This guide specifically has not been tested extensively nor is it written to be an exhaustive guide for installing macOS Mojave. This works on my personal X220. YMMV.
A more complete guide can be found at John McDonnell's page dedicated to installing macOS High Sierra on the X220. Huge props to him for supporting the X220 all these years.
Also, a lot of things don't work (at least not without additional configuration): iMessage, FaceTime, Continuity, Handoff, Metal, among others.
Prepare the patched macOS Mojave installer (detailed guide)
Create the patched installer
Launch the macOS Mojave Patcher
Point the app to your Install macOS Mojave.app
Set the destination drive to your USB flash drive
Copy over Clover Configurator to the flash drive (in case your X220 won't natively have networking hardware configured after a fresh install)
Prepare the EFI partition
Mount the USB flash drive's EFI partition with Clover Configurator
Copy over the EFI folder from this repository to the EFI partition
Ensure that the folder structure is correct. For example, the path to the CLOVER folder should be /Volumes/EFI/EFI/CLOVER
Install macOS Mojave
Go through the normal install process (Erase the disk with Disk Utility, install, and wait until it finishes)
When the machine reboots, instead of booting from the internal drive, boot back into the installer USB flash drive
On the menu bar, go to Utilities > macOS Post Install
Choose MacBookPro8,1
Set the target volume to your internal drive
Hit Patch
When the patch finishes, make sure to select Force Cache Rebuild and Reboot
You should be able to boot into macOS Mojave through your USB installer's Clover EFI
Post-install
Configure internal drive's EFI partition
Mount your internal hard drive's EFI partition with Clover Configurator
Copy over the EFI folder from the mojave directory in this repository
Include other kexts you might need under /Volumes/EFI/EFI/CLOVER/kexts/Other(note to self: you probably want to install your AR5B95 kexts under other-kexts/ar5b95-mojave here)
Run sudo spctl --master-disable to allow apps from unidentified developers
Run /Volumes/EFI/EFI/CLOVER/kexts/_kext-install.command
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