The error you are getting is because the recognizer is not initialized. Try initializing the recognizer and passing it to the PhraseListGrammar.
import azure.cognitiveservices.speech as speechsdk
speech_config = speechsdk.SpeechConfig(subscription=speech_key, region=service_region)
reco = speechsdk.SpeechRecognizer(speech_config=speech_config)
phrase_list_grammar = speechsdk.PhraseListGrammar.from_recognizer(reco)
PhraseListGrammar(impl_phraseListGrammar)
phrase_list_grammar.addPhrase("PHRASE1")
phrase_list_grammar.addPhrase("PHRASE2")
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