/*
 * call-seq:
 *   change_password(old_password, new_password)
 *
 * Allow user to change their Kerberos password, providing the +old_password+ 
 * and the +new_password+.
 * 
 * Returns true on success, raises a Krb5Auth::Krb5::Exception on failure.
 */
static VALUE Krb5_change_password(VALUE self, VALUE v_old, VALUE v_new)
{
  char *oldpass;
  char *newpass;
  int pw_result;
  struct ruby_krb5 *kerb;
  krb5_error_code krbret;
  krb5_data pw_res_string, res_string;

  Check_Type(v_old, T_STRING);
  Check_Type(v_new, T_STRING);

  oldpass = StringValueCStr(v_old);
  newpass = StringValueCStr(v_new);

  Data_Get_Struct(self, struct ruby_krb5, kerb);

  if(!kerb){
    NOSTRUCT_EXCEPT();
    return Qfalse;
  }

  krbret = krb5_get_init_creds_password(
    kerb->ctx,
    &kerb->creds,
    kerb->princ,
    oldpass,
    NULL,
    NULL,
    0,
    "kadmin/changepw",
    NULL
  );

  if(krbret){
    Krb5_register_error(krbret);
    return Qfalse; 
  }

  krbret = krb5_change_password(
    kerb->ctx,
    &kerb->creds,
    newpass,
    &pw_result,
    &pw_res_string,
    &res_string    
  );
  
  // 0 is success. Anything else is failure.

  if(krbret){
    Krb5_register_error(krbret);
    return Qfalse; 
  }

  if(pw_result){
    switch(pw_result) {
      case KRB5_KPASSWD_MALFORMED:
        rb_raise(cKrb5_Exception, "Request Packet Incorrect");
      break;
      
      case KRB5_KPASSWD_HARDERROR:
        rb_raise(cKrb5_Exception, "Password Server Error");
      break;
      
      case KRB5_KPASSWD_AUTHERROR:
        rb_raise(cKrb5_Exception, "Authentication Error");
      break;
      
      case KRB5_KPASSWD_SOFTERROR:
        rb_raise(cKrb5_Exception, "Password change rejected");
      break;
      
      default:
        rb_raise(cKrb5_Exception, "Unknown error, code: %d", pw_result);
      break;
    }

    return Qfalse; 
  }
  return Qtrue;
}

static VALUE Graph_init(VALUE self)
{
    Check_Type(self, T_DATA);
    DATA_PTR(self) = (void *)vxCreateGraph(context);
    return Qnil;
}

/* call-seq: default_options=(opts)
 *
 * Sets the default options for load and dump.
 * @param [Hash] opts options to change
 * @param [Fixnum] :indent number of spaces to indent each element in an JSON document
 * @param [true|false|nil] :circular support circular references while dumping
 * @param [true|false|nil] :auto_define automatically define classes if they do not exist
 * @param [true|false|nil] :symbol_keys convert hash keys to symbols
 * @param [true|false|nil] :class_cache cache classes for faster parsing
 * @param [true|false|nil] :ascii_only encode all high-bit characters as escaped sequences if true
 * @param [true|false|nil] :bigdecimal_as_decimal dump BigDecimal as a decimal number or as a String
 * @param [true|false|nil] :bigdecimal_load load decimals as a BigDecimal instead of as a Float
 * @param [:object|:strict|:compat|:null] load and dump mode to use for JSON
 *	  :strict raises an exception when a non-supported Object is
 *	  encountered. :compat attempts to extract variable values from an
 *	  Object using to_json() or to_hash() then it walks the Object's
 *	  variables if neither is found. The :object mode ignores to_hash()
 *	  and to_json() methods and encodes variables using code internal to
 *	  the Oj gem. The :null mode ignores non-supported Objects and
 *	  replaces them with a null.
 * @param [:unix|:xmlschema|:ruby] time format when dumping in :compat mode
 *        :unix decimal number denoting the number of seconds since 1/1/1970,
 *        :xmlschema date-time format taken from XML Schema as a String,
 *        :ruby Time.to_s formatted String
 * @param [String|nil] :create_id create id for json compatible object encoding
 * @param [Fixnum|nil] :second_precision number of digits after the decimal when dumping the seconds portion of time
 * @return [nil]
 */
static VALUE
set_def_opts(VALUE self, VALUE opts) {
    struct _YesNoOpt	ynos[] = {
	{ circular_sym, &oj_default_options.circular },
	{ auto_define_sym, &oj_default_options.auto_define },
	{ symbol_keys_sym, &oj_default_options.sym_key },
	{ class_cache_sym, &oj_default_options.class_cache },
	{ ascii_only_sym, &oj_default_options.ascii_only },
	{ bigdecimal_as_decimal_sym, &oj_default_options.bigdec_as_num },
	{ bigdecimal_load_sym, &oj_default_options.bigdec_load },
	{ Qnil, 0 }
    };
    YesNoOpt	o;
    VALUE	v;
    
    Check_Type(opts, T_HASH);
    v = rb_hash_aref(opts, indent_sym);
    if (Qnil != v) {
	Check_Type(v, T_FIXNUM);
	oj_default_options.indent = FIX2INT(v);
    }
    v = rb_hash_aref(opts, sec_prec_sym);
    if (Qnil != v) {
	int	n;

	Check_Type(v, T_FIXNUM);
	n = FIX2INT(v);
	if (0 > n) {
	    n = 0;
	} else if (9 < n) {
	    n = 9;
	}
	oj_default_options.sec_prec = n;
    }

    v = rb_hash_lookup(opts, mode_sym);
    if (Qnil == v) {
	// ignore
    } else if (object_sym == v) {
	oj_default_options.mode = ObjectMode;
    } else if (strict_sym == v) {
	oj_default_options.mode = StrictMode;
    } else if (compat_sym == v) {
	oj_default_options.mode = CompatMode;
    } else if (null_sym == v) {
	oj_default_options.mode = NullMode;
    } else {
	rb_raise(rb_eArgError, ":mode must be :object, :strict, :compat, or :null.");
    }

    v = rb_hash_lookup(opts, time_format_sym);
    if (Qnil == v) {
	// ignore
    } else if (unix_sym == v) {
	oj_default_options.time_format = UnixTime;
    } else if (xmlschema_sym == v) {
	oj_default_options.time_format = XmlTime;
    } else if (ruby_sym == v) {
	oj_default_options.time_format = RubyTime;
    } else {
	rb_raise(rb_eArgError, ":time_format must be :unix, :xmlschema, or :ruby.");
    }

    if (Qtrue == rb_funcall(opts, rb_intern("has_key?"), 1, create_id_sym)) {
	if (0 != oj_default_options.create_id) {
	    if (json_class != oj_default_options.create_id) {
		xfree((char*)oj_default_options.create_id);
	    }
	    oj_default_options.create_id = 0;
	    oj_default_options.create_id_len = 0;
	}
	v = rb_hash_lookup(opts, create_id_sym);
//.........这里部分代码省略.........

static VALUE rb_gsl_math_eval2(double (*func)(const double, const double), VALUE xx,
			       VALUE yy)
{
  VALUE x, y, ary;
  size_t i, j, size;
  gsl_vector *v = NULL, *v2 = NULL, *vnew = NULL;
  gsl_matrix *m = NULL, *m2 = NULL, *mnew = NULL;
#ifdef HAVE_NARRAY_H
  struct NARRAY *nax, *nay;
  double *ptr1, *ptr2, *ptr3;
#endif
  if (CLASS_OF(xx) == rb_cRange) xx = rb_gsl_range2ary(xx);
  switch (TYPE(xx)) {
  case T_FIXNUM:
  case T_BIGNUM:
  case T_FLOAT:
    Need_Float(yy);
    return rb_float_new((*func)(NUM2DBL(xx), NUM2DBL(yy)));
    break;
  case T_ARRAY:
    Check_Type(yy, T_ARRAY);
    size = RARRAY_LEN(xx);
    if (size != RARRAY_LEN(yy)) rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "array sizes are different.");
    ary = rb_ary_new2(size);
    for (i = 0; i < size; i++) {
      x = rb_ary_entry(xx, i);
      y = rb_ary_entry(yy, i);
      Need_Float(x); Need_Float(y);
      rb_ary_store(ary, i, rb_float_new((*func)(RFLOAT_VALUE(x), RFLOAT_VALUE(y))));
    }
    return ary;
    break;
  default:
#ifdef HAVE_NARRAY_H
    if (NA_IsNArray(xx)) {
      GetNArray(xx, nax);
      GetNArray(yy, nay);
      ptr1 = (double*) nax->ptr;
      ptr2 = (double*) nay->ptr;
      size = nax->total;
      ary = na_make_object(NA_DFLOAT, nax->rank, nax->shape, CLASS_OF(xx));
      ptr3 = NA_PTR_TYPE(ary, double*);
      for (i = 0; i < size; i++) ptr3[i] = (*func)(ptr1[i], ptr2[i]);
      return ary;
    }
#endif
    if (VECTOR_P(xx)) {
      CHECK_VECTOR(yy);
      Data_Get_Struct(xx, gsl_vector, v);
      Data_Get_Struct(yy, gsl_vector, v2);
      vnew = gsl_vector_alloc(v->size);
      for (i = 0; i < v->size; i++) {
	gsl_vector_set(vnew, i, (*func)(gsl_vector_get(v, i), gsl_vector_get(v2, i)));
      }
      return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector, 0, gsl_vector_free, vnew);
    } else if (MATRIX_P(xx)) {
      CHECK_MATRIX(yy);
      Data_Get_Struct(xx, gsl_matrix, m);
      Data_Get_Struct(yy, gsl_matrix, m2);
      mnew = gsl_matrix_alloc(m->size1, m->size2);
      for (i = 0; i < m->size1; i++) {
	for (j = 0; j < m->size2; j++) {
	  gsl_matrix_set(mnew, i, j, (*func)(gsl_matrix_get(m, i, j), gsl_matrix_get(m2, i, j)));
	}
      }
      return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_matrix, 0, gsl_matrix_free, mnew);
    } else {
      rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, 
	       "wrong argument type %s "
	       "(Array or Vector or Matrix expected)", rb_class2name(CLASS_OF(xx)));
    }
    break;
  }
  /* never reach here */
  return Qnil;
}

/*
 * call-seq:
 * 		XML.catalog_remove(catalog) -> true
 *
 * Remove the specified resource catalog.
 */
static VALUE rxml_catalog_remove(VALUE self, VALUE cat)
{
  Check_Type(cat, T_STRING);
  xmlCatalogRemove((xmlChar *) StringValuePtr(cat));
  return (Qtrue);
}

static VALUE
fntype_initialize(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE self)
{
    FunctionType *fnInfo;
    ffi_status status;
    VALUE rbReturnType = Qnil, rbParamTypes = Qnil, rbOptions = Qnil;
    VALUE rbEnums = Qnil, rbConvention = Qnil, rbBlocking = Qnil;
#if defined(_WIN32) || defined(__WIN32__)
    VALUE rbConventionStr;
#endif
    int i, nargs;

    nargs = rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "21", &rbReturnType, &rbParamTypes, &rbOptions);
    if (nargs >= 3 && rbOptions != Qnil) {
        rbConvention = rb_hash_aref(rbOptions, ID2SYM(rb_intern("convention")));
        rbEnums = rb_hash_aref(rbOptions, ID2SYM(rb_intern("enums")));
        rbBlocking = rb_hash_aref(rbOptions, ID2SYM(rb_intern("blocking")));
    }

    Check_Type(rbParamTypes, T_ARRAY);

    Data_Get_Struct(self, FunctionType, fnInfo);
    fnInfo->parameterCount = (int) RARRAY_LEN(rbParamTypes);
    fnInfo->parameterTypes = xcalloc(fnInfo->parameterCount, sizeof(*fnInfo->parameterTypes));
    fnInfo->ffiParameterTypes = xcalloc(fnInfo->parameterCount, sizeof(ffi_type *));
    fnInfo->nativeParameterTypes = xcalloc(fnInfo->parameterCount, sizeof(*fnInfo->nativeParameterTypes));
    fnInfo->rbParameterTypes = rb_ary_new2(fnInfo->parameterCount);
    fnInfo->rbEnums = rbEnums;
    fnInfo->blocking = RTEST(rbBlocking);
    fnInfo->hasStruct = false;

    for (i = 0; i < fnInfo->parameterCount; ++i) {
        VALUE entry = rb_ary_entry(rbParamTypes, i);
        VALUE type = rbffi_Type_Lookup(entry);

        if (!RTEST(type)) {
            VALUE typeName = rb_funcall2(entry, rb_intern("inspect"), 0, NULL);
            rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "Invalid parameter type (%s)", RSTRING_PTR(typeName));
        }

        if (rb_obj_is_kind_of(type, rbffi_FunctionTypeClass)) {
            REALLOC_N(fnInfo->callbackParameters, VALUE, fnInfo->callbackCount + 1);
            fnInfo->callbackParameters[fnInfo->callbackCount++] = type;
        }

        if (rb_obj_is_kind_of(type, rbffi_StructByValueClass)) {
            fnInfo->hasStruct = true;
        }

        rb_ary_push(fnInfo->rbParameterTypes, type);
        Data_Get_Struct(type, Type, fnInfo->parameterTypes[i]);
        fnInfo->ffiParameterTypes[i] = fnInfo->parameterTypes[i]->ffiType;
        fnInfo->nativeParameterTypes[i] = fnInfo->parameterTypes[i]->nativeType;
    }

    fnInfo->rbReturnType = rbffi_Type_Lookup(rbReturnType);
    if (!RTEST(fnInfo->rbReturnType)) {
        VALUE typeName = rb_funcall2(rbReturnType, rb_intern("inspect"), 0, NULL);
        rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "Invalid return type (%s)", RSTRING_PTR(typeName));
    }
    
    if (rb_obj_is_kind_of(fnInfo->rbReturnType, rbffi_StructByValueClass)) {
        fnInfo->hasStruct = true;
    }

    Data_Get_Struct(fnInfo->rbReturnType, Type, fnInfo->returnType);
    fnInfo->ffiReturnType = fnInfo->returnType->ffiType;


#if defined(_WIN32) || defined(__WIN32__)
    rbConventionStr = (rbConvention != Qnil) ? rb_funcall2(rbConvention, rb_intern("to_s"), 0, NULL) : Qnil;
    fnInfo->abi = (rbConventionStr != Qnil && strcmp(StringValueCStr(rbConventionStr), "stdcall") == 0)
            ? FFI_STDCALL : FFI_DEFAULT_ABI;
#else
    fnInfo->abi = FFI_DEFAULT_ABI;
#endif

    status = ffi_prep_cif(&fnInfo->ffi_cif, fnInfo->abi, fnInfo->parameterCount,
            fnInfo->ffiReturnType, fnInfo->ffiParameterTypes);
    switch (status) {
        case FFI_BAD_ABI:
            rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "Invalid ABI specified");
        case FFI_BAD_TYPEDEF:
            rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "Invalid argument type specified");
        case FFI_OK:
            break;
        default:
            rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "Unknown FFI error");
    }

    fnInfo->invoke = rbffi_GetInvoker(fnInfo);

    return self;
}

/* Returns the numeric form of an IP address.
 *
 * For example:
 * 24.24.24.24 => 404232216
 *
 * This is used in order to be able to perform searches in CSV versions of the
 * data files or in SQL records if the data has been put there.
 */
VALUE rb_geoip_addr_to_num(VALUE self, VALUE addr) {
  Check_Type(addr, T_STRING);
  return UINT2NUM((unsigned int)GeoIP_addr_to_num(StringValuePtr(addr)));
}

/*
 * call-seq: json_create(o)
 *
 * Raw Strings are JSON Objects (the raw bytes are stored in an array for the
 * key "raw"). The Ruby String can be created by this module method.
 */
static VALUE mString_Extend_json_create(VALUE self, VALUE o) {
    VALUE ary;
    Check_Type(o, T_HASH);
    ary = rb_hash_aref(o, rb_str_new2("raw"));
    return rb_funcall(ary, i_pack, 1, rb_str_new2("C*"));
}

/*
 * call-seq: indent=(indent)
 *
 * This string is used to indent levels in the JSON text.
 */
static VALUE cState_indent_set(VALUE self, VALUE indent)
{
    GET_STATE(self);
    Check_Type(indent, T_STRING);
    return state->indent = indent;
}

/*
 * call-seq: configure(opts)
 *
 * Configure this State instance with the Hash _opts_, and return
 * itself.
 */
static VALUE cState_configure(VALUE self, VALUE opts)
{
    VALUE tmp;
    GET_STATE(self);
    tmp = rb_convert_type(opts, T_HASH, "Hash", "to_hash");
    if (NIL_P(tmp)) tmp = rb_convert_type(opts, T_HASH, "Hash", "to_h");
    if (NIL_P(tmp)) {
        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "opts has to be hash like or convertable into a hash");
    }
    opts = tmp;
    tmp = rb_hash_aref(opts, ID2SYM(i_indent));
    if (RTEST(tmp)) {
        unsigned long len;
        Check_Type(tmp, T_STRING);
        len = RSTRING_LEN(tmp);
        state->indent = fstrndup(RSTRING_PTR(tmp), len + 1);
        state->indent_len = len;
    }
    tmp = rb_hash_aref(opts, ID2SYM(i_space));
    if (RTEST(tmp)) {
        unsigned long len;
        Check_Type(tmp, T_STRING);
        len = RSTRING_LEN(tmp);
        state->space = fstrndup(RSTRING_PTR(tmp), len + 1);
        state->space_len = len;
    }
    tmp = rb_hash_aref(opts, ID2SYM(i_space_before));
    if (RTEST(tmp)) {
        unsigned long len;
        Check_Type(tmp, T_STRING);
        len = RSTRING_LEN(tmp);
        state->space_before = fstrndup(RSTRING_PTR(tmp), len + 1);
        state->space_before_len = len;
    }
    tmp = rb_hash_aref(opts, ID2SYM(i_array_nl));
    if (RTEST(tmp)) {
        unsigned long len;
        Check_Type(tmp, T_STRING);
        len = RSTRING_LEN(tmp);
        state->array_nl = fstrndup(RSTRING_PTR(tmp), len + 1);
        state->array_nl_len = len;
    }
    tmp = rb_hash_aref(opts, ID2SYM(i_object_nl));
    if (RTEST(tmp)) {
        unsigned long len;
        Check_Type(tmp, T_STRING);
        len = RSTRING_LEN(tmp);
        state->object_nl = fstrndup(RSTRING_PTR(tmp), len + 1);
        state->object_nl_len = len;
    }
    tmp = ID2SYM(i_max_nesting);
    state->max_nesting = 100;
    if (option_given_p(opts, tmp)) {
        VALUE max_nesting = rb_hash_aref(opts, tmp);
        if (RTEST(max_nesting)) {
            Check_Type(max_nesting, T_FIXNUM);
            state->max_nesting = FIX2LONG(max_nesting);
        } else {
            state->max_nesting = 0;
        }
    }
    tmp = ID2SYM(i_depth);
    state->depth = 0;
    if (option_given_p(opts, tmp)) {
        VALUE depth = rb_hash_aref(opts, tmp);
        if (RTEST(depth)) {
            Check_Type(depth, T_FIXNUM);
            state->depth = FIX2LONG(depth);
        } else {
            state->depth = 0;
        }
    }
    tmp = ID2SYM(i_buffer_initial_length);
    if (option_given_p(opts, tmp)) {
        VALUE buffer_initial_length = rb_hash_aref(opts, tmp);
        if (RTEST(buffer_initial_length)) {
            long initial_length;
            Check_Type(buffer_initial_length, T_FIXNUM);
            initial_length = FIX2LONG(buffer_initial_length);
            if (initial_length > 0) state->buffer_initial_length = initial_length;
        }
    }
    tmp = rb_hash_aref(opts, ID2SYM(i_allow_nan));
    state->allow_nan = RTEST(tmp);
    tmp = rb_hash_aref(opts, ID2SYM(i_ascii_only));
    state->ascii_only = RTEST(tmp);
    tmp = rb_hash_aref(opts, ID2SYM(i_quirks_mode));
    state->quirks_mode = RTEST(tmp);
    return self;
}

inline static VALUE mArray_json_transfrom(VALUE self, VALUE Vstate, VALUE Vdepth) {
    long i, len = RARRAY_LEN(self);
    VALUE shift, result;
    long depth = NIL_P(Vdepth) ? 0 : FIX2LONG(Vdepth);
    VALUE delim = rb_str_new2(",");
    GET_STATE(Vstate);

    check_max_nesting(state, depth);
    if (state->check_circular) {
        VALUE self_id = rb_obj_id(self);
        rb_hash_aset(state->seen, self_id, Qtrue);
        result = rb_str_buf_new(len);
        if (RSTRING_LEN(state->array_nl)) rb_str_append(delim, state->array_nl);
        shift = rb_str_times(state->indent, LONG2FIX(depth + 1));

        rb_str_buf_cat2(result, "[");
        OBJ_INFECT(result, self);
        rb_str_buf_append(result, state->array_nl);
        for (i = 0;  i < len; i++) {
            VALUE element = RARRAY_PTR(self)[i];
            if (RTEST(rb_hash_aref(state->seen, rb_obj_id(element)))) {
                rb_raise(eCircularDatastructure,
                        "circular data structures not supported!");
            }
            OBJ_INFECT(result, element);
            if (i > 0) rb_str_buf_append(result, delim);
            rb_str_buf_append(result, shift);
            element = rb_funcall(element, i_to_json, 2, Vstate, LONG2FIX(depth + 1));
            Check_Type(element, T_STRING);
            rb_str_buf_append(result, element);
        }
        if (RSTRING_LEN(state->array_nl)) {
            rb_str_buf_append(result, state->array_nl);
            rb_str_buf_append(result, rb_str_times(state->indent, LONG2FIX(depth)));
        }
        rb_str_buf_cat2(result, "]");
        rb_hash_delete(state->seen, self_id);
    } else {
        result = rb_str_buf_new(len);
        OBJ_INFECT(result, self);
        if (RSTRING_LEN(state->array_nl)) rb_str_append(delim, state->array_nl);
        shift = rb_str_times(state->indent, LONG2FIX(depth + 1));

        rb_str_buf_cat2(result, "[");
        rb_str_buf_append(result, state->array_nl);
        for (i = 0;  i < len; i++) {
            VALUE element = RARRAY_PTR(self)[i];
            OBJ_INFECT(result, element);
            if (i > 0) rb_str_buf_append(result, delim);
            rb_str_buf_append(result, shift);
            element = rb_funcall(element, i_to_json, 2, Vstate, LONG2FIX(depth + 1));
            Check_Type(element, T_STRING);
            rb_str_buf_append(result, element);
        }
        rb_str_buf_append(result, state->array_nl);
        if (RSTRING_LEN(state->array_nl)) {
            rb_str_buf_append(result, rb_str_times(state->indent, LONG2FIX(depth)));
        }
        rb_str_buf_cat2(result, "]");
    }
    return result;
}

/*
 * call-seq: to_json_raw(*args)
 *
 * This method creates a JSON text from the result of a call to
 * to_json_raw_object of this String.
 */
static VALUE mString_to_json_raw(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
{
    VALUE obj = mString_to_json_raw_object(self);
    Check_Type(obj, T_HASH);
    return mHash_to_json(argc, argv, obj);
}

/*
 * call-seq: max_nesting=(depth)
 *
 * This sets the maximum level of data structure nesting in the generated JSON
 * to the integer depth, max_nesting = 0 if no maximum should be checked.
 */
static VALUE cState_max_nesting_set(VALUE self, VALUE depth)
{
    GET_STATE(self);
    Check_Type(depth, T_FIXNUM);
    return state->max_nesting = FIX2LONG(depth);
}

VALUE nifti_image_set_data(VALUE self, VALUE r_index, VALUE r_value) {
    char *str_value;
    nifti_image *img = to_nifti_image(self);
    int index = NUM2INT(r_index);

    // Types nifti1.h
    switch(img->datatype) {
    case DT_BINARY: // DT_UINT8
        if (r_value == Qtrue) {
            ((bool *) img->data)[index] = true;
        } else {
            ((bool *) img->data)[index] = false;
        }
        break;
    case DT_UNSIGNED_CHAR:
        Check_Type(r_value, T_STRING);
        StringValue(r_value);
        str_value = StringValuePtr(r_value);

        ((unsigned char *) img->data)[index] = ((unsigned char) str_value[0]);
        break;
    case DT_SIGNED_SHORT: // DT_INT16
        ((short *) img->data)[index] = ((short) NUM2INT(r_value));
        break;
    case DT_SIGNED_INT: // DT_INT32
        ((int *) img->data)[index] = NUM2INT(r_value);
        break;
    case DT_FLOAT: // DT_FLOAT32
        ((float *) img->data)[index] = ((float) NUM2DBL(r_value));
        break;
    case DT_DOUBLE: // DT_FLOAT64
        ((double *) img->data)[index] = NUM2DBL(r_value);
        break;
    case DT_INT8:
        Check_Type(r_value, T_STRING);
        StringValue(r_value);
        str_value = StringValuePtr(r_value);

        ((char *) img->data)[index] = ((char) str_value[0]);
        break;
    case DT_UINT16:
        ((unsigned short *) img->data)[index] = ((unsigned short) NUM2INT(r_value));
        break;
    case DT_UINT32:
        ((unsigned int *) img->data)[index] = ((unsigned int) NUM2INT(r_value));
        break;
    case DT_INT64:
        ((long long *) img->data)[index] = ((long long) NUM2LONG(r_value));
        break;
    case DT_UINT64:
        ((unsigned long long *) img->data)[index] = ((unsigned long long) NUM2LONG(r_value));
        break;
    case DT_FLOAT128:
        ((long double *) img->data)[index] = ((long double) NUM2DBL(r_value));
        break;
    default: // Unsupported types: DT_COMPLEX, DT_RGB, DT_ALL, DT_COMPLEX128, DT_COMPLEX256, DT_RGBA32
        rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "Unsupported datatype");
    }

    return r_value;
}

/* call-seq: emitter.start_document(version, tags, implicit)
 *
 * Start a document emission with YAML +version+, +tags+, and an +implicit+
 * start.
 *
 * See Psych::Handler#start_document
 */
static VALUE start_document(VALUE self, VALUE version, VALUE tags, VALUE imp)
{
    yaml_emitter_t * emitter;
    yaml_tag_directive_t * head = NULL;
    yaml_tag_directive_t * tail = NULL;
    yaml_event_t event;
    yaml_version_directive_t version_directive;
    Data_Get_Struct(self, yaml_emitter_t, emitter);


    Check_Type(version, T_ARRAY);

    if(RARRAY_LEN(version) > 0) {
        VALUE major = rb_ary_entry(version, (long)0);
        VALUE minor = rb_ary_entry(version, (long)1);

        version_directive.major = NUM2INT(major);
        version_directive.minor = NUM2INT(minor);
    }

    if(RTEST(tags)) {
        int i = 0;
#ifdef HAVE_RUBY_ENCODING_H
        rb_encoding * encoding = rb_utf8_encoding();
#endif

        Check_Type(tags, T_ARRAY);

        head  = xcalloc((size_t)RARRAY_LEN(tags), sizeof(yaml_tag_directive_t));
        tail  = head;

        for(i = 0; i < RARRAY_LEN(tags); i++) {
            VALUE tuple = rb_ary_entry(tags, i);
            VALUE name;
            VALUE value;

            Check_Type(tuple, T_ARRAY);

            if(RARRAY_LEN(tuple) < 2) {
                xfree(head);
                rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "tag tuple must be of length 2");
            }
            name  = rb_ary_entry(tuple, 0);
            value = rb_ary_entry(tuple, 1);
#ifdef HAVE_RUBY_ENCODING_H
            name = rb_str_export_to_enc(name, encoding);
            value = rb_str_export_to_enc(value, encoding);
#endif

            tail->handle = (yaml_char_t *)StringValuePtr(name);
            tail->prefix = (yaml_char_t *)StringValuePtr(value);

            tail++;
        }
    }

    yaml_document_start_event_initialize(
        &event,
        (RARRAY_LEN(version) > 0) ? &version_directive : NULL,
        head,
        tail,
        imp ? 1 : 0
    );

    emit(emitter, &event);

    if(head) xfree(head);

    return self;
}

/*
 * call-seq: space_before=(space_before)
 *
 * This string is used to insert a space before the ':' in JSON objects.
 */
static VALUE cState_space_before_set(VALUE self, VALUE space_before)
{
    GET_STATE(self);
    Check_Type(space_before, T_STRING);
    return state->space_before = space_before;
}

/* call-seq: ox_default_options=(opts)
 *
 * Sets the default options for load and dump.
 * @param [Hash] opts options to change
 * @param [Fixnum] :indent number of spaces to indent each element in an XML document
 * @param [Fixnum] :trace trace level where 0 is silent
 * @param [String] :encoding character encoding for the XML file
 * @param [true|false|nil] :with_dtd include DTD in the dump
 * @param [true|false|nil] :with_instruct include instructions in the dump
 * @param [true|false|nil] :with_xml include XML prolog in the dump
 * @param [true|false|nil] :circular support circular references while dumping
 * @param [true|false|nil] :xsd_date use XSD date format instead of decimal format
 * @param [:object|:generic|:limited|nil] :mode load method to use for XML
 * @param [:strict|:tolerant|:auto_define] :effort set the tolerance level for loading
 * @param [true|false|nil] :symbolize_keys symbolize element attribute keys or leave as Strings
 * @param [:skip_none|:skip_return|:skip_white] determines how to handle white space in text
 * @param [nil|String] :invalid_replace replacement string for invalid XML characters on dump. nil indicates include anyway as hex. A string, limited to 10 characters will replace the invalid character with the replace.
 * @param [nil|String|true|false] :strip_namespace "" or false result in no namespace stripping. A string of "*" or true will strip all namespaces. Any other non-empty string indicates that matching namespaces will be stripped.
 * @return [nil]
 */
static VALUE
set_def_opts(VALUE self, VALUE opts) {
    struct _YesNoOpt	ynos[] = {
	{ with_xml_sym, &ox_default_options.with_xml },
	{ with_dtd_sym, &ox_default_options.with_dtd },
	{ with_instruct_sym, &ox_default_options.with_instruct },
	{ xsd_date_sym, &ox_default_options.xsd_date },
	{ circular_sym, &ox_default_options.circular },
	{ symbolize_keys_sym, &ox_default_options.sym_keys },
	{ smart_sym, &ox_default_options.smart },
	{ Qnil, 0 }
    };
    YesNoOpt	o;
    VALUE	v;
    
    Check_Type(opts, T_HASH);

    v = rb_hash_aref(opts, ox_encoding_sym);
    if (Qnil == v) {
	*ox_default_options.encoding = '\0';
    } else {
	Check_Type(v, T_STRING);
	strncpy(ox_default_options.encoding, StringValuePtr(v), sizeof(ox_default_options.encoding) - 1);
#if HAS_ENCODING_SUPPORT
	ox_default_options.rb_enc = rb_enc_find(ox_default_options.encoding);
#elif HAS_PRIVATE_ENCODING
	ox_default_options.rb_enc = rb_str_new2(ox_default_options.encoding);
	rb_gc_register_address(&ox_default_options.rb_enc);
#endif
    }

    v = rb_hash_aref(opts, indent_sym);
    if (Qnil != v) {
	Check_Type(v, T_FIXNUM);
	ox_default_options.indent = FIX2INT(v);
    }

    v = rb_hash_aref(opts, trace_sym);
    if (Qnil != v) {
	Check_Type(v, T_FIXNUM);
	ox_default_options.trace = FIX2INT(v);
    }

    v = rb_hash_aref(opts, mode_sym);
    if (Qnil == v) {
	ox_default_options.mode = NoMode;
    } else if (object_sym == v) {
	ox_default_options.mode = ObjMode;
    } else if (generic_sym == v) {
	ox_default_options.mode = GenMode;
    } else if (limited_sym == v) {
	ox_default_options.mode = LimMode;
    } else {
	rb_raise(ox_parse_error_class, ":mode must be :object, :generic, :limited, or nil.\n");
    }

    v = rb_hash_aref(opts, effort_sym);
    if (Qnil == v) {
	ox_default_options.effort = NoEffort;
    } else if (strict_sym == v) {
	ox_default_options.effort = StrictEffort;
    } else if (tolerant_sym == v) {
	ox_default_options.effort = TolerantEffort;
    } else if (auto_define_sym == v) {
	ox_default_options.effort = AutoEffort;
    } else {
	rb_raise(ox_parse_error_class, ":effort must be :strict, :tolerant, :auto_define, or nil.\n");
    }

    v = rb_hash_aref(opts, skip_sym);
    if (Qnil == v) {
	ox_default_options.skip = NoSkip;
    } else if (skip_none_sym == v) {
	ox_default_options.skip = NoSkip;
    } else if (skip_return_sym == v) {
	ox_default_options.skip = CrSkip;
    } else if (skip_white_sym == v) {
	ox_default_options.skip = SpcSkip;
    } else {
	rb_raise(ox_parse_error_class, ":skip must be :skip_none, :skip_return, :skip_white, or nil.\n");
//.........这里部分代码省略.........

/*
 * call-seq: object_nl=(object_nl)
 *
 * This string is put at the end of a line that holds a JSON object (or
 * Hash).
 */
static VALUE cState_object_nl_set(VALUE self, VALUE object_nl)
{
    GET_STATE(self);
    Check_Type(object_nl, T_STRING);
    return state->object_nl = object_nl;
}

/* Pass this function an IP address as a string, it will return a hash
 * containing all the information that the database knows about the IP:
 *    db.look_up('24.24.24.24')
 *    => {:domain => "rr.com"}
 */
VALUE rb_geoip_domain_look_up(VALUE self, VALUE addr) {
  GeoIP *gi;
  Check_Type(addr, T_STRING);
  Data_Get_Struct(self, GeoIP, gi);
  return generic_single_value_lookup_response("domain", GeoIP_name_by_addr(gi, StringValuePtr(addr)));
}

/*
 * call-seq: array_nl=(array_nl)
 *
 * This string is put at the end of a line that holds a JSON array.
 */
static VALUE cState_array_nl_set(VALUE self, VALUE array_nl)
{
    GET_STATE(self);
    Check_Type(array_nl, T_STRING);
    return state->array_nl = array_nl;
}