom(TComponent) then begin Component := FInstanceClass.NewInstance as TComponent; Component.Create(nil); Result := Component; end else Result := FInstanceClass.Create;
New(p); p.ServerObject := Result; p.InUse := True; FServerObjects.Add(p); finally FCriticalSection.Leave; end; end;
function TPoolManager.LockPoolObject: TPersistent; var i: Integer; begin FCriticalSection.Enter; try for i := 0 to FServerObjects.Count - 1 do begin if not PServerObject(FServerObjects[I]).InUse then begin PServerObject(FServerObjects[I]).InUse := True; Result := PServerObject(FServerObjects[i]).ServerObject; Exit; end; end; finally FCriticalSection.Leave; end; Result := CreateNewInstance; end;
procedure TPoolManager.UnlockPoolObject(var Value: TPersistent); var i: Integer; begin FCriticalSection.Enter; try for i := 0 to FServerObjects.Count - 1 do begin if Value = PServerObject(FServerObjects[i]).ServerObject then begin PServerObject(FServerObjects[i]).InUse := False; Value := nil; Break; end; end; finally FCriticalSection.Leave; end; end; ...
上面的基本实现稍加修改,就可以完善更多的功能,比如设定实例数上限、定时清除超过某个时间未被使用的实例、查询当前池中对象实例数量等。
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