localStorage is also known as Web Storage, HTML5 Storage, and DOM Storage (these all mean the same thing).
localStorage is similar to sessionStorage, except that data stored in localStorage has no expiration time, while data stored in sessionStorage gets cleared when the browsing session ends (i.e. when the browser / browser tab is closed). Session storage is used much less often than localStorage, and exists only within the current browser tab - even two tabs loaded with the same website will have different sessionStorage data. sessionStorage data survives page refresh, but not closing/opening the tab. LocalStorage data, on the other hand, is shared between all tabs and windows from the same origin. LocalStorage data does not expire; it remains after the browser is restarted and even after OS reboot. Source
localStorage is available on all browsers, but persistence is not consistently implemented. In particular, localStorage can be cleared by user action and may be cleared inadvertently (who would think that clearing all cookies also clears localStorage?).
In Firefox, localStorage is cleared when these three conditions are met: (a) user clears recent history, (b) cookies are selected to be cleared, (c) time range is "Everything"
In Chrome, localStorage is cleared when these conditions are met: (a) clear browsing data, (b) "cookies and other site data" is selected, (c) timeframe is "from beginning of time". In Chrome, it is also now possible to delete localStorage for one specific site.
In IE, to clear localStorage: (a) Tools--Internet Options, (b) General tab, (c) delete browsing history on exit, (d) ensure "Cookies and website data" (or "temporary internet files and website files") is selected, (e) consider unchecking "Preserve Favorites website data" at the top
In Safari: (a) Click Safari (b) Preferences (c) Select the Privacy tab (d) Click Remove all website data (e) Click Remove Now
Opera: Despite excellent articles on localStorage from the Opera site, I haven't yet found clear (non-programmatic) instructions to users on how to clear localStorage. If anyone finds, please leave a comment below this answer with reference link.
The Opera dev site has an excellent summary of localStorage:
The current way of storing data on the client-side — cookies — is a
problem:
Low size: Cookies generally have a maximum size of around 4 KB, which
is not much good for storing any kind of complex data
It’s difficult for cookies to keep track of two or more transactions on the same
site, which might be happening in two or more different tabs
Cookies
can be exploited using techniques such as cross site scripting,
resulting in security breaches
Other (less popular) alternatives to
cookies include techniques involving query strings, hidden form
fields, flash based local shared objects, etc. Each with their own set
of problems related to security, ease of use, size restrictions etc.
So up until now we have been using pretty bad ways of storing data on
the user’s end. We need a better way, which is where Web Storage comes
in.
Web Storage
The W3C Web Storage specification was designed as a better way of
storing data on the client-side. It has two different types of
storage: Session Storage and Local Storage.
Both Session and Local Storage will typically be able to store around
5 MB of data per domain, which is significantly more than cookies.
Resources:
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/sessionStorage
https://javascript.info/localstorage
https://dev.opera.com/articles/web-storage/
http://www.quirksmode.org/html5/storage.html
http://www.ghacks.net/2015/02/05/how-to-clear-web-storage-in-your-browser-of-choice/
https://nakedsecurity.sophos.com/2014/11/05/how-to-clear-out-cookies-flash-cookies-and-local-storage/
http://www.opera.com/dragonfly/documentation/storage/
DOMStorage article on MDN (written by John Resig)
http://ejohn.org/blog/dom-storage/
