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如下学生表student,学生表中有姓名、分数、课程编号,需要按照课程对学生的成绩进行排序 select * from jinbo.student; id | name | score | course ----+-------+-------+-------- 5 | elic | 70 | 1 4 | dock | 100 | 1 3 | cark | 80 | 1 2 | bob | 90 | 1 1 | alice | 60 | 1 10 | jacky | 80 | 2 9 | iris | 80 | 2 8 | hill | 60 | 1 7 | grace | 50 | 2 6 | frank | 70 | 2 6 | test | | 2 (11 rows) 1、rank over () 可以把成绩相同的两名是并列,如下course = 2 的结果rank值为:1 2 2 4 5 select name, score, course, rank() over(partition by course order by score desc) as rank from jinbo.student; name | score | course | rank -------+-------+--------+------ dock | 100 | 1 | 1 bob | 90 | 1 | 2 cark | 80 | 1 | 3 elic | 70 | 1 | 4 hill | 60 | 1 | 5 alice | 60 | 1 | 5 test | | 2 | 1 iris | 80 | 2 | 2 jacky | 80 | 2 | 2 frank | 70 | 2 | 4 grace | 50 | 2 | 5 (11 rows) 2、dense_rank()和rank over()很相似,可以把学生成绩并列不间断顺序排名,如下course = 2 的结果rank值为:1 2 2 3 4 select name,score, course, dense_rank() over(partition by course order by score desc) as rank from jinbo.student; name | score | course | rank -------+-------+--------+------ dock | 100 | 1 | 1 bob | 90 | 1 | 2 cark | 80 | 1 | 3 elic | 70 | 1 | 4 hill | 60 | 1 | 5 alice | 60 | 1 | 5 test | | 2 | 1 iris | 80 | 2 | 2 jacky | 80 | 2 | 2 frank | 70 | 2 | 3 grace | 50 | 2 | 4 (11 rows) 3、row_number 可以把相同成绩的连续排名,如下 course = 2 的结果rank值为:1 2 3 4 5 select name,score, course, row_number() over(partition by course order by score desc) as rank from jinbo.student; name | score | course | rank -------+-------+--------+------ dock | 100 | 1 | 1 bob | 90 | 1 | 2 cark | 80 | 1 | 3 elic | 70 | 1 | 4 hill | 60 | 1 | 5 alice | 60 | 1 | 6 test | | 2 | 1 iris | 80 | 2 | 2 jacky | 80 | 2 | 3 frank | 70 | 2 | 4 grace | 50 | 2 | 5 (11 rows) 使用rank over()的时候,空值是最大的,如果排序字段为null, 可能造成null字段排在最前面,影响排序结果,可以如下:
4、总结partition by 用于结果集分组,如果没有指定,会把整个结果集作为一个分组 rank 、dense_rank 、row_numer 都是不同方式的结果集组内排序,一般都结合over 字句出现,over 字句里 会有 partition by、order by、last、first 的任意组合,如下: rank() over(partition by a,b order by a, order by b desc); rank() over(partition by a order by b nulls first) rank() over(partition by a order by b nulls last) 补充:Oracle或者PostgreSQL的row_number over 排名语法 PostgreSQL 和Oracle 都提供了 row_number() over() 这样的语句来进行对应的字段排名,很是方便。MySQL却没有提供这样的语法。 这次我提供的表结构如下, Table "ytt.t1" Column | Type | Modifiers --------+-----------------------+----------- i_name | character varying(10) | not null rank | integer | not null 我模拟了20条数据来做演示。 t_girl=# select * from t1 order by i_name; i_name | rank ---------+------ Charlie | 12 Charlie | 12 Charlie | 13 Charlie | 10 Charlie | 11 Lily | 6 Lily | 7 Lily | 7 Lily | 6 Lily | 5 Lily | 7 Lily | 4 Lucy | 1 Lucy | 2 Lucy | 2 Ytt | 14 Ytt | 15 Ytt | 14 Ytt | 14 Ytt | 15 (20 rows) 在PostgreSQL下,我们来对这样的排名函数进行三种不同的执行方式1: 第一种:完整的带有排名字段以及排序。 t_girl=# select i_name,rank, row_number() over(partition by i_name order by rank desc) as rank_number from t1; i_name | rank | rank_number ---------+------+------------- Charlie | 13 | 1 Charlie | 12 | 2 Charlie | 12 | 3 Charlie | 11 | 4 Charlie | 10 | 5 Lily | 7 | 1 Lily | 7 | 2 Lily | 7 | 3 Lily | 6 | 4 Lily | 6 | 5 Lily | 5 | 6 Lily | 4 | 7 Lucy | 2 | 1 Lucy | 2 | 2 Lucy | 1 | 3 Ytt | 15 | 1 Ytt | 15 | 2 Ytt | 14 | 3 Ytt | 14 | 4 Ytt | 14 | 5 (20 rows) 第二种:带有完整的排名字段但是没有排序。 t_girl=# select i_name,rank, row_number() over(partition by i_name ) as rank_number from t1; i_name | rank | rank_number ---------+------+------------- Charlie | 12 | 1 Charlie | 12 | 2 Charlie | 13 | 3 Charlie | 10 | 4 Charlie | 11 | 5 Lily | 6 | 1 Lily | 7 | 2 Lily | 7 | 3 Lily | 6 | 4 Lily | 5 | 5 Lily | 7 | 6 Lily | 4 | 7 Lucy | 1 | 1 Lucy | 2 | 2 Lucy | 2 | 3 Ytt | 14 | 1 Ytt | 15 | 2 Ytt | 14 | 3 Ytt | 14 | 4 Ytt | 15 | 5 (20 rows) 第三种:没有任何排名字段,也没有任何排序字段。 t_girl=# select i_name,rank, row_number() over() as rank_number from t1; i_name | rank | rank_number ---------+------+------------- Lily | 7 | 1 Lucy | 2 | 2 Ytt | 14 | 3 Ytt | 14 | 4 Charlie | 12 | 5 Charlie | 13 | 6 Lily | 7 | 7 Lily | 4 | 8 Ytt | 14 | 9 Lily | 6 | 10 Lucy | 1 | 11 Lily | 7 | 12 Ytt | 15 | 13 Lily | 6 | 14 Charlie | 11 | 15 Charlie | 12 | 16 Lucy | 2 | 17 Charlie | 10 | 18 Lily | 5 | 19 Ytt | 15 | 20 (20 rows) 以上为个人经验,希望能给大家一个参考,也希望大家多多支持极客世界。如有错误或未考虑完全的地方,望不吝赐教。 |
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