Not sure about regex, but there is a way for you to do this in Notepad++, although it isn't very flexible.
In the example that you gave, hold Alt
and select the column of numbers that you wish to change. Then go to Edit->Column Editor
and select the Number to Insert
radio button in the window that appears. Then specify your initial number and increment, and hit OK. It should write out the incremented numbers.
Note: this also works with the Multi-editing
feature (selecting several locations while maintaining Ctrl key pressed).
This is, however, not anywhere near the flexibility that most people would find useful. Notepad++ is great, but if you want a truly powerful editor that can do things like this with ease, I'd say use Vim.
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