The is no equivalent of iPhone's KeyChain in Android currently. If you want to keep something secret, don't store it on the device. Or at least, don't store the key/password it is encrypted with on the device. Simple as that.
Additionally:
1) Even on ICS, you cannot use the KeyChain directly to store application secrets (see blog post in 3))
2) This is only a problem for rooted phones, or if someone has physical access to the device.
3) It is a lot better to remember a single password, protecting all of you credentials, than trying to remember multiple passwords. Additionally, on ICS, there is no separate password, the credential storage is protected by the device unlock password.
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