See the exec maven plugin. You can run Java classes using:
mvn exec:java -Dexec.mainClass="com.example.Main" [-Dexec.args="argument1"] ...
The invocation can be as simple as mvn exec:java
if the plugin configuration is in your pom.xml. The plugin site on Mojohaus has a more detailed example.
<project>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId>
<artifactId>exec-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>1.2.1</version>
<configuration>
<mainClass>com.example.Main</mainClass>
<arguments>
<argument>argument1</argument>
</arguments>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
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