/* static */
void Input::PreparePixInput(const StaticShape& shape, const Pix* pix,
                            TRand* randomizer, NetworkIO* input) {
  bool color = shape.depth() == 3;
  Pix* var_pix = const_cast<Pix*>(pix);
  int depth = pixGetDepth(var_pix);
  Pix* normed_pix = nullptr;
  // On input to BaseAPI, an image is forced to be 1, 8 or 24 bit, without
  // colormap, so we just have to deal with depth conversion here.
  if (color) {
    // Force RGB.
    if (depth == 32)
      normed_pix = pixClone(var_pix);
    else
      normed_pix = pixConvertTo32(var_pix);
  } else {
    // Convert non-8-bit images to 8 bit.
    if (depth == 8)
      normed_pix = pixClone(var_pix);
    else
      normed_pix = pixConvertTo8(var_pix, false);
  }
  int width = pixGetWidth(normed_pix);
  int height = pixGetHeight(normed_pix);
  int target_height = shape.height();
  if (target_height == 1) target_height = shape.depth();
  if (target_height == 0) target_height = height;
  float im_factor = static_cast<float>(target_height) / height;
  if (im_factor != 1.0f) {
    // Get the scaled image.
    Pix* scaled_pix = pixScale(normed_pix, im_factor, im_factor);
    pixDestroy(&normed_pix);
    normed_pix = scaled_pix;
  }
  input->FromPix(shape, normed_pix, randomizer);
  pixDestroy(&normed_pix);
}

/*!
 *  adjacentOnPixelInRaster()
 *
 *      Input:  pixs (1 bpp)
 *              x, y (current pixel)
 *              xa, ya (adjacent ON pixel, found by simple CCW search)
 *      Return: 1 if a pixel is found; 0 otherwise or on error
 *
 *  Notes:
 *      (1) Search is in 4-connected directions first; then on diagonals.
 *          This allows traversal along a 4-connected boundary.
 */
l_int32
adjacentOnPixelInRaster(PIX      *pixs,
                        l_int32   x,
                        l_int32   y,
                        l_int32  *pxa,
                        l_int32  *pya)
{
l_int32   w, h, i, xa, ya, found;
l_int32   xdel[] = {-1, 0, 1, 0, -1, 1, 1, -1};
l_int32   ydel[] = {0, 1, 0, -1, 1, 1, -1, -1};
l_uint32  val;

    PROCNAME("adjacentOnPixelInRaster");

    if (!pixs)
        return ERROR_INT("pixs not defined", procName, 0);
    if (pixGetDepth(pixs) != 1)
        return ERROR_INT("pixs not 1 bpp", procName, 0);
    w = pixGetWidth(pixs);
    h = pixGetHeight(pixs);
    found = 0;
    for (i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
        xa = x + xdel[i];
        ya = y + ydel[i];
        if (xa < 0 || xa >= w || ya < 0 || ya >= h)
            continue;
        pixGetPixel(pixs, xa, ya, &val);
        if (val == 1) {
            found = 1;
            *pxa = xa;
            *pya = ya;
            break;
        }
    }
    return found;
}

static PIX *
FakeReconstructByBand(L_REGPARAMS  *rp,
                      const char   *fname)
{
l_int32   i, jlow, jup, n, nbands;
l_int32   rval1, gval1, bval1, rval2, gval2, bval2, rval, gval, bval;
PIX      *pixs, *pixm, *pixd;
PIXCMAP  *cmaps, *cmapd;

    pixs = pixRead(fname);
    cmaps = pixGetColormap(pixs);
    n = pixcmapGetCount(cmaps);
    nbands = (n + 1) / 2;
    pixd = pixCreateTemplate(pixs);
    cmapd = pixcmapCreate(pixGetDepth(pixs));
    pixSetColormap(pixd, cmapd);
    for (i = 0; i < nbands; i++) {
        jlow = 2 * i;
        jup = L_MIN(jlow + 1, n - 1);
        pixm = pixGenerateMaskByBand(pixs, jlow, jup, 1, 1);

            /* Get average color in the band */
        pixcmapGetColor(cmaps, jlow, &rval1, &gval1, &bval1);
        pixcmapGetColor(cmaps, jup, &rval2, &gval2, &bval2);
        rval = (rval1 + rval2) / 2;
        gval = (gval1 + gval2) / 2;
        bval = (bval1 + bval2) / 2;

        pixcmapAddColor(cmapd, rval, gval, bval);
        pixSetMaskedCmap(pixd, pixm, 0, 0, rval, gval, bval);
        pixDestroy(&pixm);
    }

    pixDestroy(&pixs);
    return pixd;
}

/*!
 *  pixRotate90()
 *
 *      Input:  pixs (all depths)
 *              direction (1 = clockwise,  -1 = counter-clockwise)
 *      Return: pixd, or null on error
 *
 *  Notes:
 *      (1) This does a 90 degree rotation of the image about the center,
 *          either cw or ccw, returning a new pix.
 *      (2) The direction must be either 1 (cw) or -1 (ccw).
 */
PIX *
pixRotate90(PIX     *pixs,
            l_int32  direction)
{
l_int32    wd, hd, d, wpls, wpld;
l_uint32  *datas, *datad;
PIX       *pixd;

    PROCNAME("pixRotate90");

    if (!pixs)
        return (PIX *)ERROR_PTR("pixs not defined", procName, NULL);
    d = pixGetDepth(pixs);
    if (d != 1 && d != 2 && d != 4 && d != 8 && d != 16 && d != 32)
        return (PIX *)ERROR_PTR("pixs not in {1,2,4,8,16,32} bpp",
                                procName, NULL);
    if (direction != 1 && direction != -1)
        return (PIX *)ERROR_PTR("invalid direction", procName, NULL);

    hd = pixGetWidth(pixs);
    wd = pixGetHeight(pixs);
    if ((pixd = pixCreate(wd, hd, d)) == NULL)
        return (PIX *)ERROR_PTR("pixd not made", procName, NULL);
    pixCopyColormap(pixd, pixs);
    pixCopyResolution(pixd, pixs);
    pixCopyInputFormat(pixd, pixs);

    datas = pixGetData(pixs);
    wpls = pixGetWpl(pixs);
    datad = pixGetData(pixd);
    wpld = pixGetWpl(pixd);

    rotate90Low(datad, wd, hd, d, wpld, datas, wpls, direction);

    return pixd;
}

/*!
 *  pixMultConstAccumulate() 
 *
 *      Input:  pixs (32 bpp)
 *              factor
 *              offset (same as used for initialization)
 *      Return: 0 if OK; 1 on error
 *
 *  Notes:
 *      (1) The offset must be >= 0 and should not exceed 0x40000000.
 *      (2) This multiplies each pixel, relative to offset, by the input factor
 *      (3) The result is returned with the offset back in place.
 */
l_int32
pixMultConstAccumulate(PIX       *pixs,
                       l_float32  factor,
                       l_uint32   offset)
{
l_int32    w, h, wpl;
l_uint32  *data;

    PROCNAME("pixMultConstAccumulate");

    if (!pixs)
        return ERROR_INT("pixs not defined", procName, 1);
    if (pixGetDepth(pixs) != 32)
        return ERROR_INT("pixs not 32 bpp", procName, 1);
    if (offset > 0x40000000)
        offset = 0x40000000;

    pixGetDimensions(pixs, &w, &h, NULL);
    data = pixGetData(pixs);
    wpl = pixGetWpl(pixs);

    multConstAccumulateLow(data, w, h, wpl, factor, offset);
    return 0;
}

/*!
 *  pixRotateBinaryNice()
 *
 *      Input:  pixs (1 bpp)
 *              angle (radians; clockwise is positive; about the center)
 *              incolor (L_BRING_IN_WHITE, L_BRING_IN_BLACK)
 *      Return: pixd, or null on error
 *
 *  Notes:
 *      (1) For very small rotations, just return a clone.
 *      (2) This does a computationally expensive rotation of 1 bpp images.
 *          The fastest rotators (using shears or subsampling) leave
 *          visible horizontal and vertical shear lines across which
 *          the image shear changes by one pixel.  To ameliorate the
 *          visual effect one can introduce random dithering.  One
 *          way to do this in a not-too-random fashion is given here.
 *          We convert to 8 bpp, do a very small blur, rotate using
 *          linear interpolation (same as area mapping), do a
 *          small amount of sharpening to compensate for the initial
 *          blur, and threshold back to binary.  The shear lines
 *          are magically removed.
 *      (3) This operation is about 5x slower than rotation by sampling.
 */
PIX *
pixRotateBinaryNice(PIX *pixs,
                    l_float32 angle,
                    l_int32 incolor) {
    PIX *pixt1, *pixt2, *pixt3, *pixt4, *pixd;

    PROCNAME("pixRotateBinaryNice");

    if (!pixs || pixGetDepth(pixs) != 1)
        return (PIX *) ERROR_PTR("pixs undefined or not 1 bpp", procName, NULL);
    if (incolor != L_BRING_IN_WHITE && incolor != L_BRING_IN_BLACK)
        return (PIX *) ERROR_PTR("invalid incolor", procName, NULL);

    pixt1 = pixConvertTo8(pixs, 0);
    pixt2 = pixBlockconv(pixt1, 1, 1);  /* smallest blur allowed */
    pixt3 = pixRotateAM(pixt2, angle, incolor);
    pixt4 = pixUnsharpMasking(pixt3, 1, 1.0);  /* sharpen a bit */
    pixd = pixThresholdToBinary(pixt4, 128);
    pixDestroy(&pixt1);
    pixDestroy(&pixt2);
    pixDestroy(&pixt3);
    pixDestroy(&pixt4);
    return pixd;
}

/*!
 *  pixVarianceInRectangle()
 *
 *      Input:  pix (8 bpp)
 *              box (region to compute variance and/or root variance)
 *              pix_ma (mean accumulator)
 *              dpix_msa (mean square accumulator)
 *              &var (<optional return> variance)
 *              &rvar (<optional return> root variance)
 *      Return: 0 if OK, 1 on error
 *
 *  Notes:
 *      (1) This function is intended to be used for many rectangles
 *          on the same image.  It can find the variance and/or the
 *          square root of the variance within a rectangle in O(1),
 *          independent of the size of the rectangle.
 */
l_int32
pixVarianceInRectangle(PIX *pixs,
                       BOX *box,
                       PIX *pix_ma,
                       DPIX *dpix_msa,
                       l_float32 *pvar,
                       l_float32 *prvar) {
    l_int32 w, h, bx, by, bw, bh;
    l_uint32 val00, val01, val10, val11;
    l_float64 dval00, dval01, dval10, dval11, mval, msval, var, norm;
    BOX *boxc;

    PROCNAME("pixVarianceInRectangle");

    if (!pvar && !prvar)
        return ERROR_INT("neither &var nor &rvar defined", procName, 1);
    if (pvar) *pvar = 0.0;
    if (prvar) *prvar = 0.0;
    if (!pixs || pixGetDepth(pixs) != 8)
        return ERROR_INT("pixs not defined", procName, 1);
    if (!box)
        return ERROR_INT("box not defined", procName, 1);
    if (!pix_ma)
        return ERROR_INT("pix_ma not defined", procName, 1);
    if (!dpix_msa)
        return ERROR_INT("dpix_msa not defined", procName, 1);

    /* Clip rectangle to image */
    pixGetDimensions(pixs, &w, &h, NULL);
    boxc = boxClipToRectangle(box, w, h);
    boxGetGeometry(boxc, &bx, &by, &bw, &bh);
    boxDestroy(&boxc);

    if (bw == 0 || bh == 0)
        return ERROR_INT("no pixels in box", procName, 1);

    /* Use up to 4 points in the accumulators */
    norm = 1.0 / (bw * bh);
    if (bx > 0 && by > 0) {
        pixGetPixel(pix_ma, bx + bw - 1, by + bh - 1, &val11);
        pixGetPixel(pix_ma, bx + bw - 1, by - 1, &val10);
        pixGetPixel(pix_ma, bx - 1, by + bh - 1, &val01);
        pixGetPixel(pix_ma, bx - 1, by - 1, &val00);
        dpixGetPixel(dpix_msa, bx + bw - 1, by + bh - 1, &dval11);
        dpixGetPixel(dpix_msa, bx + bw - 1, by - 1, &dval10);
        dpixGetPixel(dpix_msa, bx - 1, by + bh - 1, &dval01);
        dpixGetPixel(dpix_msa, bx - 1, by - 1, &dval00);
        mval = norm * (val11 - val01 + val00 - val10);
        msval = norm * (dval11 - dval01 + dval00 - dval10);
        var = (msval - mval * mval);
        if (pvar) *pvar = (l_float32) var;
        if (prvar) *prvar = (l_float32)(sqrt(var));
    } else if (by > 0) {  /* bx == 0 */
        pixGetPixel(pix_ma, bw - 1, by + bh - 1, &val11);
        pixGetPixel(pix_ma, bw - 1, by - 1, &val10);
        dpixGetPixel(dpix_msa, bw - 1, by + bh - 1, &dval11);
        dpixGetPixel(dpix_msa, bw - 1, by - 1, &dval10);
        mval = norm * (val11 - val10);
        msval = norm * (dval11 - dval10);
        var = (msval - mval * mval);
        if (pvar) *pvar = (l_float32) var;
        if (prvar) *prvar = (l_float32)(sqrt(var));
    } else if (bx > 0) {  /* by == 0 */
        pixGetPixel(pix_ma, bx + bw - 1, bh - 1, &val11);
        pixGetPixel(pix_ma, bx - 1, bh - 1, &val01);
        dpixGetPixel(dpix_msa, bx + bw - 1, bh - 1, &dval11);
        dpixGetPixel(dpix_msa, bx - 1, bh - 1, &dval01);
        mval = norm * (val11 - val01);
        msval = norm * (dval11 - dval01);
        var = (msval - mval * mval);
        if (pvar) *pvar = (l_float32) var;
        if (prvar) *prvar = (l_float32)(sqrt(var));
    } else {  /* bx == 0 && by == 0 */
        pixGetPixel(pix_ma, bw - 1, bh - 1, &val11);
        dpixGetPixel(dpix_msa, bw - 1, bh - 1, &dval11);
        mval = norm * val11;
        msval = norm * dval11;
        var = (msval - mval * mval);
        if (pvar) *pvar = (l_float32) var;
        if (prvar) *prvar = (l_float32)(sqrt(var));
    }

    return 0;
//.........这里部分代码省略.........

/*!
 * \brief   pixToGif()
 *
 * \param[in]    pix 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 or 32 bpp
 * \param[in]    gif  opened gif stream
 * \return  0 if OK, 1 on error
 *
 * <pre>
 * Notes:
 *      (1) This encodes the pix to the gif stream. The stream is not
 *          closes by this function.
 *      (2) It is static to make this function private.
 * </pre>
 */
static l_int32
pixToGif(PIX *pix, GifFileType *gif)
{
char            *text;
l_int32          wpl, i, j, w, h, d, ncolor, rval, gval, bval;
l_int32          gif_ncolor = 0;
l_uint32        *data, *line;
PIX             *pixd;
PIXCMAP         *cmap;
ColorMapObject  *gif_cmap;
GifByteType     *gif_line;
#if (GIFLIB_MAJOR == 5 && GIFLIB_MINOR >= 1) || GIFLIB_MAJOR > 5
int              giferr;
#endif  /* 5.1 and beyond */

    PROCNAME("pixToGif");

    if (!pix)
        return ERROR_INT("pix not defined", procName, 1);
    if (!gif)
        return ERROR_INT("gif not defined", procName, 1);

    d = pixGetDepth(pix);
    if (d == 32) {
        pixd = pixConvertRGBToColormap(pix, 1);
    } else if (d > 1) {
        pixd = pixConvertTo8(pix, TRUE);
    } else {  /* d == 1; make sure there's a colormap */
        pixd = pixClone(pix);
        if (!pixGetColormap(pixd)) {
            cmap = pixcmapCreate(1);
            pixcmapAddColor(cmap, 255, 255, 255);
            pixcmapAddColor(cmap, 0, 0, 0);
            pixSetColormap(pixd, cmap);
        }
    }

    if (!pixd)
        return ERROR_INT("failed to convert image to indexed", procName, 1);
    d = pixGetDepth(pixd);

    if ((cmap = pixGetColormap(pixd)) == NULL) {
        pixDestroy(&pixd);
        return ERROR_INT("cmap is missing", procName, 1);
    }

        /* 'Round' the number of gif colors up to a power of 2 */
    ncolor = pixcmapGetCount(cmap);
    for (i = 0; i <= 8; i++) {
        if ((1 << i) >= ncolor) {
            gif_ncolor = (1 << i);
            break;
        }
    }
    if (gif_ncolor < 1) {
        pixDestroy(&pixd);
        return ERROR_INT("number of colors is invalid", procName, 1);
    }

        /* Save the cmap colors in a gif_cmap */
    if ((gif_cmap = GifMakeMapObject(gif_ncolor, NULL)) == NULL) {
        pixDestroy(&pixd);
        return ERROR_INT("failed to create GIF color map", procName, 1);
    }
    for (i = 0; i < gif_ncolor; i++) {
        rval = gval = bval = 0;
        if (ncolor > 0) {
            if (pixcmapGetColor(cmap, i, &rval, &gval, &bval) != 0) {
                pixDestroy(&pixd);
                GifFreeMapObject(gif_cmap);
                return ERROR_INT("failed to get color from color map",
                                 procName, 1);
            }
            ncolor--;
        }
        gif_cmap->Colors[i].Red = rval;
        gif_cmap->Colors[i].Green = gval;
        gif_cmap->Colors[i].Blue = bval;
    }

    pixGetDimensions(pixd, &w, &h, NULL);
    if (EGifPutScreenDesc(gif, w, h, gif_cmap->BitsPerPixel, 0, gif_cmap)
        != GIF_OK) {
        pixDestroy(&pixd);
        GifFreeMapObject(gif_cmap);
        return ERROR_INT("failed to write screen description", procName, 1);
//.........这里部分代码省略.........

//.........这里部分代码省略.........

    PROCNAME("pixWriteStreamPng");

    if (!fp)
        return ERROR_INT("stream not open", procName, 1);
    if (!pix)
        return ERROR_INT("pix not defined", procName, 1);

        /* Allocate the 2 data structures */
    if ((png_ptr = png_create_write_struct(PNG_LIBPNG_VER_STRING,
                   (png_voidp)NULL, NULL, NULL)) == NULL)
        return ERROR_INT("png_ptr not made", procName, 1);

    if ((info_ptr = png_create_info_struct(png_ptr)) == NULL) {
        png_destroy_write_struct(&png_ptr, (png_infopp)NULL);
        return ERROR_INT("info_ptr not made", procName, 1);
    }

        /* Set up png setjmp error handling */
    if (setjmp(png_jmpbuf(png_ptr))) {
        png_destroy_write_struct(&png_ptr, &info_ptr);
        return ERROR_INT("internal png error", procName, 1);
    }

    png_init_io(png_ptr, fp);

        /* With best zlib compression (9), get between 1 and 10% improvement
         * over default (5), but the compression is 3 to 10 times slower.
         * Our default compression is the zlib default (5). */
    png_set_compression_level(png_ptr, var_ZLIB_COMPRESSION);

    w = pixGetWidth(pix);
    h = pixGetHeight(pix);
    d = pixGetDepth(pix);
    if ((cmap = pixGetColormap(pix)))
        cmflag = 1;
    else
        cmflag = 0;

        /* Set the color type and bit depth. */
    if (d == 32 && var_PNG_WRITE_ALPHA == 1) {
        bit_depth = 8;
        color_type = PNG_COLOR_TYPE_RGBA;   /* 6 */
        cmflag = 0;  /* ignore if it exists */
    }
    else if (d == 24 || d == 32) {
        bit_depth = 8;
        color_type = PNG_COLOR_TYPE_RGB;   /* 2 */
        cmflag = 0;  /* ignore if it exists */
    }
    else {
        bit_depth = d;
        color_type = PNG_COLOR_TYPE_GRAY;  /* 0 */
    }
    if (cmflag)
        color_type = PNG_COLOR_TYPE_PALETTE;  /* 3 */

#if  DEBUG
    fprintf(stderr, "cmflag = %d, bit_depth = %d, color_type = %d\n",
            cmflag, bit_depth, color_type);
#endif  /* DEBUG */

    png_set_IHDR(png_ptr, info_ptr, w, h, bit_depth, color_type,
                 PNG_INTERLACE_NONE, PNG_COMPRESSION_TYPE_BASE,
                 PNG_FILTER_TYPE_BASE);

/*!
 * \brief   pixGetLocalSkewTransform()
 *
 * \param[in]    pixs
 * \param[in]    nslices  the number of horizontal overlapping slices; must
 *                  be larger than 1 and not exceed 20; use 0 for default
 * \param[in]    redsweep sweep reduction factor: 1, 2, 4 or 8;
 *                        use 0 for default value
 * \param[in]    redsearch search reduction factor: 1, 2, 4 or 8, and
 *                         not larger than redsweep; use 0 for default value
 * \param[in]    sweeprange half the full range, assumed about 0; in degrees;
 *                          use 0.0 for default value
 * \param[in]    sweepdelta angle increment of sweep; in degrees;
 *                          use 0.0 for default value
 * \param[in]    minbsdelta min binary search increment angle; in degrees;
 *                          use 0.0 for default value
 * \param[out]   pptas  4 points in the source
 * \param[out]   pptad  the corresponding 4 pts in the dest
 * \return  0 if OK, 1 on error
 *
 * <pre>
 * Notes:
 *      (1) This generates two pairs of points in the src, each pair
 *          corresponding to a pair of points that would lie along
 *          the same raster line in a transformed (dewarped) image.
 *      (2) The sets of 4 src and 4 dest points returned by this function
 *          can then be used, in a projective or bilinear transform,
 *          to remove keystoning in the src.
 * </pre>
 */
l_int32
pixGetLocalSkewTransform(PIX       *pixs,
                         l_int32    nslices,
                         l_int32    redsweep,
                         l_int32    redsearch,
                         l_float32  sweeprange,
                         l_float32  sweepdelta,
                         l_float32  minbsdelta,
                         PTA      **pptas,
                         PTA      **pptad)
{
l_int32    w, h, i;
l_float32  deg2rad, angr, angd, dely;
NUMA      *naskew;
PTA       *ptas, *ptad;

    PROCNAME("pixGetLocalSkewTransform");

    if (!pptas || !pptad)
        return ERROR_INT("&ptas and &ptad not defined", procName, 1);
    *pptas = *pptad = NULL;
    if (!pixs || pixGetDepth(pixs) != 1)
        return ERROR_INT("pixs not defined or not 1 bpp", procName, 1);
    if (nslices < 2 || nslices > 20)
        nslices = DEFAULT_SLICES;
    if (redsweep < 1 || redsweep > 8)
        redsweep = DEFAULT_SWEEP_REDUCTION;
    if (redsearch < 1 || redsearch > redsweep)
        redsearch = DEFAULT_BS_REDUCTION;
    if (sweeprange == 0.0)
        sweeprange = DEFAULT_SWEEP_RANGE;
    if (sweepdelta == 0.0)
        sweepdelta = DEFAULT_SWEEP_DELTA;
    if (minbsdelta == 0.0)
        minbsdelta = DEFAULT_MINBS_DELTA;

    naskew = pixGetLocalSkewAngles(pixs, nslices, redsweep, redsearch,
                                   sweeprange, sweepdelta, minbsdelta,
                                   NULL, NULL, 0);
    if (!naskew)
        return ERROR_INT("naskew not made", procName, 1);

    deg2rad = 3.14159265 / 180.;
    w = pixGetWidth(pixs);
    h = pixGetHeight(pixs);
    ptas = ptaCreate(4);
    ptad = ptaCreate(4);
    *pptas = ptas;
    *pptad = ptad;

        /* Find i for skew line that intersects LHS at i and RHS at h / 20 */
    for (i = 0; i < h; i++) {
        numaGetFValue(naskew, i, &angd);
        angr = angd * deg2rad;
        dely = w * tan(angr);
        if (i - dely > 0.05 * h)
            break;
    }
    ptaAddPt(ptas, 0, i);
    ptaAddPt(ptas, w - 1, i - dely);
    ptaAddPt(ptad, 0, i);
    ptaAddPt(ptad, w - 1, i);

        /* Find i for skew line that intersects LHS at i and RHS at 19h / 20 */
    for (i = h - 1; i > 0; i--) {
        numaGetFValue(naskew, i, &angd);
        angr = angd * deg2rad;
        dely = w * tan(angr);
        if (i - dely < 0.95 * h)
            break;
//.........这里部分代码省略.........

/*!
 *  pixThinExamples()
 *
 *      Input:  pixs (1 bpp)
 *              type (L_THIN_FG, L_THIN_BG)
 *              index (into specific examples; valid 1-9; see notes)
 *              maxiters (max number of iters allowed; use 0 to iterate
 *                        until completion)
 *              selfile (<optional> filename for output sel display)
 *      Return: pixd, or null on error
 *
 *  Notes:
 *      (1) See notes in pixThin().  The examples are taken from
 *          the paper referenced there.
 *      (2) Here we allow specific sets of HMTs to be used in
 *          parallel for thinning from each of four directions.
 *          One iteration consists of four such parallel thins.
 *      (3) The examples are indexed as follows:
 *          Thinning  (e.g., run to completion):
 *              index = 1     sel_4_1, sel_4_5, sel_4_6
 *              index = 2     sel_4_1, sel_4_7, sel_4_7_rot
 *              index = 3     sel_48_1, sel_48_1_rot, sel_48_2
 *              index = 4     sel_8_2, sel_8_3, sel_48_2
 *              index = 5     sel_8_1, sel_8_5, sel_8_6
 *              index = 6     sel_8_2, sel_8_3, sel_8_8, sel_8_9
 *              index = 7     sel_8_5, sel_8_6, sel_8_7, sel_8_7_rot
 *          Thickening:
 *              index = 8     sel_4_2, sel_4_3 (e.g,, do just a few iterations)
 *              index = 9     sel_8_4 (e.g., do just a few iterations)
 */
PIX *
pixThinExamples(PIX         *pixs,
                l_int32      type,
                l_int32      index,
                l_int32      maxiters,
                const char  *selfile)
{
PIX   *pixd, *pixt;
SEL   *sel;
SELA  *sela;

    PROCNAME("pixThinExamples");

    if (!pixs)
        return (PIX *)ERROR_PTR("pixs not defined", procName, NULL);
    if (pixGetDepth(pixs) != 1)
        return (PIX *)ERROR_PTR("pixs not 1 bpp", procName, NULL);
    if (type != L_THIN_FG && type != L_THIN_BG)
        return (PIX *)ERROR_PTR("invalid fg/bg type", procName, NULL);
    if (index < 1 || index > 9)
        return (PIX *)ERROR_PTR("invalid index", procName, NULL);
    if (maxiters == 0) maxiters = 10000;

    switch(index)
    {
    case 1:
        sela = selaCreate(3);
        sel = selCreateFromString(sel_4_1, 3, 3, "sel_4_1");
        selaAddSel(sela, sel, NULL, 0);
        sel = selCreateFromString(sel_4_5, 3, 3, "sel_4_5");
        selaAddSel(sela, sel, NULL, 0);
        sel = selCreateFromString(sel_4_6, 3, 3, "sel_4_6");
        selaAddSel(sela, sel, NULL, 0);
        break;
    case 2:
        sela = selaCreate(3);
        sel = selCreateFromString(sel_4_1, 3, 3, "sel_4_1");
        selaAddSel(sela, sel, NULL, 0);
        sel = selCreateFromString(sel_4_7, 3, 3, "sel_4_7");
        selaAddSel(sela, sel, NULL, 0);
	sel = selRotateOrth(sel, 1);
        selaAddSel(sela, sel, "sel_4_7_rot", 0);
        break;
    case 3:
        sela = selaCreate(3);
        sel = selCreateFromString(sel_48_1, 3, 3, "sel_48_1");
        selaAddSel(sela, sel, NULL, 0);
	sel = selRotateOrth(sel, 1);
        selaAddSel(sela, sel, "sel_48_1_rot", 0);
        sel = selCreateFromString(sel_48_2, 3, 3, "sel_48_2");
        selaAddSel(sela, sel, NULL, 0);
        break;
    case 4:
        sela = selaCreate(3);
        sel = selCreateFromString(sel_8_2, 3, 3, "sel_8_2");
        selaAddSel(sela, sel, NULL, 0);
        sel = selCreateFromString(sel_8_3, 3, 3, "sel_8_3");
        selaAddSel(sela, sel, NULL, 0);
        sel = selCreateFromString(sel_48_2, 3, 3, "sel_48_2");
        selaAddSel(sela, sel, NULL, 0);
        break;
    case 5:
        sela = selaCreate(3);
        sel = selCreateFromString(sel_8_1, 3, 3, "sel_8_1");
        selaAddSel(sela, sel, NULL, 0);
        sel = selCreateFromString(sel_8_5, 3, 3, "sel_8_5");
        selaAddSel(sela, sel, NULL, 0);
        sel = selCreateFromString(sel_8_6, 3, 3, "sel_8_6");
        selaAddSel(sela, sel, NULL, 0);
        break;
//.........这里部分代码省略.........

int main(int    argc,
         char **argv)
{
PIX         *pixs;
char        *filein, *fileout, *base, *ext;
const char  *formatstr;
l_int32      format;
l_int32      d;
static char  mainName[] = "convertformat";

    if (argc != 3 && argc != 4) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Syntax: convertformat filein fileout [format]\n"
                        "If you don't specify a format, the output file\n"
                        "needs one of these seven extensions:\n"
                        "   bmp, jpg, png, tif, pnm, gif, webp\n");
        return 1;
    }

    filein = argv[1];
    fileout = argv[2];

    if (argc == 3) {
        splitPathAtExtension(fileout, NULL, &ext);
        if (!strcmp(ext, ".bmp"))
            format = IFF_BMP;
        else if (!strcmp(ext, ".jpg"))
            format = IFF_JFIF_JPEG;
        else if (!strcmp(ext, ".png"))
            format = IFF_PNG;
        else if (!strcmp(ext, ".tif"))  /* requesting g4-tiff binary comp */
            format = IFF_TIFF_G4;
        else if (!strcmp(ext, ".pnm"))
            format = IFF_PNM;
        else if (!strcmp(ext, ".gif"))
            format = IFF_GIF;
        else if (!strcmp(ext, ".webp"))
            format = IFF_WEBP;
        else {
            return ERROR_INT(
                "Valid extensions: bmp, jpg, png, tif, pnm, gif, webp",
                mainName, 1);
        }
        lept_free(ext);
    }
    else {
        formatstr = argv[3];
        if (!strcmp(formatstr, "BMP"))
            format = IFF_BMP;
        else if (!strcmp(formatstr, "JPEG"))
            format = IFF_JFIF_JPEG;
        else if (!strcmp(formatstr, "PNG"))
            format = IFF_PNG;
        else if (!strcmp(formatstr, "TIFF"))
            format = IFF_TIFF_G4;
        else if (!strcmp(formatstr, "PNM"))
            format = IFF_PNM;
        else if (!strcmp(formatstr, "GIF"))
            format = IFF_GIF;
        else if (!strcmp(formatstr, "WEBP"))
            format = IFF_WEBP;
        else {
            return ERROR_INT(
                "Valid formats: BMP, JPEG, PNG, TIFF, PNM, GIF, WEBP",
                mainName, 1);
        }
    }

    if ((pixs = pixRead(filein)) == NULL) {
        L_ERROR("read fail for %s\n", mainName, filein);
        return 1;
    }

    d = pixGetDepth(pixs);
    if (d != 1 && format == IFF_TIFF_G4) {
        L_WARNING("can't convert to tiff_g4; converting to png\n", mainName);
        format = IFF_PNG;
    }
    if (d < 8 && format == IFF_JFIF_JPEG) {
        L_WARNING("can't convert to jpeg; converting to png\n", mainName);
        splitPathAtExtension(fileout, &base, &ext);
        fileout = stringJoin(base, ".png");
        format = IFF_PNG;
    }
    if (d < 8 && format == IFF_WEBP) {
        L_WARNING("can't convert to webp; converting to png\n", mainName);
        splitPathAtExtension(fileout, &base, &ext);
        fileout = stringJoin(base, ".png");
        format = IFF_PNG;
    }

    pixWrite(fileout, pixs, format);
    return 0;
}

/*!
 *  pixRunlengthTransform()
 *
 *      Input:   pixs (1 bpp)
 *               color (0 for white runs, 1 for black runs)
 *               direction (L_HORIZONTAL_RUNS, L_VERTICAL_RUNS)
 *               depth (8 or 16 bpp)
 *      Return:  pixd (8 or 16 bpp), or null on error
 *
 *  Notes:
 *      (1) The dest Pix is 8 or 16 bpp, with the pixel values
 *          equal to the runlength in which it is a member.
 *          The length is clipped to the max pixel value if necessary.
 *      (2) The color determines if we're labelling white or black runs.
 *      (3) A pixel that is not a member of the chosen color gets
 *          value 0; it belongs to a run of length 0 of the
 *          chosen color.
 *      (4) To convert for maximum dynamic range, either linear or
 *          log, use pixMaxDynamicRange().
 */
PIX *
pixRunlengthTransform(PIX *pixs,
                      l_int32 color,
                      l_int32 direction,
                      l_int32 depth) {
    l_int32 i, j, w, h, wpld, bufsize, maxsize, n;
    l_int32 *start, *end, *buffer;
    l_uint32 *datad, *lined;
    PIX *pixt, *pixd;

    PROCNAME("pixRunlengthTransform");

    if (!pixs)
        return (PIX *) ERROR_PTR("pixs not defined", procName, NULL);
    if (pixGetDepth(pixs) != 1)
        return (PIX *) ERROR_PTR("pixs not 1 bpp", procName, NULL);
    if (depth != 8 && depth != 16)
        return (PIX *) ERROR_PTR("depth must be 8 or 16 bpp", procName, NULL);

    pixGetDimensions(pixs, &w, &h, NULL);
    if (direction == L_HORIZONTAL_RUNS)
        maxsize = 1 + w / 2;
    else if (direction == L_VERTICAL_RUNS)
        maxsize = 1 + h / 2;
    else
        return (PIX *) ERROR_PTR("invalid direction", procName, NULL);
    bufsize = L_MAX(w, h);

    if ((pixd = pixCreate(w, h, depth)) == NULL)
        return (PIX *) ERROR_PTR("pixd not made", procName, NULL);
    datad = pixGetData(pixd);
    wpld = pixGetWpl(pixd);

    if ((start = (l_int32 *) CALLOC(maxsize, sizeof(l_int32))) == NULL)
        return (PIX *) ERROR_PTR("start not made", procName, NULL);
    if ((end = (l_int32 *) CALLOC(maxsize, sizeof(l_int32))) == NULL)
        return (PIX *) ERROR_PTR("end not made", procName, NULL);
    if ((buffer = (l_int32 *) CALLOC(bufsize, sizeof(l_int32))) == NULL)
        return (PIX *) ERROR_PTR("buffer not made", procName, NULL);

    /* Use fg runs for evaluation */
    if (color == 0)
        pixt = pixInvert(NULL, pixs);
    else
        pixt = pixClone(pixs);

    if (direction == L_HORIZONTAL_RUNS) {
        for (i = 0; i < h; i++) {
            pixFindHorizontalRuns(pixt, i, start, end, &n);
            runlengthMembershipOnLine(buffer, w, depth, start, end, n);
            lined = datad + i * wpld;
            if (depth == 8) {
                for (j = 0; j < w; j++)
                    SET_DATA_BYTE(lined, j, buffer[j]);
            } else {  /* depth == 16 */
                for (j = 0; j < w; j++)
                    SET_DATA_TWO_BYTES(lined, j, buffer[j]);
            }
        }
    } else {  /* L_VERTICAL_RUNS */
        for (j = 0; j < w; j++) {
            pixFindVerticalRuns(pixt, j, start, end, &n);
            runlengthMembershipOnLine(buffer, h, depth, start, end, n);
            if (depth == 8) {
                for (i = 0; i < h; i++) {
                    lined = datad + i * wpld;
                    SET_DATA_BYTE(lined, j, buffer[i]);
                }
            } else {  /* depth == 16 */
                for (i = 0; i < h; i++) {
                    lined = datad + i * wpld;
                    SET_DATA_TWO_BYTES(lined, j, buffer[i]);
                }
            }
        }
    }

    pixDestroy(&pixt);
    FREE(start);
    FREE(end);
//.........这里部分代码省略.........

int main(int    argc,
         char **argv)
{
char        *filein, *fileout, *fname;
char         buffer[512];
const char  *psfile = "/tmp/junk_split_image.ps";
l_int32      nx, ny, i, w, h, d, ws, hs, n, res, ignore;
l_float32    scale;
PIX         *pixs, *pixt, *pixr;
PIXA        *pixa;
static char  mainName[] = "splitimage2pdf";

    if (argc != 5)
        return ERROR_INT(" Syntax:  splitimage2pdf filein nx ny fileout",
                         mainName, 1);

    filein = argv[1];
    nx = atoi(argv[2]);
    ny = atoi(argv[3]);
    fileout = argv[4];

    lept_rm(NULL, "junk_split_image.ps");

    if ((pixs = pixRead(filein)) == NULL)
        return ERROR_INT("pixs not made", mainName, 1);
    d = pixGetDepth(pixs);
    if (d == 1 )
        lept_rm(NULL, "junk_split_image.tif");
    else if (d == 8 || d == 32)
        lept_rm(NULL, "junk_split_image.jpg");
    else
        return ERROR_INT("d not in {1,8,32} bpp", mainName, 1);

    pixGetDimensions(pixs, &ws, &hs, NULL);
    if (ny * ws > nx * hs)
        pixr = pixRotate90(pixs, 1);
    else
        pixr = pixClone(pixs);

    pixa = pixaSplitPix(pixr, nx, ny, 0, 0);
    n = pixaGetCount(pixa);
    res = 300;
    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        pixt = pixaGetPix(pixa, i, L_CLONE);
        pixGetDimensions(pixt, &w, &h, NULL);
        scale = L_MIN(FILL_FACTOR * 2550 / w, FILL_FACTOR * 3300 / h);
        fname = NULL;
        if (d == 1) {
            fname = genPathname("/tmp", "junk_split_image.tif");
            pixWrite(fname, pixt, IFF_TIFF_G4);
            if (i == 0) {
                convertG4ToPS(fname, psfile, "w", 0, 0, 300,
                              scale, 1, FALSE, TRUE);
            } else {
                convertG4ToPS(fname, psfile, "a", 0, 0, 300,
                              scale, 1, FALSE, TRUE);
            }
        } else {
            fname = genPathname("/tmp", "junk_split_image.jpg");
            pixWrite(fname, pixt, IFF_JFIF_JPEG);
            if (i == 0) {
                convertJpegToPS(fname, psfile, "w", 0, 0, 300,
                                scale, 1, TRUE);
            } else {
                convertJpegToPS(fname, psfile, "a", 0, 0, 300,
                                scale, 1, TRUE);
            }
        }
        lept_free(fname);
        pixDestroy(&pixt);
    }

    snprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer), "ps2pdf %s %s", psfile, fileout);
    ignore = system(buffer);  /* ps2pdf */

    pixaDestroy(&pixa);
    pixDestroy(&pixr);
    pixDestroy(&pixs);
    return 0;
}

//.........这里部分代码省略.........
        fprintf(stderr,
            "\n  ********** Success on all i/o format tests *********\n");
    else
        fprintf(stderr,
            "\n  ******* Failure on at least one i/o format test ******\n");
    if (!success) failure = TRUE;


    /* ------------------ Part 2: Test tiff r/w to file ------------------- */
#if  !HAVE_LIBTIFF
    goto part6;
#endif  /* !HAVE_LIBTIFF */

    fprintf(stderr, "\nTest tiff r/w and format extraction\n");
    pixa = pixaCreate(6);
    pix1 = pixRead(BMP_FILE);
    pix2 = pixConvert1To2(NULL, pix1, 3, 0);
    pix4 = pixConvert1To4(NULL, pix1, 15, 0);
    pix16 = pixRead(FILE_16BPP);
    fprintf(stderr, "Input format: %d\n", pixGetInputFormat(pix16));
    pix8 = pixConvert16To8(pix16, 1);
    pix32 = pixRead(FILE_32BPP);
    pixaAddPix(pixa, pix1, L_INSERT);
    pixaAddPix(pixa, pix2, L_INSERT);
    pixaAddPix(pixa, pix4, L_INSERT);
    pixaAddPix(pixa, pix8, L_INSERT);
    pixaAddPix(pixa, pix16, L_INSERT);
    pixaAddPix(pixa, pix32, L_INSERT);
    n = pixaGetCount(pixa);

    success = TRUE;
    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        pix = pixaGetPix(pixa, i, L_CLONE);
	d = pixGetDepth(pix);
        fprintf(stderr, "%d bpp\n", d);
	if (i == 0) {   /* 1 bpp */
            pixWrite("/tmp/junkg3.tif", pix, IFF_TIFF_G3);
            pixWrite("/tmp/junkg4.tif", pix, IFF_TIFF_G4);
            pixWrite("/tmp/junkrle.tif", pix, IFF_TIFF_RLE);
            pixWrite("/tmp/junkpb.tif", pix, IFF_TIFF_PACKBITS);
	    if (testcomp("/tmp/junkg3.tif", pix, IFF_TIFF_G3)) success = FALSE;
	    if (testcomp("/tmp/junkg4.tif", pix, IFF_TIFF_G4)) success = FALSE;
	    if (testcomp("/tmp/junkrle.tif", pix, IFF_TIFF_RLE))
                success = FALSE;
	    if (testcomp("/tmp/junkpb.tif", pix, IFF_TIFF_PACKBITS))
                success = FALSE;
	}
        pixWrite("/tmp/junklzw.tif", pix, IFF_TIFF_LZW);
        pixWrite("/tmp/junkzip.tif", pix, IFF_TIFF_ZIP);
        pixWrite("/tmp/junknon.tif", pix, IFF_TIFF);
        if (testcomp("/tmp/junklzw.tif", pix, IFF_TIFF_LZW)) success = FALSE;
        if (testcomp("/tmp/junkzip.tif", pix, IFF_TIFF_ZIP)) success = FALSE;
        if (testcomp("/tmp/junknon.tif", pix, IFF_TIFF)) success = FALSE;
	pixDestroy(&pix);
    }
    if (success)
        fprintf(stderr,
            "\n  ********** Success on tiff r/w to file *********\n\n");
    else
        fprintf(stderr,
            "\n  ******* Failure on at least one tiff r/w to file ******\n\n");
    if (!success) failure = TRUE;

    /* ------------------ Part 3: Test tiff r/w to memory ----------------- */

    success = TRUE;

//.........这里部分代码省略.........
            pix1 = pixConvert16To8(pix0, 1);
        else
            pix1 = pixClone(pix0);
    } else {
        ratw = (l_float32)MAX_DISPLAY_WIDTH / (l_float32)w;
        rath = (l_float32)maxheight / (l_float32)h;
        ratmin = L_MIN(ratw, rath);
        if (ratmin < 0.125 && d == 1)
            pix1 = pixScaleToGray8(pix0);
        else if (ratmin < 0.25 && d == 1)
            pix1 = pixScaleToGray4(pix0);
        else if (ratmin < 0.33 && d == 1)
            pix1 = pixScaleToGray3(pix0);
        else if (ratmin < 0.5 && d == 1)
            pix1 = pixScaleToGray2(pix0);
        else
            pix1 = pixScale(pix0, ratmin, ratmin);
    }
    pixDestroy(&pix0);
    if (!pix1)
        return ERROR_INT("pix1 not made", procName, 1);

        /* Generate the three views if required */
    if (threeviews)
        pix2 = pixDisplayLayersRGBA(pix1, 0xffffff00, 0);
    else
        pix2 = pixClone(pix1);

    if (index == 0) {
        lept_rmdir("disp");
        lept_mkdir("disp");
    }

    index++;
    if (pixGetDepth(pix2) < 8 ||
        (w < MAX_SIZE_FOR_PNG && h < MAX_SIZE_FOR_PNG)) {
        snprintf(buffer, L_BUF_SIZE, "/tmp/disp/write.%03d.png", index);
        pixWrite(buffer, pix2, IFF_PNG);
    } else {
        snprintf(buffer, L_BUF_SIZE, "/tmp/disp/write.%03d.jpg", index);
        pixWrite(buffer, pix2, IFF_JFIF_JPEG);
    }
    tempname = stringNew(buffer);

#ifndef _WIN32

        /* Unix */
    if (var_DISPLAY_PROG == L_DISPLAY_WITH_XZGV) {
            /* no way to display title */
        pixGetDimensions(pix2, &wt, &ht, NULL);
        snprintf(buffer, L_BUF_SIZE,
                 "xzgv --geometry %dx%d+%d+%d %s &", wt + 10, ht + 10,
                 x, y, tempname);
    } else if (var_DISPLAY_PROG == L_DISPLAY_WITH_XLI) {
        if (title) {
            snprintf(buffer, L_BUF_SIZE,
               "xli -dispgamma 1.0 -quiet -geometry +%d+%d -title \"%s\" %s &",
               x, y, title, tempname);
        } else {
            snprintf(buffer, L_BUF_SIZE,
               "xli -dispgamma 1.0 -quiet -geometry +%d+%d %s &",
               x, y, tempname);
        }
    } else if (var_DISPLAY_PROG == L_DISPLAY_WITH_XV) {
        if (title) {
            snprintf(buffer, L_BUF_SIZE,
                     "xv -quit -geometry +%d+%d -name \"%s\" %s &",
                     x, y, title, tempname);
        } else {
            snprintf(buffer, L_BUF_SIZE,
                     "xv -quit -geometry +%d+%d %s &", x, y, tempname);
        }
    } else if (var_DISPLAY_PROG == L_DISPLAY_WITH_OPEN) {
        snprintf(buffer, L_BUF_SIZE, "open %s &", tempname);
    }
    ignore = system(buffer);

#else