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任何一门语言,只要具备了"封装,继承,多态"这三项基本能力,不管其实现方式是直接或曲折、复杂或简洁,就可以称之为“面向对象”的语言。 Delphi当年的迅速走红,是以其RAD快速开发吸引程序员的目光。这无疑是它最吸引人的优势,但同时也让人误以为delphi只是vb的高级版本,从而忽视了其面向对象的特性。 其实Pacscal发展到Delphi,已经完全具备了面向对象的所有特点:允许自定义类,类可以继承(单继承),允许方法重载/覆写,可以定义接口,类可以实现接口,允许定义静态方法(即class方法),虚方法,抽象类...等等,对于delphi怀有偏见的朋友,你还会怀疑delphi的面向对象能力吗? 下面是一些演示代码: 代码 Code highlighting produced by Actipro CodeHighlighter (freeware)http://www.CodeHighlighter.com/-->unit UPeople; interface type TPeople = class(TObject) private _name:string; //私成成员定义 procedure Set_Name(value:string);//Name属性的set方法定义 function Get_Name:string; //Name属性的get方法定义 protected function Get_Sex:Boolean;virtual;abstract; //定义抽象虚方法,由子类去实现 public property Name:string read Get_Name write Set_Name; //定义Name属性 property Sex:Boolean read Get_Sex; //定义Sex只读属性(该属性并未实现,而是交由子类去实现) class function ToString:string; //类方法,有点象c#中的static静态方法 procedure ShowName;//公用实例方法 end; //实现部分 implementation procedure TPeople.Set_Name(value:string); begin _name := value; end; function TPeople.Get_Name:string; begin result := _name; end; class function TPeople.ToString:string; begin result := 'This is a People Class'; end; procedure TPeople.ShowName; begin Writeln('姓名:' + _name); end; end. 2.再定义一个子类TMan 代码 Code highlighting produced by Actipro CodeHighlighter (freeware)http://www.CodeHighlighter.com/-->unit UMan; interface uses UPeople ; type TMan = class(TPeople) constructor Create(name:string); overload ; //重载构造函数 private _sex:Boolean; protected function Get_Sex:Boolean; override; public function ToString:string; //实例方法 end; implementation constructor TMan.Create(name:string); //注意写法:实现的时候不用加overload关键字 begin inherited Create; _sex := true; //男性强制定义为true Self.Name := name; end; function TMan.Get_Sex:Boolean; begin result := _sex; end; function TMan.ToString:string; begin result := '这是TMan中的ToString方法'; end; end. 3.再来一个子类TWoman 代码 Code highlighting produced by Actipro CodeHighlighter (freeware)http://www.CodeHighlighter.com/-->unit UWoman; interface uses UPeople,UICook; type TWoman = class(TPeople,ICook) constructor Create(name:string); overload ; private _sex:Boolean; protected function Get_Sex:Boolean; override; public procedure Cook;//接口的方法实现定义 procedure ShowName;overload; //如果Class是从TObject继承的,又想实现接口的话,必须实现下面这三个function, //如果想偷懒的话,把UPeople改成从TInterfacedObject继承就可以省掉这个步骤了 function _AddRef:Integer; stdcall; function _Release:Integer;stdcall; function QueryInterface(const IID:TGUID;out Obj):HResult; stdcall; end; implementation function TWoman._AddRef:Integer; begin result :=-1; end; function TWoman._Release:Integer; begin result :=-1; end; function TWoman.QueryInterface(const IID:TGUID;out Obj):HResult; const E_NOINTERFACE = $80004002; begin if GetInterface(IID,Obj) then Result := 0 else Result := -1; {E_NOINTERFACE} end; constructor TWoman.Create(name:string); begin inherited Create; _sex := false; Self.Name := name; end; function TWoman.Get_Sex:Boolean; begin result := _sex; end; procedure TWoman.ShowName; begin Writeln('女人总是喜欢搞点花样,所以重载一下哈.') end; procedure TWoman.Cook; begin Writeln('因为我实现了ICook接口,所以我会做饭:)') end; end. 注意,TWoman这个子类实现了接口ICook,其定义如下: 4.ICook接口 代码 Code highlighting produced by Actipro CodeHighlighter (freeware)http://www.CodeHighlighter.com/-->unit UICook; interface type ICook = interface //定义一个接口 procedure Cook;//接口的方法定义 end; implementation end. 5.放到ConsoleApplication中测试一把: 代码 Code highlighting produced by Actipro CodeHighlighter (freeware)http://www.CodeHighlighter.com/-->program ClassDemo; {$APPTYPE CONSOLE} uses SysUtils, UPeople in 'UPeople.pas', UMan in 'UMan.pas', UWoman in 'UWoman.pas', UICook in 'UICook.pas'; var aPeople:TPeople; aMan:TMan; aWoman:TWoman; aCook:ICook; begin aPeople := TPeople.Create; aPeople.Name := 'jimmy.yang'; Writeln(aPeople.Name); Writeln(TPeople.ToString);//调用静态方法 aPeople.ShowName; Writeln('----------------------------------------'); aMan := TMan.Create('杨俊明'); Writeln(aMan.Name); Writeln(aMan.Sex); aMan.ShowName; //通过继承得来的方法 Writeln(aMan.ToString);//TMan实例中的对象方法 Writeln('----------------------------------------'); aWoman := TWoman.Create('小龙女'); Writeln(aWoman.Name); Writeln(aWoman.Sex); aWoman.ShowName; //调用重载后的方法 aWoman.Cook;//实现接口得来的方法 Writeln('----------------------------------------'); aCook := ICook(aWoman);//类还可以转化为接口 aPeople.Free; aPeople:= TWoman.Create('翠花'); //同样也允许子类创建得到父类 aPeople.ShowName; aWoman.Free; aWoman := TWoman(aPeople); aWoman.Cook; Readln; end. 运行结果: |
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