以下函数计算某年份是否为闰年

在阅读别人别人的perll代码的时候经常发现在头部都是 ”
$变量=shift;”

首先我们查下看下perldoc中对于shift()的解释

perldoc -f shift
shift ARRAY
shift   Shifts the first value of the array off and returns it,
        shortening the array by 1 and moving everything down. If there
        are no elements in the array, returns the undefined value. If
        ARRAY is omitted, shifts the @_ array within the lexical scope
        of subroutines and formats, and the @ARGV array outside a
        subroutine and also within the lexical scopes established by the
        "eval STRING", "BEGIN {}", "INIT {}", "CHECK {}", "UNITCHECK {}"
        and "END {}" constructs.

        See also "unshift", "push", and "pop". "shift" and "unshift" do
        the same thing to the left end of an array that "pop" and "push"
        do to the right end.

shift off(可以理解为移除)数组中第一个变量并返回

perl中默认如果不指明参数那么就根据上下文获取默认参数

所以当我们定义这样一个pl文件

1.pl
$host = shift;

那么显然shift操作的参数为@_ 也就是 @ARGV

这句实现了直接获取用户传递的第一个参数。
总之就是shift没有数组作为参数时，就是移动@_这个默认的参数。
perl里经常用这种缺省方法的。