c++ - Why should I not #include <bits/stdc++.h>?

Question

I posted a question with my code whose only #include directive was the following:

#include <bits/stdc++.h>

My teacher told me to do this, but in the comments section I was informed that I shouldn't.

Why?

Answer 1

Including <bits/stdc++.h> appears to be an increasingly common thing to see on Stack Overflow, perhaps something newly added to a national curriculum in the current academic year.

I imagine the advantages are vaguely given thus:

• You only need write one #include line
• You do not need to look up which standard header everything is in

Unfortunately, this is a lazy hack, naming a GCC internal header directly instead of individual standard headers like <string>, <iostream> and <vector>. It ruins portability and fosters terrible habits.

The disadvantages include:

• It will probably only work on that compiler
• You have no idea what it'll do when you use it, because its contents are not set by a standard
• Even just upgrading your compiler to its own next version may break your program
• Every single standard header must be parsed and compiled along with your source code, which is slow and results in a bulky executable under certain compilation settings

Don't do it!

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More information:

• #include <bits/stdc++.h> with visual studio does not compile
• How does #include <bits/stdc++.h> work in C++?

Example of why Quora is bad:

• Is it good practice to use #include <bits/stdc++.h> in programming contests instead of listing a lot of includes?