openresty + lua-resty-weedfs + weedfs + graphicsmagick动态生成缩略图（类似淘宝方案）

--大部分的网站都要涉及到图片缩略图的处理，比如新闻配图，电商，微信朋友圈等，贴别是电商类网站，每个商品图对应多个不同尺寸的缩略图，用于不同的页面。

网站刚开始的时候，大家为了赶工期，尽快完成开发任务，基本上都会选择比较简单的方式实现功能，直接使用web服务器的图片上传和下载的功能。而且是单机部署。但问题是，图片响应速度比较慢，而且当访问量逐渐加大，服务器由单台变为多台时，这种方式扩展性较差。

我们自己的解决方案规划了几种：

1. 使用web server上传，后面使用openresty +lua + graphicsmagick 将生成缩略图功能独立出来，与web程序解耦。（目前在投入使用，准备换掉）
2. 将图片的上传，管理交由ftpserver处理，后面使用openresty +lua + graphicsmagick 将生成缩略图功能独立出来，与web程序解耦。（目前在投入使用）
3. 将图片的上传，分布式管理 交由seaweedfs管理，可提供更快的响应速度，更方便，无痛的分布式扩展节点，billion 级别的。后面使用openresty + lua-resty-weedfs + graphicsmagick 生成缩略图功能独立处理。（准备投入使用）
4. 使用七牛、又拍云提供的云存储及数据处理服务，解决图片的处理、存储、多节点访问速度的问题，这种方式优点是方案成熟，相应的有一定费用和开发工作，另外有一些小概率的风险，比如云服务挂掉影响本站访问。（方便的解决方案，下一节阶段重点考虑）

1，2 中解决方案，比较简单，就不具体细说，下面重点配置实做一下方案3.

所用软件版本信息：

服务器环境: ubuntu 13.10

openresty: 1.7.10.2

lua-resty-weedfs: master

weedfs(seaweedfs): v0.70beta

graphicsmagick: 1.3.16

安装步骤如下：

1.安装依赖的软件包：

sudo apt-get install libreadline-dev libpcre3-dev libssl-dev perl
sudo apt-cache search libjpeg
sudo apt-cache search libpng

sudo apt-get install libjpeg62 libpng12-0

2:安装openresty，现在最新版本的openresty1.7.10.2：

sudo mkdir working
cd working
sudo wget https://openresty.org/download/ngx_openresty-1.7.10.2.tar.gz
tar xzvf ngx_openresty-VERSION.tar.gz
cd ngx_openresty-VERSION/
sudo ./configure --with-luajit \
        --with-http_iconv_module \
        --with-http_stub_status_module --with-openssl=/usr/local/ssl/lib --with-http_ssl_module
后面两个with，如果不能满足条件，不安装也可以
sudo make
sudo make install
安装成功后，在/usr/local/openresty/

3: 安装graphicsmagic

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:dhor/myway
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install graphicsmagick
gm help

4:配置，并启动openresty 也即nginx

cd ~/working
mkdir logs/ conf/
sudo vi conf/nginx.conf

输入一下内容
=======start===========

worker_processes  1;
error_log logs/error.log;
events {
    worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
    server {
        listen 8090;
        location / {
            default_type text/html;
            content_by_lua '
                ngx.say("<p>hello, world</p>")
            ';
        }
    }
}

=========end==============

添加nginx 到path，方便执行

PATH=/usr/local/openresty/nginx/sbin:$PATH
export PATH

nginx -p `pwd`/ -c conf/nginx.conf

curl http://localhost:8090/

输出：

<p>hello, world</p>

5.安装weedfs

sudo wget https://bintray.com/artifact/download/chrislusf/seaweedfs/weed_0.70beta_linux_amd64.tar.gz
tar zxvf weed_0.70beta_linux_amd64.tar.gz

start master server

./weed master

start volume server

cd ~/working
mkdir data

weed volume -dir="../data" -max=5 -mserver="localhost:9333" -port=9080 &

weed volume -dir="../data" -max=5 -mserver="localhost:9333" -port=9081 &

write file

curl -X POST http://localhost:9333/dir/assign

output:

{"fid":"7,02a3a52531","url":"127.0.0.1:9080","publicUrl":"127.0.0.1:9080","count":1}

second:

curl -X PUT -F file=@./detail_01.jpg http://127.0.0.1:9080/7,02a3a52531

output:

{"name":"detail_01.jpg","size":176946}

read file:

 curl http://localhost:9333/dir/lookup?volumeId=7

output:

{"volumeId":"7","locations":[{"url":"127.0.0.1:9080","publicUrl":"127.0.0.1:9080"}]}

或者通过网页显示图片：

http://192.168.15.201:9080/7/02a3a52531/detail_01.jpg
http://192.168.15.201:9080/7/02a3a52531.jpg
http://192.168.15.201:9080/7,02a3a52531.jpg
http://192.168.15.201:9080/7/02a3a52531
http://192.168.15.201:9080/7,02a3a52531

6.openresty 与 weedfs结合,配置 lua_resty_weedfs

cd ~/woring
git clone https://github.com/medcl/lua-resty-weedfs.git
cd /usr/local/openresty/nginx/conf
mv nginx.conf nginx.conf.backup
mv ~/woring/lua-resty-weedfs/resty ./resty
mv ~/woring/lua-resty-weedfs/nginx.conf ./nginx.conf
mv ~/woring/lua-resty-weedfs/weedfs.lua ./weedfs.lua

创建 www-data 组和用户，创建路径/home/wwwroot/weedfs.

nginx.conf 如下：

user  www-data www-data;
worker_processes  8;
daemon on;
master_process off;

error_log  logs/error.log  error;
#error_log  logs/error.log  info;



pid        logs/nginx.pid;


env MOCKEAGAIN_VERBOSE;
env MOCKEAGAIN_WRITE_TIMEOUT_PATTERN;
env LD_PRELOAD;
env DYLD_INSERT_LIBRARIES;

worker_rlimit_nofile 65535;
events {
    worker_connections  65535;
}


http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;
    #    default_type text/plain;

    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
    '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
    '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    access_log  logs/access.log  main;

	
    server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;
    client_header_buffer_size 32k;
    large_client_header_buffers 4 32k;
    client_max_body_size 8m;
 
    keepalive_timeout 0;
	
    sendfile        on;
    tcp_nopush     on;
    tcp_nodelay on;

    fastcgi_connect_timeout 300;
    fastcgi_send_timeout 300;
    fastcgi_read_timeout 300;
    fastcgi_buffer_size 64k;
    fastcgi_buffers 4 64k;
    fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k;
    fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 128k;
	
	
    ##cache##
    proxy_connect_timeout 5;
    proxy_read_timeout 60;
    proxy_send_timeout 5;
    proxy_buffer_size 16k;
    proxy_buffers 4 64k;
    proxy_busy_buffers_size 128k;
    proxy_temp_file_write_size 128k;
    proxy_temp_path temp_dir;
    proxy_cache_path cache levels=1:2 keys_zone=cache_one:200m inactive=1d max_size=30g;
    ##end##
	
	
    open_file_cache max=1000 inactive=20s;
    open_file_cache_min_uses 5;
    open_file_cache_valid 30s;

    gzip on;
    gzip_min_length  1k;
    gzip_buffers     4 16k;
    gzip_http_version 1.1;
    gzip_comp_level 2;
    gzip_types       text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml;
    gzip_disable "MSIE [1-6]\.";
    gzip_vary on;

    #keepalive_timeout  65;
    #problematic
    #lua_code_cache off;
    lua_package_path "/usr/local/openresty/lualib/?.lua;;";
    resolver 8.8.8.8;


    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  localhost;

        rewrite_log on;



        charset utf-8,gbk;

        #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;

        #note:must end with“/”
        set $weed_audio_root_url "http://127.0.0.1:9080/";
        set $weed_audio_root_url "http://127.0.0.1:9081/";
        set $weed_img_root_url "http://127.0.0.1:9080/";
        set $weed_img_root_url "http://127.0.0.1:9081/";
        set $local_img_fs_root "/home/wwwroot/weedfs/";
        set $local_audio_fs_root "/home/wwwroot/weedfs/";


        location / {
            root  /home/wwwroot/weedfs/;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }


        #sample:/_img/?size=orig&volumn=1&id=1234
        location /_img/{
            default_type  image/jpeg;
            if ($request_method = 'DELETE' ) {
                return 405;
            }
            if ($request_method = 'PUT' ) {
                return 405;
            }
            if ($request_method = 'POST' ) {
                return 405;
            }
            #content_by_lua 'ngx.say("<p>process here</p>")';
            content_by_lua_file conf/weedfs.lua;
            expires      30d;
#            access_log off;
        }

		
#            location  /img/orig/{
#                                proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
#                                proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $remote_addr;
#                                proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
#
#                #                 if ($uri ~* "/img/orig/([0-9]+)/([a-z0-9]+)(\.[a-z]+)?") {
#                 #                       rewrite  "/img/orig/([0-9]+)/([a-z0-9]+)(\.[a-z]+)" /img/orig/$1,$2$3 permanent;
#                  #                      break;
#                   #              }
#
#                                proxy_pass  http://192.168.2.100:8080/;
#                                expires 7d;
#                                break;
#                }
		
        location  /img/{
            rewrite  "/img/([0-9]+x[0-9]+s?)/([0-9]+)/([a-z0-9]+)(\.[a-z]+)?" /_img/?type=img&size=$1&volumn=$2&id=$3 last;
            rewrite  "/img/([0-9]+x[0-9]+s?)/([0-9]+),([a-z0-9]+)(\.[a-z]+)?" /_img/?type=img&size=$1&volumn=$2&id=$3 last;
            rewrite  "/img/orig/([0-9]+)[,/]([a-z0-9]+)(\.[a-z]+)?" /_img/?type=img&size=orig&volumn=$1&id=$2 last;
            expires 30d;
            #            access_log off;
        }

        location /_audio/{
            default_type  audio/mp3;
            if ($request_method = 'DELETE' ) {
                return 405;
            }
            if ($request_method = 'PUT' ) {
                return 405;
            }
            if ($request_method = 'POST' ) {
                return 405;
            }

            content_by_lua_file conf/weedfs.lua;
            expires      30d;
            #            access_log off;
        }

        #if you specified audio_fs_root separately,you should change this.
        #location /audios{
         #   default_type  audio/mp3;
        #    root /home/wwwroot/audios;
        #    expires      30d;
            #            access_log off;
       # }

        location /audio/{
            rewrite  "/audio/(mp3)/([0-9]+)/([a-z0-9]+)(\.[a-z]+)?" /_audio/?type=audio&size=$1&volumn=$2&id=$3 last;
            rewrite  "/audio/(mp3)/([0-9]+),([a-z0-9]+)(\.[a-z]+)?" /_audio/?type=audio&size=$1&volumn=$2&id=$3 last;
            rewrite  "/audio/orig/([0-9]+),([a-z0-9]+)(\.[a-z]+)?" /_audio/?type=audio&size=orig&volumn=$1&id=$2 last;
            expires      30d;
            #            access_log off;
        }

#        location /upload{
#            if ($request_method = 'DELETE' ) {
#                return 405;
#            }
#            if ($request_method = 'PUT' ) {
#                return 405;
#            }
#
#            proxy_pass    $weed_xxx_root_url;
#            proxy_redirect default ;
#        }


        location /favicon.ico{
            root /home/wwwroot/;
            #            access_log off;
        }


        error_page  404              /404.html;
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }
        location ~ /\.ht {
            deny  all;
        }


        location /status  {
            stub_status on;
            access_log   off;
        }

    }
}

7.重新启动nginx 运行

访问 http://192.168.15.201/img/100x100/7,02a3a52531.jpg 成功 

http://192.168.15.201/img/100x100s/7,02a3a52531.jpg 
增加s后，自动适应比例生成缩略图 

8、参考文档

http://soltex.iteye.com/blog/2064749

https://github.com/chrislusf/seaweedfs

http://openresty.org/