Here's a one line solution:
array_shift((explode('.', $_SERVER['HTTP_HOST'])));
Or using your example:
array_shift((explode('.', 'en.example.com')));
EDIT: Fixed "only variables should be passed by reference" by adding double parenthesis.
EDIT 2: Starting from PHP 5.4 you can simply do:
explode('.', 'en.example.com')[0];
与恶龙缠斗过久,自身亦成为恶龙;凝视深渊过久,深渊将回以凝视…